Introduction: Migration. 
45 
are: Squatarola hehetica^ Aegialitis curonica, Strepsilas interpres, Totanus glottis^ 
T. glareola^ Actitis hypoleucos^ Terekia cinerea^ Phalaropus hyperhoreus^ etc. It may be 
that these last commingle more freely in their breeding grounds than the others, 
and have not yet adopted routes of migration of an equally unvarying character. 
From China^ or China and 8. E. Siberia^ to Further India^ the Philippines and 
Sunda Islands as far as North Celebes. — A large number of visitors to Celebes 
are distributed in summer and winter, respectively, as above. Celebes appears 
to be reached by individuals which have travelled over the Philippines, and 
not by birds coming from Borneo and Java. This is shown by the fact that 
these species occur in the Northern Peninsula, but much more rarely, if at all, 
in other parts of Celebes. Migrants descending south through the Philippines 
and across the Celebes Sea are confronted by a lofty barrier 400 miles long 
formed by this peninsula, and the majority of individuals do not pass over it 
into South Celebes or into the Moluccas. If the migrants came from Borneo 
or Java they would reach the west and south coasts first, and their presence 
on the northern coast could only be accounted for as an aimless progression 
towards the north-east, of which there is no evidence. The simpler explanation 
may be assumed with much confidence to he the correct one. The winter visitors, 
therefore, from China and the North to the Northern Peninsula are: Tachyspizias 
soloensis, Accipiter virgatus gularis, Hierococcyoo sparverioides Coccystes coromandus.^ 
Halcyon pileata^ Pitta cyanoptera, Lanius lucionensis^) , Petrophila cyanus solitai'ia^), 
Locustella ochotensxs.^ Lobivanellus cinereus.^ Tringa damascensis Ardetta eurhythma. 
There is no species occurring as a migrant in the Philippines which has 
been found in South Celebes and not in the North Peninsula, except Limicola 
platyrhyncha which is as yet known from Celebes by one specimen only from 
the South-central part of the island. 
Species with the above summer and winter distribution.^ but which pass on further 
into South Celebes., the Moluccas and Papuasia are: Butastur indicus., Ninow scutulata 
japonica., Cuculus canorus canoroides., Acrocephalus orientalis , Gallinago megala, 
Numenius minutus. To these should be added most of the Waders, and the two 
Wagtails, the Pipit, Anthus cervinus., the Arctic Chitfchaff, Phylloscopus borealis, etc., 
which, however, have a higher northern breeding range. 
From 8. E. Siberia and China to Further India and the Sunda Islands, avoid- 
ing the Philippines. — This route is pursued by Lanius tigrinus, in striking 
contrast to its compatriot Lanius lucionensis, which visits the Philippines in abun- 
dance, and the Indian countries and Southern Sunda Islands only sparingly 
(See pp. 405, 408 — 410). Most of the individuals of Pitta cyanoptera seem to 
take a route like that of L. tigrinus. 
West- Pacific migration. — There are several species occurring in Celebes 
which in winter visit the countries in the more immediate neighbourhood of the 
Pacific, not crossing to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and the islands in 
1) Has occurred in the Moluccas. 
