Introduction: Variation. 
59 
Sangi 
1 . Tanygnathus muelleri sangirensis M. Wg. 
2. Cegcopsis sangirensis M.&Wg. 
3. Cittura sangirensis Sharpe 
4. Hgpothymis rowleyi^) (Meyer) 
5. Acmonorhynchus sangirensis (Salv.) 
6. Anthreptes malaccensis chlorigaster (Sh.) 
7. Zoster ops nehrkorni W. Bias. 
8. Calornis panayensis sangirensis (Salv.) 
9. Osmotreron sangirensis (Briigg.) 
10. Ptilopus ocanthorrhous (Salv.) 
11. Macropygia alhicapilla sangirensis (S.) 
12. Megapodius sangirensis Sc hi. 
Talaut 
1 . T. muelleri — sangirensis 
2. Dicaeum talautense M.&Wg. 
3. Hermotimia talautensis M.&Wg. 
4. Calornis panayensis sangirensis {^dA.Y.) 
5. Ptilopus ccanthorrhous (Salv.) 
Q. Megapodius sangirensis Schl. 
To the Talaut list the following species having their nearest affinities in 
the Philippines and elsewhere should be added: 7. Tanygnathus talautensisM. ScWg.] 
8. Zosterops habelo' M.&Wg.; 9. Oriolus melanisticus M.&Wg,; 10. Carpophaga 
intermedia M.&Wg.; and to the Sangi list should be added Oriolus formosus Cab., 
allied to Philippine and Sula forms. 
There are about 17 species in Sangi with near affinities to forms on the 
mainland of Celebes, but which have developed more or less appreciable local 
differences. Of these 17, no fewer than 12 named in the above list have in- 
creased in size in Sangi, while two others, Prioniturus platurus and Dicaeum 
sangirense^ are probably also a trifle larger than their relatives on the mainland. 
Oicrui'us leucops, Hermotimia sangirensis and Pitta caeruleitorques have not increased 
in size, but they are at the same time not smaller than their Celebesian allies. 
In no case have Celebesian species decreased in size in Sangi. ^) 
The imperfectly explored Talaut Islands are at present known to possess 
8 peculiar species allied to forms belonging to Celebes or the Philippines, not 
counting 2 with Moluccan affinities; and to these eight should be added 4 Cele- 
besian forms which Talaut possesses in common with Sangi. Ten of these twelve 
species display a marked increase of size in Talaut, and the other two show no 
reduction. 
The converse supposition that the large forms of Sangi and Talaut represent 
the original size and that the races of Celebes and the Philippines are those 
which have undergone alteration, viz. reduction in size, is not plausible. The 
islands seem most obviously to have been colonised chiefly from the mainlands 
uj ! 
1) Nearest affinities uncertain. 
-) From the island of Siao belonging to the Sangi group a single very small specimen of an Owl like 
Seops manadensis has been described by Schl eg el as Seops siaoensis. Its distinction is not admitted in this 
ork (see p. 104). 
8 * 
