Introduction: Geographical Distribution. 
119 
That is to say, one-half of the peculiar birds of Celebes have their nearest 
affinities in the Oriental Region, and one -fifth only in the Australian Region; 
but the Australasian forms seem to be on an average rather more strongly differ- 
entiated than the Oriental forms. 
While the Philippines display nearly as many points of affinity with Celebes 
as do all the other parts of the Oriental Region taken together, they also show 
fewer points of dissimilarity — i. e. a far smaller number of genera not found 
in Celebes. 
A comparison of all the genera occurring in the Philippines, Borneo, Java, 
and Papuasia and the Moluccas with those of the Celebesian area gives the 
following results'): 
Present in the 
Celebesian area 
Absent in the 
Celebesian area 
Grenera occurring in the Philippines (not including Palawan) . 
154 
68 
Glenera occurring in the Bornean G-roup 
150 
147 
Genera occurring in Java 
135 
125 
Genera occurring in Papuasia and the Moluccas 
136 
169 
The figures show that, as regards genera, the Celebesian area agrees much 
better with the Philippines than with the neighbouring countries.^) 
We now turn to examine the various parts of the Celebesian area itself, 
giving lists of the birds of the different groups of islands, with a few remarks 
on their general afffnities and derivation. The relations of the Northern and 
Southern Peninsulas of Celebes to one another are similarly discussed. 
1) The numbers are taken respectively from Prof. D. 0. Worcester’s “Contributions to Philippine 
Ornithology” (Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 XX, pp. 551—564), Mr. Everett’s “List of the Birds of the Bornean 
Group of Islands” (J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, pp. 96—212), Dr. Vorderman’s “List of the Birds of Java” (Nat. 
Tdschr. Ned. Ind. 1885, XLIV, pp. 189 — 207), and Count Salvadori’s “Orn. Papuasia e Molucc.” 1880 — 82 
vols. I— III. 
2) It would be suggestive to compare the number of the endemic genera and species of Celebes with 
those of other islands of the earth, say Borneo, Mindanao, Java, Timor, New Guinea, New Zealand, Mada- 
gascar, etc., etc., but such data are not yet readily available. It would, however, be worth while to draw up 
such lists, as we possess them to a greater or less extent for plants. We mention for instance that endemic 
genera of Phanerogamae are known from Fiji 13, Ceylon 21, New Zealand 22, Sandwich Islands 32, the 
Mascarenes 34, New Caledonia 38, Japan 48, Madagascar 91, and that from New Guinea about 35 are as yet 
known (see 0. Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. 1891 XIII, 231). 
