Introduction: Geographical Distribution. 
129 
North Peninsula 
Spilospizias trinotatus (typical) . 
Trichoglossus meyeri (typical) 
Microstictus fidvus 
Phoenicophaes calorhynchus (typical 
Monachalcyon rnonachus 
Stoparola septentrionalis 
Pachycephala sulfuriventer 
Pachycephala honensis . 
Edoliisoma morio septentrional 
Cyrtostomus frenatus ^ saleyei 
Hermotimia grayi 
Melilestes celehensis (typical) 
Malia grata recondita . 
Trichostoma celebense 
Streptocitta torquata 
Oriolus celehensis (typical) 
Ptilopus jischeri .... 
Phlogoenas 'tristigmata . 
s . 
ensis 
South Peninsula 
S. trinotatus haesitandus 
T. meyeri honthainensis 
M. wallacei 
P. calorhynchus meridionalis 
M. capucinus 
8. meridionalis 
P. meridionalis 
P. honthaina 
E. morio (typical) 
C. frenatus saleyer ensis 
H. porphyrolaema 
M. celehensis meridionalis 
M. grata (typical) 
T. jinschi 
8. alhicollis 
O. celehensis meridionalis 
P. meridionalis 
P. himacidata 
When it is remembered that the distance from the extreme ends of the 
North and South Peninsulas is between 800 and 900 miles and that the interior 
is in most parts very mountainous, the difference in the birds of the North and 
South need not cause surprise, since isolation, one of the essential conditions 
for the origin of a new species or subspecies, can occur here very readily. 
There are differences of other kinds in other classes of animals in the North 
and South, but as the fauna of Celebes is so insufficiently known, the cases 
cannot yet be grouped together from a more general stand-point. We may mention, 
however, that Prof. v. Martens showed (in Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. 1891 II, 259), 
that of the 64 land-shells known from Celebes only 2 are doubtless identical in 
the North and South, while 23 occur only in the North and 21 only in the 
South-west, etc. Among the Land Planarians collected by Dr. P.& Dr. F. Sarasin 
(Verb. D. Zool. Ges. 1897, 114), Prof v. Graff found that in North Celebes 
the Oriental, in South Celebes the Australian character prevails. It may 
be added that Prof. Wichmann (Tijdsch. K. Nederl. Aardr. Gen. 2. ser. 1890 
VII, 978, and Petermann’s Mitth. 1893, 281) surmises that during the second 
half of the Tertiary age single parts of South Celebes were raised as islands 
above the surface of the sea and only later, when the whole of it was upheaved, 
became united with Central Celebes as one land. Whether certain differences 
in the fauna of North and South Celebes may be explained hereby, we leave over 
to future decision. That, for instance, the Moleo of the North does not occur in 
the South is no zoological proof of former geological conditions, for as a rule 
animals have a restricted distribution. 
Meyer & Wi gl e swo r th , Birds of Celebes (May 6th 1898). 
17 
