Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
11 
In the case of the tarsus, on account of the difficulty of measuring this part 
in many birds of prey, the figures given should be taken only as approximate. 
Distribution. Celebes. 8. Peninsula (Wallace 5, Platen h 4), 8. E. Central Celebes, Lakes 
Matanna and Towuti (P. & E. 8arasin); Dongala, W. Celebes (Doherty 11)\ N. 
Central Celebes, Mapane (P. & F. 8arasin); N. Peninsula, Minahassa (Wallace 5; 
etc.), Grorontalo Distr. (Forsten i, etc. 6, 8). 
Ceram was also put down as a locality for this species in 1865 by Dr. Finsch (3), 
hut it is now evident that this is an error. 
This small Goshawk was discovered about fifty years ago by Forsten. 
Its range is not known to extend beyond the mainland of the island, where 
it seems to be not uncommon, though specimens are not abundant in European 
Museums. Professor W. B la sius (b 3) was able to examine 21 skins collected 
by van Duivenbode’s hunters in North Celebes. A nice series of three adult 
males, two adult females, and two young specimens were obtained in North and 
Central Celebes by the cousins Sara sin, and these, combined with the speci- 
mens in the Dresden Museum, enable us to say with safety that the species 
does not vary locally to any appreciable degree, if at all, and also to point out 
the difference between the sexes. 
Nothing has been recorded of the habits of this Goshawk. It is most 
nearly related to the next species, Astur trivirgatus (Temm.) which differs by 
having the breast rufous-brown, or striped with rufous-brown, as against the 
long blackish or blackish brown stripes in the present bird. 
4. ASTUR TRIVIRGATUS (T emm.). 
Crested Goshawk. 
This species is composed of the two following subspecies: 
-t* 1. The typical Astur trivirgatus (Temm.) 
a. Falco trivirgatus (I) Temm., PL Col. 1824, no. 303. 
h. Astur trivirgatus Onv., Eegne An. 1829, pt. I, 332; (1) Jerd. , B. Ind. 1862, I, 47 
(2) 8chl, Mus. P.-B. Astures, 1862, 22; (III) id., Valkv. 1866, 18, 57, pi. 10; (4) 
8 wink., Ibis, 1866, 395; Wall. , Ibis 1868, 6; 8cbl. , Eev. Acc. 1873, 65 ; (5) 8barpe, 
Oat. B. I 1874, 105 pt. ; (6) 8alvad. Ucc. di Borneo, 1874, 17; (7) 8barpe, Ibis, 
1876, 32; (8) Hume, 8tr. F. 1879, VIH, 43; (9) Legge, B. Ceylon, 1880, 20; 
(10) Nicbolson, Ibis, 1882, 52; (11) W. Bias., Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1883, 21; 
(12) Oates, B. Brit. Burmab, 1883, II, 177 pt.; (13) Guillem., P. Z. 8. 1885, 545; 
(14) 8barpe, Ibis, 1888, 195; (15) W. Bias., Ornis, 1888, 303; (16) 8barpe, Ibis, 
1889, 67; id., ib. 1890, 274, pt. ; (17) Everett, J. 8tr. Br. E. A. 8. 1889, 180; 
(18) 8te.ere, Coll. B. Philip. Is. 1890, 7; (19) Oates, Hume’s Nests & Eggs, 1890, 
HI, 119, pt.; (20) Vorderman, N. T. Ned. Ind. 1890, 379; (21) Hose, Ibis, 1893, 
418; (22) Hartert, Ornis 1891, 122; Bourns &Worces., B. Menage Exped. 
1894, 32; (24) Everett, Ibis 1895, 31. 
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