Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
29 
1896, 104; (6) Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896, 177; (7) Blanf. , Fauna Br. Ind. B. m, 
1895, 405. 
n. ?Teraspiza virgatus (1) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 141. 
0 . PAccipiter stephensoni (1) Kutter, J. f. 0. 1883, 294. 
Diagnosis. The barring on the under parts of the female continued up to the throat, 
while in the females of the A. virgatus group the chest is, on the whole, longi- 
tudinally marked and blotched, or nearly uniform in colour, in contrast to the 
barred breast and under parts; the ashy black line down the middle of the white 
throat very narrow, in A. virgatus much wider and more strongly marked. In A. 
gularis the fourth primary quill is considerably longer than the fifth, in A. virgatus 
only slightly longer. (Glrant m 5). Sharpe says A. gularis has a shorter middle 
toe (c. 28 mm as against 30.5). 
Distribution. Siberia and Mantchuria (David I 2)] Corea (Prince of Savoy j 5)\ North 
China (David I 2, etc.); South China (Styan I 3^ I 6, De La Touche^ d); Japan (Gur- 
ney j 3, Seeb. m 3); Philippines? (Meyer n 1, Gurney j 5); Cochin China (Gurney 
j 3)\ Natuna Islands (Conrad m 2); Malacca (Wallace k 5); Sumatra (Gurney j 3)\ 
Java (Gurney j 5); Timor (Wallace k 5)\ Palawan (Everett I S); Borneo (Everett, 
Whitehead, Mottley I 5, I 4]\ North Celebes (Biedel in Petersh. Mus.); Djampea 
(Everett, fide Hartert in 6). 
5 . Accipiter virgatus rufotibialis (Sharpe). 
p. Accipiter rufotibialis Sharpe, Ibis 1887, 437; id., ib. 1889, 68, pi. H; id., ib. 1890, 274; 
Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 181; Hose, Ibis 1893, 418. 
Diagnosis. Under tail-coverts uniform chestnut, thighs chestnut. 
Distribution. Mt. Kini Balu, Borneo (Whitehead). 
The above subdivision of this troublesome and badly understood species is 
based chiefly upon the conclusions of Gurney, Hume, Sharpe and O. Grant, 
but it can only, we think, be regarded as a provisional one. In his elaborate 
and careful article on A. virgatus (I 3), Gurney distinguished three forms of this 
species, viz: the typical one, A. virgatus, a large race of the Himalayas 
[A. affinis subsp.) and a third, differing in coloration, from the Philippines 
[A. manilensis subsp.). Gurney distinguishes these from the typical form as 
follows : 
“The larger form (afjinis) chiefly differs, as regards coloration, from the 
typical A. virgatus (the range of which is decidedly more southern, though both 
races inhabit the most northerly parts of India) in the bright rufous, which 
usually characterizes the under surface of the old males of A. virgatus, being 
replaced in those of the northern race by a non-rufous chocolate brown”. 
“The nearly allied hawk of the Philippine Islands [A. manilensis subsp.) is re- 
markable for having the rufous colouring of the breast as strongly developed 
in the adult female as in the male, which I believe is never the case in the 
typical A. virgatus-, and, in addition to this, it also differs from A, virgatus in 
the somewhat browner and less slaty tint of the upper surface, and in the dark 
gular stripe being, in some adult specimens, much less distinctly marked.” 
