34 
Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
the under tail- coverts; under wing- coverts still more scantily spotted with brown 
than in the above. In almost every detail the description of the young Pernis celebensis 
would apply equally well to this bird (N. Celebes — Dresd. Mus.). 
Immature. Intermediate between the young and adult: head whitish, broadly streaked with 
black, breast marked with guttate streaks of blackish brown; under parts mottled 
with pale brown and whitish, with feathers regularly barred with dark brown inter- 
mixed; flanks and thighs narrowly harrred as in the adult; upper parts dark brown, 
tail with five hands, the basal one indistinct (Banka Id., N. Celebes, 17. May 1893: 
Nat. Coll. — C 12235). 
Two young specimens in the Leyden Museum have the head all white. 
AVing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Mid. toe 
witliout 
claw 
Culmeii 
from cere 
a. (Nr. 6670) ad. S. Celebes (Platen) . . . 
355 
258 
91 
45 
30 
b. (C 12235) [G^] imm. Banka Id., N.Cel. 17. V. 93 
(Nat. Coll.) 
375 
265 
50 
31 
c. (Sarasin Coll.) (G vix ad. Lake Posso, 17.H. 95 
(P. & F. S.) 
358 
265 
91 
29.5 
d. (C 1 4246) [cf Lembeh Id. 28. H. 95 (Nat. Coll.) 
355 
260 
— 
— 
31 
e. (Mus. Petersb.) [(G] juv. N. Celebes (Eiedel) . 
370 
270 
91 
49 
31 
/. (C 10846) [Q] ad. near Manado VHI— IX. 92 
(Nat. Coll.) 
410 
290 
97 
53 
35 
g. (Sarasin Coll.) Q juv. Eurukan Forest, N. Cel. 
2. VH. 94 (P. & F. S.) 
395 
276 
34.5 
h. Nr. 14077 [51 juv. N. Celebes (Eiedel) . 
406 
285 
90 
54 
34 
Distribution. Celebes and Sula. Grorontalo Distr. (Forsten hi, b 3)-, Minahassa (Wallace 5, 
V. Eosenherg b 5; etc.); Banka Island off the Minahassa (Nat. Coll, in Dresd. Mus.); 
Lemheh Island (Nat. Coll, ib.); Central Celebes — Lake Posso (P. & P. Sarasin 5); 
South Celebes — Macassar (Wallace 5), Tjamha Distr. (Platen in Dresd. Mus.), 
Maros (AVeber 7); Sula Islands — Sula Besi (Bernstein b II, b 3). 
Aru, recorded as the land of origin of this species by von Pelzeln (4), may 
he safely ascribed to erroneous labelling, as v. Pelzeln liimself subsequently con- 
cluded (see: Salvador! d 3). 
Nothing is known of the habits of this Hawk-eagle. The allied S. limnaetus 
of Java preys on rails, waterfowl, ducks, chickens, robbing also the nests of 
other birds (Schl. Astures, 7). Colonel Legge found the favourite food of 
S. ceylonensis (Gm.) to be a large lizard, Calotes. It also devours Squirrels and 
other small mammals (B. Ceylon, 59). The allied species, 8. cirrhatus (Gm.) 
and 8. ceylonensis, lay as a rule only one egg; 8. limnaetus one or two eggs 
(Legge, 1. c.; Oates, Hume’s Nests and Eggs, 1890, III, 147, 149). Conse- 
quently, among the Hawk-eagles, there is no overcrowding; the birds are 
stationary, and a number of local races have been built up. 
Touching the remarkable similarity of the plumage of this species to Pernis 
celebensis, see the descriptions of the latter and plates)'. 
The form of 8pizaetus most nearly allied to 8. lanceolatus is perhaps 
8. philippensis Gurney. A figure of this species given by Walden (Tr. Z. S. 
1875 IX, pi. XXIV) displays a bird very like the adult Celebesian Hawk-eagle, 
