Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
41 
Styan, Ibis 1888, 232; (14) Sharpe, Ibis 1888, 195; (15) id., ib. 1889, 73; 1890 
274; (16) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1889, 376; (17) Everett, J. Str. Br. B. A. 8. 1889, 183; 
(18) North, Nests and Eggs B. Austr. 1889, 7, pi. I, f. 2 (egg); (19) Steere, List B. 
Philip. 1890; 7; (20) Oates, ed. Hume’s Nests and Eggs Ind. B. 1890, III, 161; (21) 
Hose, Ibis 1893, 419; (22) Biittik., Zool. Ergebn. Weber’s Reise in Ost-Ind. 1893,111, 
272, 286, 290; (23) Studer, Reis. Glazelle 1889, HI, 198; (24) Hagen, Td. Ned. Aard. 
Grenoots. 1890 (2) YH, 130; (24'^^^) Hickson, Nat. in N. Celebes 1889, 35; (25) 
Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exped. 1894, 33; (26) Yorderm., N. T. Ned. 
Ind. 1895, 318; (27) Blanf., Eaun. Br. Ind. B. Ill 1895, 318; (28) M. & Wg., 
Abb. Mus. Dresden 1895, Nr. 8 p. 4; (29) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 7. 
d. Haliaetus sphenurus (I) Hid., Syn. B. Austr. 1838, pi. 37, f. 2. 
e. Ichthyaetus leucogaster Y-IJ Grid., B. Austr. 1848, I, pi. 3; (II) Diggles, Orn. Austr. 
1866, pt. 5. 
f. Cuncuma leucogaster Glray, Cat. Acc. Br. Mus. 1848, 24; (1) Hume, Str. E. 1876, lY, 
422, 461, 462; (la) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 56; (2) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, I, 7 — 11, 
548, et Agg. 1889, 11; (3) W. Bias., P. Z. S. 1882, 698; (4) id., Ornis 1888, 304; 
(5) Salvad., Orn. Pap. Agg. 1889, 11; (6) Hartert, Nov. Zook 1895, 476; (7) 
Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Glen. 1896, XXXYI, 58. 
“Kadjawali”, Main, Minahassa, Nat. Coll. 
“Koheba laut”, Lembeli Id., iid. 
“Bunia”, Tonkean, E. Celebes, iid. 
“Kuwajang”, Banggai Id., iid. 
For^ further synonymy and references see Salvadori f 2, f 5. 
Figures and descriptions. Temminck c 7; Glould, I, d I, e 7; Scblegel HI; Diggles e 77; 
North IS (egg); Einscli & Hartlaub 4; Scblegel 5; Sharpe d; Hume/’i; Sal- 
vadori f 2\ Legge 7; W. Blasius f 3\ Yorderman 72; Blanford 27; etc. 
Adult. Head, neck and all the under parts white; upper surface of body ashy grey; 
primaries and base of tail slaty-blackish; end of tail white for the terminal 
90 mm (ca.), (E. Celebes, Nat. Coll — C 14355). “Bill black, base and cere 
lead colour; feet very pale yellow (dirty white — Whitehead 75); iris olive brown” 
(W allace). 
Young. Above brown, more whitish tawny on the region of the head and neck, darker 
on the back, all the feathers edged with paler brown, fulvous or whitish; below 
rufous brown and tawny, varied with whitish; tail whitish, terminal third blackish 
brown (juv. Minahassa, 9. H. 94, Nat. Coll. — C. 13236). 
The following are taken from extreme measurements made by Legge, 
Sharpe and W. Blasius fd, 7, f 3) and three adults from Celebes in the Dresden 
and Sara sin Collections. 
Measurements. 
Wing 
Tail 
Tarsus 
Culmen 
with, cere 
Small (Y 
535 
240 
87 
50 
Large $ 
610 
315 
107 
55 
Eggs. Grenerally 2, white; seen against the light blackish green; often smeared with brown 
or yellowish — probably from the faeces of the parent bird. Average measurements : 
71.4 X 52.6 mm (Oates 25, North 18). 
Breeding season. West coast of India and Ceylon, October— December (8, f 1, 7)\ mouth 
of the Hoogly and Nicobar Islands, end of January (20)\ North Borneo, a nest with 
Meyer & Wi gl es wo rtli, Birds of Celebes (Oct. 8tli, 1S97). 
