Birds of Celebes: Falconidae. 
43 
GENUS POLIOAETUS Kaiip. 
In structure this form is very like Haliaetus, though smaller, but it may 
be distinguished by its claws, which are rounded below, and by its shorter, 
more rounded wings, which when closed fall considerably short of the tip of 
the tail (Legge), and in which the and quills, instead of the 3"^^, are the 
longest; the tibial plumes are short, not overreaching the upper third of the 
tarsus. There are two species, inhabiting the Indian Region from the Himalayas 
to Celebes; they prey chiefly upon fresh-water flsh, and lay 3 eggs. 
16. POLIOAETUS HUMILIS (Miill. SchL). 
Lesser Fishing-eagle. 
Of this species there are two pronounced races, which are said to blend 
in Cachar. 
1. The typical Polioaetus humilis (Mllll. Schl.) 
a. Falco humilis (I) M. et S., Verb. Nat. Glesch. Natuurk. Comm., Aves, 1B39 — 44, 47, pi. 6. 
h. Ichthyaetus nanus Blytli, J. A. S. B. 1842, XI, 202; 1843, XH, 304 (Singapore). 
c. Pandion humilis Kaup, Classif. Sang. u. Yog. 1844, 122; (I) Schl., Yalkvogels 1866, 13, 
53, pi. 5 13. 
d. Polioaetus humilis Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1850, 73; (1) Wall., Ibis 1868, 14; (2) Sharpe, 
Cat. B. 1874, I, 454; (3) Salvad., Ucc. Borneo 1874, 6; (4) Gurney, Ibis 1878, 
455 — 458; (5) Hume, Str. F. 1880, IX, 244; (6) Oates, B. Brit. Burmab 1883, 
H, 223; (7) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Orn. 1885, 222; (8) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. 
A. S. 1889, 183; (9) Hartert, Xov. Zook 1895, 476. 
e. Haliaetus humilis Schl., Mus. P.-B. Aquilae, 1862, 18. 
f. Pontoaetus humilis (1) Blytli, Ibis 1863, 22. 
g. Polioaetus humilis suhsp. Gurney, Diurn. B. of Prey 1884, 60. 
h. Polioaetus plumbeus humilis (1) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1896, Xr. 2, p. 7. 
“Zuajan pupusi”, Peling Id., Xat. Coll. 
For further references see Sharpe d 2, Salvador! d 3, Oates d 6. 
Figures and descriptions. Muller & Scblegel a I] Schlegel cl', Sharpe d 2] Gurney 
d 4\ Hume d 5; Oates d 6; W. Blasius d 7. 
Diagnosis. Size smaller; bill much smaller; foot and tarsus markedly slenderer, though not 
shorter (Hume d 5)\ the dark band across the end of the tail a little more distinct 
(Gurney d 4). 
Adult. Abdomen, thighs and under tail-coverts white; all other parts ashy brown, 
more chocolate colour on the back and wings; throat and cheeks slightly streaked 
with whitish; terminal fourth of tail indistinct dark brown, tip whitish (ad. Peling 
Id., Y — YIII, 95: Xat. Coll., C 14497). “Bill and cere dusky lead -colour; feet 
pale bluish white; iris light yellow” (Wallace d 1). 
Young male. Above brown, the feathers margined with fulvous brown; on lower back and 
rump varied with white; tail-feathers brown, white at the base and on the inner 
web, and indistinctly barred with blackish brown; forehead, sides of head, hind 
G* 
