54 
Birds of Celebes: Balconidae. 
is certainly less complex than the use of a quadrinomial such as Mdliastur indus 
girrenera ambiguus. 
Better suited to the ornithological needs of the present day, so long as 
mathematical accuracy which may be expressed in numbers is generally im- 
possible, are the signs ^ and <^, as explained in a subsequent article. We 
use them as follows: 
Haliastiir mdus y> girrenera means that the specimen so indicated is 
more like the typical indus than girrenera (viz. ordinary birds from Ceylon, 
Sumatra etc.); 
Haliastivi' indus girrenera , more like girrenera than indus (Celebes etc.) ; 
Haliastur indus = girrenera , sharing equally the characters of indus and 
girrenera^ intermediate (Java, etc.). 
Haliastur indus — girrenera. 
a. Haliastur indus partim (1) Schl., Mus. P.-B. Aquilae 1862, 19; (II) id. Valkv. 1866, 
pi. 4, fig. 4; (3) id., Eev. Acc. 1873, 119—123; (4) Salvad., Ucc. di Borneo 1874, 
12; (5) Lenz, J. f. 0. 1877, 366; (6) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 76; (7) A. Muller, 
J. f. 0. 1882, 428; (8) Hartert, J. f. O., 1889, 405; (8^^^) Hagen, Td. Ned. Aard. 
Genoots. 1890 (2), VH, 130; (9) Vorderman, Notes Leyden Mus. 1891, 122; (10) 
M. & Wg., J. f. 0. 1894, 238; (11) fid., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 4; Nr. 9, 
p. 2; (12) fid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 7. 
b. Haliastur intermedius (Gurney), subsp.; (1) Sbarpe, Cat. B. 1874, I, 314; (2) Gurney, 
Ibis 1878, 460 — 466; (3) id., Diurn. B. of Prey 1884, 79. 
c. Haliastur intermedius Gurney; (1) Walden, Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 142; (2) Salvad., Orn. 
Pap. 1880, I, 19; (3) Meyer, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien 1881, 760; (4) Guillem., 
P. Z. S. 1885, 253; (5) id., t. c. 502; (6) id. t. c. 562; (7) Sbarpe, Ibis 1889, 74; 
(8) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 183; (9) Steere, Coll. B. Pbilip. 1890, 7; 
(10) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1891, 41; (11) Sbarpe, Ibis 1894, 244, 258; 
(12) Grant, t. c. 407; (13) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exped. 1894, 33; (14) 
Vorderman, N. T. Ned. Ind. 1895, 329, 333; (15) Grant, Ibis 1895, 438; (16) 
Everett, Nov. Zool. 1896, 597. 
d. Haliastur indus var. ambiguus (1) Briiggem., Abb. Ver. Bremen 1876, 45; (2) Biittik., 
Zool. Ergebn. Webers Eeise Ost-Ind. 1893, ITT, 271. 
e. Haliastur leucosternus Walden; (1) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 56; (2) Joest, Das Holontalo 
1883, 105. 
f. Haliastur girrenera var. ambigua (1) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, I, 17; (2) W. Bias., 
J. f. 0. 1883, 135; (3) id., Ztscbr. ges. Orn. 1885, 227; (4) id., Ornis 1888, 542. 
g. Haliastur girrenera (1) Meyer, Isis 1881, 9. 
“Asiare” or “Kasihare”, adult; “Jamba”, young, Talaut Is., Nat. Coll. 
“Kasiabe”, Siao, Tagulandang and Euang, “Kasiabeng”, Gt. Sangi, fid. 
“Kobeba mera”, Banka Id., N. Cel., fid. 
“Kobeba dada puti” i. e. Bird of Prey with white breast, Malay vernacular of Celebes, 
Meyer el. 
“Bulia”, Gorontalo, Joest e 2. 
“Tjangeb", Tjamba, Maros, S. Celebes, Platen f 3. 
“Alaij pau”, Peling Island, Nat. Coll. 
