Birds of Celebes: Balconidae. 
55 
For further references see Sharpe h c 7. 
Figures and descriptions, Schlegel all, a 1, a 3; Sharpe b 1; Briiggemann d 1\ Lenz 
a 5\ Grurney h 2 (specimens described from Sumatra, S. Borneo, Mores, Macassar, 
Togian Islands, Amboina, E. Austraha); A. Muller a 7; Meyer ^ri; W. Blasius 
f3, f4. 
Adult. Head, neck, breast and upper part of abdomen white, marked to a greater 
or less extent with dark shaft-streaks, which are broad — hut narrower than in the 
typical H. indus — in the western parts of its range, and gradually become fine and 
scanty in the eastern parts ; primaries black, passing into cinnamon-chestnut towards 
the bases of the feathers; all other parts cinnamon-chestnut, whitish at the tip 
and on the under side of the tail. “Bill bluish white; feet citron-yellow” (Platen 
f 3). Iris variable — probably with age: dark chocolate, warm chocolate, olive- 
brown, brown, light brown, dull yellow, reddish yellow (Gurney h 2, Sharpe c 7, 
W. Blasius f 4). 
Young. The white of the adult replaced by cinnamon, whole under surface of this colour. 
Measurements after Legge, Salvador! and Gurney. Wing 345 — 406 mm, tail 170 — 241, tarsus 
46 — 57, bill from cere 28 — 31. The smallest measurements are generally those of 
the most eastern parts. 
Distribution of intermediate specimens. Ceylon (Legge a 6]] Malacca (Sharpe 5 7); Salanga 
(A. Muller a 7); Sumatra (Gurney b 2; Salvad. c 10)\ Bangka (Schl. a 5); Billiton 
(Vorderman a 9)\ Java (Schl. a 3, Sharpe b 1)\ Lombok (Yorderman c 74); Sum- 
bawa (Guillem. c4); Sumba (Meyer c 5); Flores (Gurney b 2); Timor (Wall. 5 7); 
Philippines (Schl. a 3, Meyer cl, Steere c 9)\ Sooloo Islands (Guillem, c 4); 
Borneo (Schl. a 3, Everett c S); Talaut Is. (Nat. Coll, a 10, all)', Great Sangi 
(Platen f 4, Nat. Coll.); Siao (Hoedt « 5, Meyer 5^7, Nat. Coll.), Tagulandang and 
Euang (Nat. Coll.); Celebes — North (Eorsten, Eosenb. a 7, a 3, Meyer el, etc.), 
— S. W. Peninsula, Macassar (Wallace 6 7); Maros and Tjamba (Platen f 3], 
Tete Adji (Weber d 2); Peling (Nat. Coll.); Sula Besi (Hoedt a 3); Burn (Wallace 
6 7); Amboina (Schl. a 3); Obi Major (Guillem, c 4); Halmahera (Meyer in Dresd. 
Mus.); Austraha (Gurney 6 2, Eamsay). 
In the west and east extremes of the range given above normal specimens 
of the typical H. indus and of H. indus girrenera respectively occur intermingled 
with others that are not normal. Thus, in Malacca, Mr. Hume records a speci- 
men with the dark streaks as strongly developed as in any Indian specimen 
(Str. F. IX, 1880, 120); Colonel Legge, on the other hand, regards the 
Malaccan birds as further removed from the Indian than are the Cingalese 
ones, which he considers intermediate between the two. It is very probable 
that in Malacca, and elsewhere, an influx of specimens from the north takes 
place in winter, for, as is pointed out by Gurney, Abbe David notes a 
migratory movement among the birds of Tchekiang and Kiangsi: “il disparait de 
ces provinces pendant Ihiver et se retire dans la Cochinchine” (David and 
O ust. Ois. Chine, 1 5), but it is not certain to what race the Chinese birds belong. 
In Halmahera, Amboina, Celebes, etc. pure white plumage on the head, neck 
and breast is common; from Flores, also, such a bird is mentioned by Schlegel 
(a 3) and w’e have recently received an almost typical girrenera from Talaut {a 10). 
The most logical way of treating such specimens is to record them under the 
