Birds of Celebes: Pandionidae. 
91 
ear-coverts blackish brown continued into a streak clown the sides of tire neck; 
chin and throat white, often marked with brown shaft-streaks; chest brown, some- 
times pure white; under wing-coverts nearest the body white, the outermost ones 
brown with wliite margins; remaining under parts of body — except the axhlaries, 
which are spotted with brown — pure white. 
Iris yellow; cere blue; feet blue or bluish white. 
Young. Above darker, richer brown than the adult, all the feathers of the back, upper 
tail- and wing-coverts terminally margined with white or fulvous; crown of head 
and neck much more saturated with blackish brown than in the adult; numerous 
cross-bars — imperceptible in the adult — plainly apparent on the tail of the young. 
Distribution of the species. A l m ost cosmopolitan. Absent in the southern countries of 
S. America and in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, except two or three (cf. 
D resser h VIII, Newton h 4, Legge b 9, Salvadori c 6). 
The American form of the Osprey, P. carolmensis does not further concern 
this work; both of the other two forms, the typical Osprey of the Old World 
and the smaller Australian bird in our opinion occur in the Celebesian area, 
Schlegel and Sharpe include Celebes within the range of the typical form 
(h 5, h 19)\ Briiggemann, Gurney, Meyer, Blasius and Salvadori within 
that of the Australian form (d 1, b 10, c 5, h 13, c 6) and Schlegel and 
Blasius (b 15) identify the Sangi Islands as a locality for the typical P. h., 
Gurney and Salvadori as a locality for P. h. leucocephalus, ■ — so, also, Meyer 
(c 9). These conflicting opinions will be answered in the future in one of two 
manners — either one or both forms will be found to be migratory visitors to 
Celebes and Sangi ; or, the birds inhabiting these islands will be found to 
present an interconnected, intermediate race between the northern and southern 
Ospreys. If migratory, then the northern race may be expected to occur in 
Celebes and Sangi in the months of our winter and the southern race during 
the months of the Australian winter, i. e. in our summer. The northern Osprey 
is known to migrate south in autumn, passing the winter south of about 45“ 
N. lat. (b 22); in Ceylon it is only present during the cool season (b 9), and 
this also appears to be the case in Burmah (b 12) and possibly throughout all 
countries south of the Himalayas. No record of its nesting in India was known 
to Mr. Oates in 1889. In Borneo three S23ecimens of the northern Osprey 
have been obtained in December by Mr, Whitehead, who believes it is a 
migrant there — i. e. in Northern Borneo (b 16), and it is also marked by him 
as migratory in Palawan (b 18). Another was obtained at Sarawak by Beccari 
on March 3“"^, 1867 (h7). A fifth mentioned by Schlegel (h 2) was killed 
at Pagattan at the S. E. extremity of the island, and has the wing only 420 mm 
(“IfiVa French inches”) long; thus evidently — though a male — ■ belonging to 
a smaller race. For the Sangi Islands and Celebes the few specimens, which 
have been properly dated, run as follows: 
12 * 
