128 
Birds of Celebes: Cacatuidae. 
FAMILY CACATUIDAE. 
“Sternum complete; orbital ring completely ossified, with a process bridging 
the temporal fossa (Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, 594); nostrils open in a cere 
not much swollen, generally naked but sometimes feathered; bill very deep, deeper 
than long, with the upper mandible generally much compressed; hook of the 
upper mandible nearly perpendicular, except in Licmetis, and with a file-like 
surface underneath; tarsus short; head always crested; as a rule only the left 
carotid present” (Salvadori, Cat. B. XX, 101). Coloration uniform. 
Five genera found in Australia, two thereof passing into Papuasia, and 
one of the latter, Cacatua^ further to the Philippines, Celebes, and the Lesser 
Sunda Islands. 
GENUS CACATUA Yieill. ex Briss. 
Map V. 
The species of this genus are of rather large size — from that of a Jack- 
daw to a Paven almost — and are well characterized by their white or rosy — 
(in one case deep rose-coloured) plumage, their crests, and perpendicu- 
larly-hooked bills. Fuscin, a colour which, when overlaid with psittaco- 
fulvin, gives parrot-green, is absent in the Cockatoos (Krukenberg). The 
genus Cacatua is composed of 15 species, which, as shown in the following 
article, fall into three natural groups, with a distribution from Australia to 
Lombok, Celebes, the Philippines, Moluccas, the Papuan Islands to the Solo- 
mon group. 
+ 42. CACATUA SULPHUREA (Gm.). 
Sulphurous Cockatoo. 
According to Mr. Hartert (Nov. Zool. 1897, 165) this form embraces three 
subspecies. They are: 
1. The typical Cacatua sulphurea.^) 
a. Psittacus sulphureus (1) Gm., S. N. 1788, I, 330 (ex Briss. and Edwards); (2) S. Mllll., 
Verb. Natuurk. Comm. 1839 — 44, 90, 182; id., Peizen Ind. Arch. 1857, 12; (3) 
Puss, Fremdl. Stubenvog. 1881, IV, 655 — 658. 
h. Psittacus cristatus (1) LabilL, Voy. a la Pecbercbe de la Perouse 1791 — 92, II, 301, 
c. Cacatua sulphurea fij VieilL, N. D. 1817, XVII, 10; (2) Scbb. Mus. P.-B. Psitt. 1864, 
137, pt.; (3) Fraser, P. Z. S. 1865, 227; (3^'^) Scbb, Ned. Tdscbr. Dierk. 1866, 
ni,319,321; (4) Garrod., P. Z- S. 1873, 460, fig. 6 (carotids), 461, 465, (5) id., ib. 1874, 
587, 588, 591, 595; (6) Scbb, Pev. Psitt. 1874, 66; (7) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. 1875, VH, 644; ("SJ Brllggem., Abb. Ver. Bremen, 1876, V, 37; (9) Posenb., 
1) Many authors spell this word ^‘sulfurea”, but this is not the original spelling of Gmelin, nor in- 
deed the more correct. 
