236 
Birds of Celebes: Bucerotidae. 
Oin. Pap. 1880j I, 401, (10) . Bias., Ztsclir. ges. Orii. 1885, 249; (11) Hickson, 
Hat. in H. Celebes 1889, 20; (XII) Meyer, Yogelskel. 1892, pt. XVH, 43, pi. CLXIX. 
d. Hydroeissa exaratus (1) Bp., Csp. 1850, I, 90; (2) Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. 1884, III, 210. 
e. Anorrhinus exaratus (1) Bp., Consp. Yol. Anisocl. 1854, 2] (2) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883,' 136. 
f. Hydroeissa exarata (I) Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. 1878, pp. XIX, XXIII, XXYHE, fig. 
head [enarhatus~Qvv.\ pi. 46, text; (2) Tristr., Oat. Coll. B. 1889, 95; (3) Heine & 
Bcbnw., Xomencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 169; (4) Hartert, Kat. Mus. Senckenb. 1891, 139. 
g. Penelopides exaratus (1) Hrant, Cat. B. XYII, 1892, 376; (2) Hart., Xov. Zook 1897, 164. 
Hhabdotorrhinus exaratus (1) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresden 1895, Xr. 8, p. 6; (2) iid., ib. 
1896, Xr. 1, p. 8; (3) iid., ib. 1896, Xr. 2, p. 11. 
“Karaka” (Meyer c 5), “Karkar” (Xat. Coll.), native Malay name, Minahassa. 
“Karokok”, Alfurous, X. Minahassa (M. c 9). 
“Kerek-kerek”, Tondano, Minahassa (M. c 9). 
“Hele-hele” (Bosenb. c 8). 
“Tolo-tolo”, Tjamba, S. Celebes (Platen c 10). 
•‘Tahutahu”, Tonkean, E. Celebes (Xat. Coll.). 
Figures and descriptions. Temminck a J; Y^alden c F; Elliot//; Meyer c A// (skeleton); 
Bruggeniann c 6\ W. Blasius c 10] Grant g 1. 
Old male. Sides of head including forehead, superciliary region, ear-coverts, 
cheeks, chin and throat pale lemon-yellow (soon fades into white); all other parts 
black, on back and wings strongly glossed with green; a low casque on bill, reach- 
ing to within 20 mm of the tip, rather sharply ridged along the culmen and furnished 
on the sides with 3 additional ridges and furrows (Manado, C 8119). “Iris red- 
brown; orbit citron-yellow” (Platen c 10). 
“Iris crimson, eyelashes black, orbit bright crimson; feet black, soles ochreous; 
bill pale horn-colour, casque dull ferruginous” (Doherty g 2). 
Younger male. Like the adult, but the bill much smaller and the casque- with its ridges and 
furrows imperfectly formed. In the old male and female the upper and lower man- 
dibles do not close, except at the hasal part and at the tip; in the young bird the 
edges seem to meet properly all along the bill (Paguatt, Sept., C 8117). 
Adult female. Like the male, but the sides of the head, chin and throat, like the rest of 
the plumage, black; size generally a little smaller (Manado, Xr. 7708). “Iris red- 
brown; orbit black” (Platen c 70). 
Measurements. Males — wing 218 — 252 mm; tail 180 — 222; rictus 88 — 102; length in the 
flesh 480 — 570; expanse 670 — 800; from tip of wing to tip of tail 150 — 170. 
Females — wing 205—233 mm; tail 176—203; rictus 83 — 98; length in the flesh 
450—500; expanse 650 — 760; from tip of wing to tip of tail 140 — 155 fBlasius and 
Platen c 10). 
Skeleton (juv.). 
Length of cran. fr. sut. nasofr. 
40.0 
mm 
Length of tars o -metatarsus 
45.0 
mm 
Greatest breadth of cranium . 
38.7 
» 
Length of digitus HI 
44.0 
» 
Length of humerus .... 
64.0 
» 
Length of sternum .... 
55.0 
» 
Length of ulna 
88.0 
» 
Greatest breadth of sternum . 
34.4 
» 
Length of radius 
81.0 
» 
Height of crista sterni . . . 
10.5 
» 
Length of manus 
59.0 
» 
Length of coracoideum . . . 
40.0 
» 
Length of metacarpus 
34.5 
» 
Length of scapula 
48.0 
» 
Length of digitus principalis . 
21.0 
» 
Ijength of clavicula .... 
30.5 
» 
Length of femur ..... 
54.5 
» 
Length of pelvis 
55.0 
» 
Length of tibia 
79.5 
» 
Greatest breadth of pelvis (pub.) 
35.0 
» 
Length of fibula 
28.5 
» 
