Birds of Celebes: Alcedinidae. 
297 
4 1. The typical Monachalcyon monachus. 
a. [Dacelo princeps Forsten in lit.]. 
b. Halcyon monachus [(1) Glray, Gen. B. I, 1846, 79, pt. (descr. null.)]; (2) Bp., Consp. 
1850, I, 154; (3) Cass., Cat. Hale. Pliilad. Mus. 1852, 8; (4) Wall., Ibis 1860, 
142; (5) Briiggem., Abb. Yer. Bremen 1876, Y, 50. 
c. Dacelo monachus [(1) Gray, List Fissirostr. Br. Mus. 1848, 53, pt. (descr. null.)]; (2) 
Blytb, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 1849, 46. 
d. Monachalcyon princeps (1) Wald., Tr. Z. 8. 1872, YHI, 43; (2) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. 1875, YH, 653, pt. ; (3) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 60; (4) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1880, 
I, 503; (5) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 135. 
e. Halcyon princeps (1) Cass., Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. 1852, 8. 
f. Paralcyon princeps (1) Bp., Consp. Yol. Anisod. 1854, 9. 
g. Dacelo princeps pt. (1) ScliL, Mus. P.-B. Alced. 1863, 24, pt.; (II) id.. Yog. Ned. Ind. 
Alced. 1864, 20, 53, pi. 7, fig. 1, 2 (only); (3) Gray, HL. 1869, I, 89; (4) Scbl, 
Bevue Alced. 1874, 16. 
Monachalcyon monachus (I) Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. 1870, 255, pi. 98, figs. 1, 2 (only); (2) 
Lenz, J. f. 0. 1877, 367; (3) Beichnw., J. f. O. 1883, 122; (4) GuilL. P. Z. S. 
1885, 547, pt.; (5) Tristr., Cat. Coll. B. 1889, 94; (6) Heine & Bchnw., Nomencl. 
Mus. Hein. 1890, 168; (7) Sharpe, Cat. B. XYH, 1892, 294; (8) M. & Wg., Abh. 
Mus. Dresden 1896, Nr. 2, 13; (9) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 562. 
h. Actenoides hombroni (1) Beichnw. (nec Bp.)., J. f. 0. 1877, 218. 
i. Monachalcyon monachus monachus (1) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1897, 163. 
“Eadja udan kapala biru” (King of the crabs with blue head), Minahassa, Malay, Meyer d 5, 
Nat. Coll. 
“Kikis tambo”, Minahassa, Alfurous, Meyer d 3. 
Figures and descriptions. Sharpe 7, 7; Schlegel g II, g 1', Briiggemann h 5. 
Adult male. General colour above green-olive, tail, upper tail-coverts and outer webs of 
primaries washed with verditer-blue ; entire head, including ear-coverts and malar 
region, dark Cliina-blue, paler on sides; chin and throat white; remaining under 
parts orange-cinnamon-rufous, continuous with a narrow collar round neck darker 
and redder, scarcely meeting behind; under wing-coverts pale huffy cinnamon. 
Bill red (near Manado, Aug. — Sept., C 10860, March, Nr. 6148). 
Young [male]. Two specimens, about a fortnight out of the nest, are just like the adult male, 
but with the breast crossed with wavy lines of dusky; the lores and forehead touched 
with cinnamon; bill short, tip a little bent down, horn-brown, yellowish in places, 
especially towards tip (Manado tua Id., 8. lY. 93, C 12257, Lotta, Minahassa, 14. lY. 93, 
C 12256). 
Female. Like the adult male, but with only the upper part of head blue — malar region, 
ear-coverts, sub- and supra-orbital region, lores, and bases of feathers of forehead, 
cinnamon- rufous like the under surface, but darker except above the eye; chin and 
throat wood-brown (Manado, March, C 2286). Three other specimens, marked female 
(0 2285, Nr. 6152, 6151) have a greater or less amount of greyish blue on the malar 
region, ear-coverts and under the eye. 
Observation. From the circumstance that the specimen (Nr. 6151) with most blue on the 
sides has a somewhat shorter and more immature-looking bill, we believe that the 
young female will be found to resemble the male, having the entire sides of the 
head blue, but that in the adult female these parts gradually become cinnamon- 
rufous, whereas the old male hardly differs from the young. Briiggemann (h 5) 
Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes (Oct. 30th 1897). Qg 
