318 
Birds of Celebes : Caprimulgidae. 
brown; scapulars and wing-coverts with more or less bright buff patches, the 
former mostly velvety brownish black; first primary deep brown, a large spot on 
the inner web and a broad white patch across both webs of the next three pri- 
maries, often an indication of a white spot on the fifth quill; secondaries deep 
brown, with narrow interrupted rufous bars, the two outer pairs of rectrices 
largely tipped with white, these tips varying in extent, being generally about 2 inches 
(50 mm) in length; chin and sides of throat rufous brown, finely barred with 
blackish brown; throat with a very large white spot, bordered at the lower part 
with deep black; abdomen rufous buff, barred with brown. Total length about 
292 mm; wing 180—198 (about 190 on an average); tail 142—160; tarsus 17.8, 
feathered in front for almost its whole length (Hartert a 14). Iris blackish brown; 
biU black; feet and claws reddish brown (Gould 3). 
Adult female. Differs from the adult male in having the outer web of the first primary 
spotted with rufous, in having pale rufous marks on the primaries instead of white 
ones, in the tips to the outer rectrices being less in extent and tinged with buff or 
rufous, speckled with brown on the tip of the outer weh (Hartert a 14). 
Young. The markings less developed, the young male has the white patches on the primaries 
and rectrices tinged with rufous and less in extent. The nestling is covered with 
huffy down (Hartert a 14). 
Distribution. Almost the whole of Australia (Ramsay S); Hew Britain; Aru; Hew Guinea; 
Waigiou; Halmahera; Obi; Ceram; Burn; Celebes — Gorontalo; Timorlaut; Timor; 
Lombok; Java; Borneo; PalaAvan; ? Philip23ines ; Sumatra; Malacca (Salvad. a 6, 
a 10, Bruggem. a 5, Everett a 12, Hartert a 14, a 15)', Saleyer and Djam2)ea 
(Everett a 20)', Sumbawa (Doherty a 20). 
2. Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus (Tick.). 
c. Caprimulgus albonotatus (1) Tick., J. A. S. B. 1842, XI, 580; (2) Jerd., B. Ind. 1862, 
I, 194; (3) Hume, Str. F. 1875, III, 45; (4) id., ib. 1878, VI, 58; (5) Hartert, 
Cat. B. XVI, 1892, 540 (subsp.) partim; (6) Blanford, Fauna Br. Ind. B. IH, 1895, 
1 88, pt. 
d. Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus (1) Hartert, Ibis 1892, 282; (2) id. Tierreich, 1897,1,54. 
Diagnosis. Differs from the typical macrurus in being altogether a larger bird (wing 229 nmi, 
against 197 — 203 in macrurus), both above and below altogether a lighter coloured 
and more huffy bird, with broader white or huffy or creamy white margins to the 
scajDulars and wing feathers, and with the whole lower parts comparatively uniform; 
whereas in macrurus the breast is much darker and contrasts strongly with the much 
paler abdomen (Hume c 4). 
Variation. Specimens from the plains of Horth-western India are very light coloured; the 
markings paler brown (than in the typical macrurus), the scapulars less brilliantly 
marked, the dark spots on the crown less numerous, narrower, and more confined to 
the middle of the crown; wings very long; loAver parts very strongly tinged with j3ale 
sandy rufous. Wing 203 — 218 mm; tail 165 — 178 [as against 180 — 198 and 142 — 160 
respectively in the typical macrucus], (Hartert c 5). 
Distribution. India throughout the Himalayas at low elevations, in the Horth-west Provinces, 
Bengal, Chutia Hagpur, and Raipur, and in Burma (Blanford). 
3. Caprimulgus macrurus — albonotatus. 
e. Caprimulgus nipalensis [Hodgs., Icon. ined. in Mus. Brit.], (1) Hartert, Ibis 1892, 283. 
f. Caprimulgus macrurus (1) Hume, Str. F. 187S, VI, 58; (2) Oates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, 
