Birds of Celebes; Muscicapidae. 
383 
Sooloo, Tablas, Eomblon, Sibuyan, Cebu (Steer e, Platen, Everett, Bourns & 
Worcester, etc.) — by its having, when adult, the two middle tail-feathers 
produced only about 5 mm beyond the others, instead of about 35 mm, and by 
its brighter and more orange plumage. The paler immature bird, which we 
have received from Salibabu as well as from Kabruang, resembles the young of 
Z.rufus (separated as Z . cinnamomeus by Sharpe), but differs, as shown (1)^ in 
certain points. 
GENUS MONARCHA Vig. Horsf. 
Structurally similar to Zeocepkus^ but the tail much shorter than the wing, 
and the middle pair of rectrices not lengthened, the bill somewhat smaller, the 
culmen from the suture about as long as the tarsus and barely as long as the 
cranium. The genus is found from Australia as far as Talaut, Sangi, Sula, 
Djampea, and Timor. 
135. MONARCHA COMMUTATUS Brtigg. 
Sangi Grey-and-rufous Flycatcher. 
Plate XVI. 
a. Monarcha commutata (1) Briiggem., Abh. Yer. Bremen 1876, Y. 68. 
h. Monarcha inornatus partim (1) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1881, II, 14 (Celebes). 
Monarcha commutatus (1) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 120, 156, 161; Meyer, Isis, Dresden 
1884, 6, 22; (3) id., Ztscbr. ges. Orn. 1886, 24; (4) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 580, 641; 
(5) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 14. 
“Tarumisi kaooraneng”, Siao, Nat. Coll. 
Descriptions. W. Blasius i; Meyer 2; Briiggemann a T. 
Adult. Upper surface, throat and upper chest slate-grey, slightly washed with olive- 
grey; remaining under parts dark orange-rufous; forehead and chin at the 
immediate base of bill blackish; wings and tail dusky, the exposed parts of the 
feathers washed with the colour of the upper surface. Bill lead-colour with patches 
of silvery, tips whitish (Siao, 25. YI. 93; Nat. Coll. — C 12623). 
Young. Wings and tail fulvescent; front and chin less black; fore-neck below sensibly 
tinted with cinnamon (Meyer 2 — Great Sangi). It is not impossible that this may 
be racially distinct from the Siao form. 
Measurements. 
Wing 
Tail 
a. (Darmst. Mus. type ex 2) ad. N. Celebes? . 
h. (Dresden Mus.) ad. Siao ....... 
c. (C 12623) ad. Siao, 25. YI. 93 
d. (C 12624) ad. Siao, 27. YI. 93 
e. (C 12622) ad. Siao' 18. YI. 93 
86 
79 
87 
80 
82 
72 
— 
73 
87 
74 
Tarsus 
Bill from 
nostril 
jl7— 18 
: 18 
i 18 
I 18.5 
i 18.5 
13.5 
13 
13 
Distribution. Sangi Islands; Siao (Meyer 2, Nat. Coll, in Dresden and Tring Museums), 
Great Sangi (Meyer 2); ? Celebes — near Manado (Fischer a 1,1). 
