INDEX 
489 
Prosthemadera in the Auckland isles, 
408 
Protection, various modes in which 
animals obtain it, 50, 51, 136 
greater need of, in female insects 
and birds, 80 
Protective colouring, theory of, 47 
Protective colours, theory of, 360 
Psittaci (Parrots), sexual colouring 
aud nidification of, 126 
Psittacula diopthalma, sexual differ- 
ence of colour of, 353 
Pterosauria, 164 
Pterylography, 332 
Ptychoderes, 67 
Pyramid, the great, 430 
the great, indicates an earlier 
civilisation, 431 
Pythons, 304 
Rabbits, why white-tailed, 368 
Races of man, origin of, 178 
Rainbow, how described by ancient 
writers, 413 
Rainfall at London and Batavia, dia- 
gram of, 228 
greatest recorded at Batavia, 235 
Raphia tsedigera, 249 
Rattan-palms, 249 
Recognition, use of diversity of 
colour as a means of, 154 (note) 
aided by colour, 367 
Redbreast and wood -pigeon, protective 
colouring of, 40 
Redstart, imitating notes of chaffinch 
and blackcap, 105 
Reed, Mr. , on humming-birds in Juan 
Fernandez, 328 
Reeks, Mr. Henry, on change of nest- 
ing habits in the herring-gull, 115 
Representative groups, 8 
of trogons, butterflies, etc. , 10 
Reptiles, protective colouring of, 40 
abundant in tropics, 301 
Rhamphastidse, sexual colouring and 
nidification of, 125 
Rhamphococcyx, 297 
Rhinoceros, ancestral types of, 165 
Ring-doves building nests in confine- 
ment, 110 
River system, as illustrating self- 
adaptation, 149 
Rudimentary organs, 17 
Salvin, Mr. Osbert, on a case of bird 
mimicry, 75 
on the pugnacity of humming- 
birds, 319, 380 
Saturnia pavonia - minor, protective 
colouring of larva of, 46 
Sauba ant, 282 
Sauropterygia, 164 
Savages, why they become extinct, 
177 
undeveloped intellect of, 190, 192 
intellect of, compared with that 
of animals, 192, 193 
protect their backs from rain, 196 
Saxifraga longi folia, 404 
S. cotyledon, S. oppositifolia, 404 
Scansorial birds, nests of, 123 
Scaphura, 70 
Science, debt of, to Darwin, 450 
Scopnlipedes, brush-legged bees, 65 
Scorpions, 291 
Screw-pines, 255 
Scudder, Mr., on fossil insects, 165 
Scutelleridse, mimicked by Longicorns, 
69 
Scythrops, 297 
Seedling plants, Darwin’s observa- 
tions on, 467 
Seeds, how protected, 399 
vitality of, in salt water deter- 
mined by Darwin, 469 
experiments on transmission of, 
by birds, 469 
Sensitive-plants, 262 
Sesia bombiliformis, 64 
Sesiidae, mimic Hymenoptera, 64 
Sexes, comparative importance of, in 
different classes of animals, 78 
of butterflies differently coloured 
for recognition, 367 
Sexual colours, 352 
theory of, 364 
Sexual selection, its normal action to 
develop colour in both sexes, 129 
among birds, 154 
not a cause of colour, 369 
neutralised by natural selection, 
378 
Shell-mounds, ancient, in Maine, 435 
ancient, in Florida, 436 
ancient, on Lower Mississippi, 436 
ancient, at San Pablo, California, 
436 
