108 
Guide to Arachnida. 
No bl 25 CaSe b a * rs ’ but the legs of the posterior pairs have 
two claws (except in the family Triaenonychidae, in which all 
the legs are furnished with a single claw, which differs, however, 
from that of the Palpatores in being armed with lateral processes). 
The Laniatores (see Fig. 70) are divided into a number of 
families and have a wide distribution ; they are mostly tropical 
forms and are especially numerous in South America. A few 
small species occur in Europe and North America. 
Sub-order II. — PALPATORES. 
In the Palpatores the palp is slender and the claw is small and 
weak ; it is used as a tactile organ. A single claw is present on 
the legs of all four pairs. 
The sub-order Palpatores, which is cosmopolitan in distribution, 
and comprises almost all the European species, is the only one 
which has representatives in Great Britain. There are twenty- 
three or twenty-four British Opiliones, and nearly all of them 
belong to the family Phalangiidae. One of them ( Phalangium 
opilio ) is common on walls, and other species are abundant under 
stones, amongst herbage, grass, etc. 
Perhaps the most remarkable of the 
members of this sub-order are those be- 
longing to the family Trogulidae. They 
are hard- skinned forms and have the 
front part of the cephalothorax produced 
forwards to form a hood, which conceals 
the mouth and chelicerae. Two genera 
(Anelasmocephalus and Trogulus ) belong- 
ing to this family have been found in this 
country. 
Sub-oeder III.— ANEPIGNATHI. 
Stylocellus sumatranus. ~ 
x 2 One ot the most important distin- 
guishing characters in these Opiliones is 
the position of the orifices of the stink-glands, which are placed 
on the summit of prominent cones or tubercles. By the earlier 
students of the group these cones were mistaken for stalked eyes. 
The palp is slender and its claw minute. 
There is a single family, the Sironidae, the members of which 
chiefly occur in the East Indies and Ceylon. A species has also 
been found in South Africa, and another on the West Coast of 
