1877.] 
AMERIC AM AQRIC ULTURIST. 
promise, but are yet to be generaJly tested, Theie 
are new varieties not yet offered, superior to any 
yet in cultivation, but have yet to be tested. 
Oooseberries.—Thesa are propagated and treated 
In the same manuer as currants. While this Is one 
of the most popular fmits in Europe, the kinds so 
successful there are well nigh worthless in our hot 
summers, and we have had to rely on our native 
seedlings. The grafting as standards, upon the 
Missouri currant, promises to allow us to enjoy 
the choicest English kinds ; a full account o£ these 
was given in September last. Of the natives the 
Downing is best ; the Mountain, Houghton, and 
Smith's seedlings are all very productive. 
Baspberries. — The choicest varieties are tender, 
and unless they can be laid down and covered with 
earth for the winter, they should not be planted. 
Brinckle's Orange, Red Antwerp, and Franconia, 
belong to this class. The Philadelphia is a poor 
berry, but gives a large crop, and is quite hardy. 
The Brandywine, Highland Hardy, and Herstine are 
among the best hardy sorts. Blackcaps are liked 
by many ; of these the Doolittle, and Mammoth 
Cluster are among the best. The Black-caps are 
propagated by layering the tips of the shoots ; the 
others multiply by suckers. 
Strawberries are so easily managed, and so per- 
sistently propagate themselves, there is no reason 
why every farmer's family should not have the fruit 
three times a day, during their season, besides a 
surplus to sell at the nearest village. Any one 
who can cultivate potatoes can grow strawberries, 
as there is no plant, the management of which is 
more simple, as we shall show at the proper time. 
We now attend to the selection of varieties, having 
reference to home use and a near market. The 
Wilson is the popular market berry, but it is not 
desirable forfamily use ; Chas. Downing is superior 
to it in every respect, save femness, which adapts 
it to shipping. We regard the Charles Downing as 
the most generally useful berry for home cultiva- 
tion. Nicanor, Seth Boyden, and Kentucky are 
other well tested sorts. Monarch of the West, and 
Star of the West, promise well. In certain local- 
ities, with rich, strong soils. President Wilder, 
Triomphe de Gaud, Jucunda, and others are valu- 
able, and each year new varieties are offered, which 
those who can afford tbe money and time may 
test. The plants should be from last year's run- 
ners, and not old clumps split up ; set as soon as 
the frost is out, and if well cultivated during the 
season, they wiU give a full crop next year. 
Ill Vie SoKthern States planting of all kinds may 
be done, gi-ape vines pruned and trained, and every- 
thing put in order for an early start. 
Kitclien Crarden. 
As we have hinted with regard to fruit culture, a 
farmer may often sell from his Kitchen Garden 
enough to pay all its expenses, and it is very easy, 
where there is a demand for fresh vegetables, to 
extend the kitchen garden into a market garden, 
the management of the two being nearly the same. 
Indeed, as before hinted, in all localities near mar- 
kets, fanners find their profit, if not in market 
gardening proper, in what we may call farm gar- 
dening. In market gardening, a large portion of 
the products are of a perishable nature, like lettuce, 
radishes, etc., and must be marketed at onoe, while 
farm gardening is devoted to crops in larger de- 
mand, and which are more permanent, such as 
cauliflowers, celery, onions, and the root-crops. 
Some, near New York, get a larger net profit fcom 
a single acre of spinach, than othcrs»do from a 
farm of 30 acres. In localities where there are 
large express, rail-road, or other stables, carrots are 
in demand, and we have known a farmer to make 
from .5IT.5 to ?300 per acre on these roots. It is 
only in thickly settled communities, or with easy 
access to a good market, that these returns are 
possible, but it is well for every farmer Ihus locat- 
ed, to find out if there is not some such crop that 
he may grow with [iroflt. 
Books. — Henderson's "Gardening for Profit," 
Quinn'8 " Money in the Garden," and Brill's " Farm 
Gardening and Seed Raising," may all be studied with 
benefit, each contains something the others do not. 
Varieties. — Next month we shall, as usual, enumer- 
ate the most profitable varieties and the novelties. 
Piants in CoM Frames must be aii'ed whenever the 
outside temperature will allow. 
Freparatory and other work. — Keep the manure 
pile increasing Overhaul and repair botched 
sashes or make new ones.... Make a supply of 
straw mats for early spring use See that the 
leaves or litter are not blown away from spinach or 
other covered crops Roots and celery in trenches 
will need more covering as the cold increases 
Repair implements and make mai'kers and all other 
conveniences likely to be needed Overhaul the 
seeds on hand, and throw away all doubtful ones. 
At the South. — ^Put in early potatoes, on light 
soils ; on heavy soUs ne3rt, month is better Sow 
at onee hardy vegetables, s "ch as peas, radishes, 
lettuce, spinach, etc., and at intervals for succession 
The root crops, beets, carrots, parsnips and sal- 
sify, ai-e sown in the last^ half of the month 
Prepare hot-beds and sow early cabbages. 
Flo-wer Cnai-den and I^a^fii. 
Our notes on other matters are so fuU that this 
department must wait until another month for de- 
tails. The principal thing to be done is to prevent 
injury to the trees and shi-ubs. Some thoughtless 
people, when snow affords sleighing, will drive any 
where across the grounds, often to the injury of 
choice shrubs. Have the drive way, if need be, 
defined by stakes and stretch a fence-wire to keep 
off such persons Evergreens are often loaded 
with . snow, which should be shaken off before it 
becomes hard and icy ; if the lower branches are 
covered in a deep snow, this should be shoveled 
away, to prevent breaking the limbs as the snow 
settles after it has frozen to them. 
In the Southern States. — Prune roses and flowering 
shrubs generally Camellias out of doors, and 
about to bloom, should he surrounded by a frame, 
over which a cloth can be thrown in unusually cold 
weather, to protect the buds. 
<j}i"eeMlioiisc and W^iii«lo'»v Plants. 
The treatment of plants in mndows is not essen- 
tially different from that for those in greenhouses, 
but in the latter case the conditions being more 
under control, the matter is much easier.... Bring 
bulbs and other plants that have been potted for 
forcing into the greenhouse, or dwelling room ; 
starting a few at a time for a succession of bloom 
Water only as the plants need it ; more plants 
are killed by keeping the soil soaked and soggy, 
than by theother extreme Give air on mild days, 
but avoid cold drafts On very cold nights re- 
move house-plants back from the window, and 
cover with a sheet or newspapers ...Cover the 
plants when the room is swept, occasionally wash 
smooth leaves with warm water applied by a 
sponge ; shower the plants with rough or downy 
leaves Insects are not difficult to keep down if 
taken as soon as they appear. Smoke in the green- 
house, and tobacco water for window plants, kills 
lice or "green fiy. " Frequent showering and 
washing removes the red spider ; mealy bugs can 
be picked off with a pointed stick, and scale re- 
moved by the use of a brush and warm soap suds. 
Sow seed of Sweet Alyssimi, Mignonette, and 
other annuals for blooming later. 
Crops in <"»corg"ia. — Circular No. 33 is- 
sued by tbe State Dopartmciit (if AgricuUmc of Georgia, 
by tbe Coraniisi^ioncr, Boot. Janes, pivcs a consolidated 
rt'port of crops of 187G, with the general averages of yield. 
Corn is given as yielding 22 per cent more tliaii tbe crop 
of 1875, and tbe breadth planted as 10 per cent greater ; 
a total increase of 31 per cent over last year. The cost 
per bushel is .13 cents against r>8 cents last year. Cotton 
lias yielded 3 ]mm' cent less than last year, and its cost of 
production is about one cent anda quarter per pound loss 
than tliat of 1S75. Tbis reduction is due to tbe inereased 
home production of jirovisions and supplies, a result 
wbieb is to be credited, jierbaps entirely, but cei-l:iiiily in 
great part, to the valuable and siiroes^^fal labors of tlie 
Department. No farmer or planter in Georgia, or the 
neighborijig States, c;ui afford to neglect tbe study of the 
circulars issued by the Georgia Agricuiraral Department 
Commeroial Matters— Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tallies, care- 
fnlly prepared specially for the American AgiicuUurUt. 
from our daily record daring the year, show at a glance 
the transactions for the month ending Dec. 12th, 1S76 
and for tbe corresponding month last year; 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUB NKW YORK MARKKTS. 
Receipts. Flour. WlieaL. Corn. line, liarletj OaOt 
24 U's (//M nrt.li33r.,O0O 2.S67.S00 a.SSS.r.OO 126,000 5611,000 1 050 000 
26 d's lam m'Ui331,80O 2,196,000 2,Si5,000 207,000 419,000 1,437,000 
Sai.ks. Flnur. Whe'U. Corn. Hue. linrlert Oats 
21 (I's l/iis m'tliSaiOllO 2,414,000 2,337,000 97,000 31i' OW 923 000' 
26 d's /rt.vt ni'tli312,000 2,117,000 8,613,000 141,000 199.000 l,436l000 
3. Comparison with name period at ttii.'i time la-'it j/ear. 
liKCBlPTS. Flour. Wlieat. Corn. Rye. Barleti. Oats. 
24 days 1878. .335,000 2.267,800 2,3.58.500 126,000 560.000 1,050,000 
26 days 1875. .889,000 3.115,000 1,904.00-3 42,000 207,000 796,000 
Sales. Flour. \Vlie<a. Corn. Uiie. Barley. Gals. 
24 days 1876- -381,000 2,414,000 2,387.000 97,030 312.000 923,000 
26 days ISra.. 401,000 3,769,000 l,liS6,D00 74,000 502,000 1.812,0M 
3. Stock of grain in store at New York. 
Wlieat. Corn. Hue. ISarley. Oais. Malt. 
busli. busli. busb. biisti. bush, bush, 
Dec. 11,1876. .3,110.283 3,385,554 213,M1 S73..?I0 1,182.322 512.041 
Nov. 8. 1876.. 2,018,233 3,206.003 294,»il 47S,141 l,0f.a.S91 495.610 
Oct. 9, 1876.. 1,931,893 1,195 387 155,305 91,245 S25.1S7 421,751 
Aug. 7, 1871). .2,831,299 901,557 91,960 53,914 1,232,895 431,803 
Apr. 10, 1876. .3,393,074 232,110 68,429 200,381 706,282 436,942 
,Jan. 10, 1876. .5,808,293 6(3.982 100,741 325,1911,080,300 307,438 
Dec. 7, 1875.. 5,878,036 816.962 99,908 305,961 1,2.52.005 25S,SW 
May 11, 1875... 969,804 1,542,924 16,124 16,537 545,209 229,tiS 
4, ExporlAfrom Neio York. Jan. 1, to Dec. 9. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rije. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
bbls. busli. busli. busIi. bush, busli. bush. 
1876.1,779,840 23,183,471 16,028,165 1,209,167 88,097 617,376 654,859 
1875,1,789,299 25,054,035 12,495,349 152,952 1,505 133,754 41.5,019 
1874.2,055,423 33,700,1.59 18,329,781 641,661 3,320 110,334 125,553 
CURRKNT WHOI.KSALII PRICES. 
Nov. 13. Dec. 12. 
PnioE OP Gold 101(3-4 107 1-4 
Flour— Super to E.'Jtra State T4 23 ©5 75 *5 00 A 5 90 
Super to E.\tra Southern.... 4 25 la 8 25 5 Ou (^ 8 50 
Extra Western 5 15 ® 9 50 5 5(i e 9 75 
Extra tJenesee 5 75 (& 6 75 5 85 @ 6 85 
SuperllDG Western 4 25 @ 5 OO 5 Oil @ 5 50 
liVE Flour 2 50 @ 5 10 3 00 a 5 20 
Corn-Mkai 2 65 Ci 3 4' 2 70 @ 3 50 
BccKwnEAT Flouk,?! 100 US 3 00 @ S 40 3 35 ® S '^ 
U'nBAT— All kinds or White. 1 25 ® 1 10 1 25 @ 1 50 
All kinds or lied and Amber. 1 05 i» 1 37 1 00 ® 1 50 
Corn— Tellow 59 la 52 56 @ 61 
Mixed 55 ® ma 55 @ 60 
White 68 S 62 .50 @ 59 
Oats— Western 30 @ 45 33K® 45 
State 44 ® 51 46'® 50 
UVK T2>4@ 92 80 @ 95 
Harley 75 @ 1 IS CS @ 1 15 
Httokwheat 75 @ 85 83 ® 85 
Barley Malt 75 ® 1 SO 75 ® 1 25 
llAV— lliile, 19 lOOtts 55 ® 90 50 ® 90 
SrRAW, H) 100 11.8 45 &. 90 45 @ 90 
COTTO.v- Middlings. V Ik... 123^® 12% 18J^@ 12X 
lloes— Crop 0/1876. W III 21 ® 33 15 ® S3 
old,P1b 4 @ 20 10 @ 20 
I''EA'rnER3— Ijve tleese, ?* tti 50 @ 57K 45 @ 5S 
Skkd— Clover, HI 111 . 15 ® 15!< ISVjCs 16 
Tlinotliy. HI biislicl 195@200 190 a IK 
Flax. V bushel 1 5-. ® 1 60 1 60 @ 1 65 
Sugar- Ecn'g*; Grocervicni S)^® 105^ S^'W IIJJ 
Moi.ASsns, Ciiiia. »lcal.5i)test 35 ® SO 38 @ 40 
New Orleans, new crop,^ g.ll 55 @ 05 50 ® 60 
CoFFKK-Kio(Uold) 16<,-@ 19!< 16,Si8 20 
'I'ORACCO, Keiiliicky, &c..?'1l'. 6 @ 18 6 (it 18 
Seed Leal, ?) lb m® 50 4.>i(S 60 
Wool- Domestic Fleece, fl lb 30 ® 52}< SO a 59 
Domestic, pulled, V lb 25 ® 45 22 S 40 
Ualironiiii, spring clip, 15 ® SO 15 B » 
California fsll clip 12 9 23 IS ® 22 
TALl.ow,»Ib SX® 6K 8 w 834 
On..CAKK-?l ton 38 60 @S9 00 37 00 ®r.7 .50 
I'ORIC— .Mess, V barrel .... — @17 00 16 75 el6S;x 
Prime, ?) barrel — ® — — ®14 00 
Ukef— Plain mess 8 00 ®10 CO 10 00 @1I 50 
Lard, in trcs. & hbis, itlOOIb 10 25 ®11 00 10 00 ®10 8!X 
liuiTKR- State, Vlb 22 ® SS 22 ® 37 
Western, poor to fancy, ?^ lb. 16 ® 35 16 ® 36 
CnEKSE.. .. 5 @ 13X 6 ® IS 
liRANS— «1 bushel ISO ® 2 75 150 ®2M 
PEAs-Canada, inbond, ?> bu 93 ® 93H 90 ® 93 
EOQS—Fresb,^ dozen .... 25 ® SO 28 ® SS 
PonLTBY— Fowls 10 ® 15 S a U 
Turkevs— Wlb 10 @ 16 9 @ 16 
Geese," IS pair 125 ®200 125 ®200 
Geese, ?i lb 10 @ 16 7 18 IS 
Ducks, ^ pair 60 ® 90 50 ® 1 Oi) 
Roosters, ?llb S ® 9 6 @ 8 
ChickeiLs. dry pick'dB 10 ® 18 9 ® IS 
Grouse, »lpair 50 ® 1 00 50 ® 90 
I'ARTRiiiGE.SHdoz SO ® 75 40 @ 90 
Ducks, Wild. ^ pair 55 ® 1 .50 25 ® 1 90 
Quail, ?t dozen 1 50 @ 1 75 1 23 ® 1 50 
VKNISON,»l!b 9 ® 17 S ® 18 
Uauuits, *1 pair 20 ® S5 30 ® SS 
Hares, ?i pair 40 ® 60 40 ® 60 
Turnips Sbbl 75 9 90 75 ® — 
(^AnsvOES-?) 100 S00®700 300 ©700 
Onions-?) bbl 1 50 ® 2 75 100 ® 2 75 
POTATOES-*) bbl 2 00 ®S00 2 50 ® 3 S7X 
Sweet rorATOKS-»<bbl 3 00 ® 3 .50 3 CO « 4 00 
(Cauliflower, ?)bbl — ® — 1 00 ffl 2 .50 
Urooji.corn 3 lit S S>t® 8 
OllEKN Peas, ?) busli 1 50 ® I ,55 1 W ® 1 45 
Tomatoes, ?) bskt 75 ® 1 83 ,— ® — 
CRANUERRIES-?) Ilbl 7 50 «10(0 7 00 ((i 9 50 
derate 2G2S«3«) 275 ® 3 00 
Appi.ks-JI barrel .50 ® 2 00 75 ® 2 00 
Squash, Plibl 73 ® 90 1 (0 ® 1 75 
GKAPKS,?)n> S « " * « y 
CIDER, ?)gal 6 ® 12 7 » 9 
Gold has boon np to 10flJ(, and down to 107, closing 
Dec. 12, at 107ki, as against lOD'^ for Nov. 12: 109 on 
Oct. 12, and lll'i on .Tuly 12, 18711, and 114-1^ on the 13th 
of Dec.. 1875 . . The month's business has been .again sc- 
rimi-ly impeded in all branches by the political excitc- 
nu'iit ; as also by the variable cable reports as to the po- 
liticiil situation abniad. and tbe course of tbe foreign 
