24.2 
AMERICAN AG-niCULTURIST. 
[July, 
Contents for July, 1877. 
Among the Farmers 254 
Balance of Trade 255 
Bee Notes for July Illustrated. . 24!) 
Boys and Girls' Columns — Akee Fruit— Doctor's Cor- 
respondence — Surinam Toad — About the "Puzzling 
Puzzle "—Aunt Sue's Puzzle Box— Aunt Sue's 
Chats— Going to the Reservation. 9 lllustraiions . . 265-368 
Cider Making and Presses Illustrated.. 2QQ 
Compressed Meats, Manufacture of 2T5 
Corn-Crib and shelling-Room, Rat-Proof. .lUusirated..^^^ 
Com, Planting in Drills 259 
Cow, A Good Jersey lUuHrated. . 259 
Drain-Pipe, To Clear a Choked . . Illustrated. . 259 
Ducks Management of. 5 llhistratiojis. .^t 
Flower Garden and Lawn in July 244 
Flowers, Something About Alpine ^Illustrations.. XI 
Fruit Garden in July 244 
Gate.ARustic Illustrated. XO 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in July 244 
Hill-Sides, To Prevent Washing Illustrated.. iSS 
Hints and Helps for Farmers 7 Illustrations.. 250 
Hay Harvesting Machinery 2 lUustratiom . .250 
Honseliold Department — Iron Pot Scrubber — Home- 
Made Toasting-Fork— Home Topics- -Sending Post- 
age Stamps— Eggs, How to Serve. 3 Illustrations . .^Joir-^lQn 
Honse Plan i I/lustrations . .iSH 
Irrigation of Crops and Meadows 257 
Kitchen and Market Garden in July 244 
Locusts S Illust7'ations..!ii9 
Market Reports for July 245 
New York Horticultural Sociely 275 
Notes from the Pines Illustrated . .2S3 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 89.— Farm-Village Question 
-Agricultural Department— Calf with "Scours" 251-252 
Orchard and Nursery in July 243 
Pig as a Manufacturer 258 
Pigeons, New Species of Illustrated.. 2il 
Potato-Bug and Paris Green 274 
Potato Digger and Cultivator 2 Illustra>ions..iM) 
Roads, Rejjairing B Illustrations. .259 
Science Applied to Farming 250 
Sheep, Improved Kentucky Illustrated. . 253 
Sluice-Gate, Automatic Tide- Water.. .3 Illustrations.. 2oS 
Spruce, Colorado 262 
Stanchion , Method of Fastening Illustrated. . 258 
Talk on Farm Crops 255 
What is Thorough-bred ? 275 
Work, Hints About, for July 242 
INDEX TO "BASKET," OR SHORTEK ARTICLES. 
Alfalfa in Texas : 
Bee Trees, How to Find. 273 
Berkshire Ri-cord 24^ 
Cattle, Rearing and Feed- 
ing 24S 
Cattle. Ringworm in 274 
Cement Roof 248 
Chemist, An E.xcellent. . ,246 
Chicken Lice, How to 
GetRidof 248 
Chickens, Rearing for 
Market 24S 
Clydesdai eStnd-Book . '. '. /MB 
Compost of Fish and Plas- 
ter 248 
Corn-Fodder, Foolish 
Statement About 273 
Corn in Canada 274 
Cow, Doings of a Name- 
less 274 
Crops, When to Sell 246 
Dram. How to Make a 
Stone 248 
Ducks, Pekin 274 
Eggs, Artificial Hatching 
of 274 
Eggs, Preservation of. . , 274 
Fanning Region, Fine, at 
the West 246 
Fistula, Care of 274 
Gapes. How to Prevent. .24S 
Garget, An Old 24S 
Garget, Treatment of 248 
Gladwin 274 
Green Fodder, Ensilage 
of 248 
Grubs in Sheep 274' 
Horse, Blindness of 248 
Horse. How to Throw... 248 
Humbugs. Sundry 246 
Logs, Blasting 248 
Mare, Breeding an Old.. 273 
Milk, Bitter 248 
Milker, Remedy for a 
Hard.... 273 
Pleuro-pneumonia,Treat- 
ment of 274 
Plow for Lands which 
Wash. Subsoil 248 
Poll-evil 248 
Poultry. Sests for 273 
Poultry. Salt for 247 
Punch to Mark 248 
Sawdust for Bedding. . .274 
Sheep for Wool and Mut- 
ton 274 
Sheep, Roots tor 273 
Spring House, Height of.274 
Stable Floors, Slatted. . . .248 
Stanchions or Stalls 274 
Steam and SteainEngines247 
Stiffness in a Mare 274 
Stumps, Getting Rid of.. 249 
Superfcetation 24S 
Swine Husbandry 246 
Swine, Standard of Ex- 
cellence for 273 
Too "Un-knowing," Too 
' Un-suspecting." 247 
Vetches 248 
Veterinary College, A- 
merican 248 
Wheat, Protecting Win- 
ter 274 
Xlie Pecnliarities of Jersey Co'ws. 
— " E. D. D.," Ezota, Minn. The Jersey cows are noted 
for their precocious milking capacity. Having been bred 
BO long with a view to early and copious production of 
milk of great richness, it is not at all strange that the 
Jersey heifers should show great precocity in this way. 
In one herd known to us, there were recently two virgin 
heifers giving milk, and taking their place at the pail 
with the cows. Another, a yearling, also known to us, was 
brought to milk by merely handling the udder and teats. 
It is nothing to be alarmed at, therefore, that a Jersey 
heifer should make a good-sized udder long before she is 
due to calve. In such a case it would be well to avoid ex- 
citing the organ, either by handling or by stimulating feed. 
Calendar for July. 
lio^inn.NEiig 
X. T.Ciui. C!., 
l^'it^hinoton. 
land. y. i Ofk 
PhtladeinlLia, 
iUtrt/Utnd, 
.^ 
Stfltg, Jticiii 
yew Jey^etj. 
I ivfjinia.Ken. 
^ 
.^ 
fftm, IFtscou- 
Feim.. Ohio. 
mcky, Jlis-mit- 
c 
.w 
Kin. [own. tnul 
Indiana, and 
n, and Cali- 
i 
OrenotL. 
— 
Itlinoi-^. 
fornia. 
^ 
ii 
5S 
-;§ 
■;§ 
Si 
33 
■;i 
~" 
^ 
' *■ 
^ 
rr.ii 
CI. u. 
It. 31. 
n.-M 
H. M. 
1 
S 
4 27 
7 41 
10 52 
4 32 7 35 
10 52 
4 ;« 
7 21 
10 51 
\I 
1 2;,7 40 
11 10 
4 33 7 a5 
11 U 
4 39 
7 21- 
11 12 
3 
T 
4 28 7 40: II 27 
4 3417 35 
11 30 
4 39 
7 2! 
I! 32 
4 
■>v 
4 2S|7 40 11 50 
4 34 7 34 
11 53 
4 40 
; 2f 
11 .57 
■1' 
4 Z%1 40,moi-n 
4 35 7 34 
morn 
4 411 
. 2.S 
morn 
6 
\' 
4 SI) 
7 39 
16 
4 35 7 34 
22 
4 41 
7 2S 
26 
S 
4 30 
7 39 
50 
4 so!- 34 
56 
4 41 
7 2.8 
1 3 
s 
s 
4 31 
7 39 
1 34 
4 3717 33 
1 42 
4 42 
7 2f 
1 49 
y 
M 
4 ;« 
7 33 
2 31 
4 37 7 33 
2 39 
4 43 
7 2i 
2 47 
10 
■!• 
4 X> 
; 38, set:! 
4 38:7 32 
sets 
4 43 
7 27 
sets. 
II 
W 
T 
4 83 
4 ;i4 
7 3T 8 37 
7 37 10 
4 35 7 32 
4 39 7 S2 
8 32 
4 44 
4 45 
]n 
8 27 
!:; 
9 6 
9 J 
13 
H' 
4 iii 
7 36 9 33 
4 4017 31 
9 S3 
4 45 
7 26 
9 33 
It 
K 
4 afi 
7 36 9 .i9 
4 41 7 30 
9 5S 
4 46 
7 2.5 
9 53 
1", 
S 
4 3B 
7 »i 10 21 
4 41 7 30 
10 23 
4 47 
7 25 
10 23 
16 
-M 
4 37 
7 34 10 44 
4 42 7 29 
10 47 
4 4>i 
7 24 
10 49 
IT 
1' 
4 3S 
7 31 
11 9 
4 43,7 29 
11 12 
4 4,'i 
7 2:1 
11 16 
13 
W 
4 89 7 33 
11 37 
4 447 2? 
11 42 
4 49 
7 23 
11 47 
19 
1' 
4 40 
7« 
morn 
4 4.'i'7 27 
inorti 
4 511 
7 2-) 
morn 
JO 
K 
4 41 
TM 
12 
4 467 27 
IS 
4 51 
7 2 • 
25 
21 
S 
4 4-1 
7 31 
53 
4 477 26 
t 
4 52 7 21 
1 8 
52 
S 
4 a 
7 SO 
1 43 
4 48 7 2a 
1 50 
4 52 7 20 
1 59 
23 
M 
4 44 
7 29 
2 41 
4 48 7 24 
2 43 
4 53,7 19! 2 55 
24 
■!• 
4 4.i 
7 2S 
rL«e3 
4 49 7 23 
4 54!7 18!nse8 
2.1 
W 
4 4.1 
7«. 
7 56 
4 50 7 22 
7 51 
4 55 7 IS 7 47 
21) 
1' 
4 4B 
7 26 
8 21 
4 5! 
7 21 
8 17 
4 56 7 17 
8 13 
H' 
4 47 
7 n 
S 37 
4 5-,' 
7 21 
8 37 
4 57 7 16 
835 
23 
S 
4 4S 
7 n 
8 53 
4 5:< 
7 211 
8 .57 
4 57 7 15 
8 56 
29 
.S 
4 50 
4 .11 
7 23 
16 
34 
4 .'•►4 
4 .5.'. 
7 19 
7 IS 
9 16 
9 34 
4 58 7 14 
4 59 7 13 
9 17 
SO 
7 22 
9 37 
St T ' 4 5217 211 9 54 
4 56 
7 I'l 
9 57 
5 0.'7 12 
9 59 
fllASES OF THE MOOM. 
ilOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. TOKK. 
WASH'S. 
CHa'STON CJIICA60. 
D. 
n. M. 
II. it. 
ft. M. 
11. M. 
I. M. 
Stl Quart. 3 
4 18 ev. 
4 6ev. 
3 54 ev. 
3 42 ev. 
3 12 ev. 
New -M'n Id 
5 23 ev. 
5 10 ev. 
4 S.S ev. 
4 46 ev. 
4 16 ev. 
Ist Quart 17 
S 2.3 mo. 
8 16 mo. 
8 4 mo 
7 52 mo. 
7 22 mo. 
Full M'n 2.T 
3 3'i mo. 2 23 nio. 
2 11 mol I 59 mo.l 1 29 mo. 
AMEUICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW XOKK, JULY, 1877. 
Harvest is now nearly completed in many locali- 
ties, and in others will be finished by the end of 
the month, or soon after. The yield has been, and 
is, on the whole, satisfactory. How to dispose of 
it to the best advantage, is now the serious con- 
sideration. There is sometimes danger of expect- 
ing too much from the flactuations of the market, 
and the farmer who has sold his grain and safely 
pocketed the proceeds as soon as possible after 
harvest, and at a price that gives him a good profit, 
may look serenely at the ups and downs of a very 
irregular and speculative market. It is something 
to have peace of mind, and this the farmer who is 
ever trying to reach the very top of the market, 
never enjoys, and he often fails of reaching the 
highest price. Our rule has been, and is, to sell 
when we are ready, getting the best prices going at 
the time, and taking a number of years together, 
there has been no reason to regret this course. It 
should not be forgotten that, from the moment 
wheat or other grain is harvested, until it is sold, a 
number of active and dangerous enemies are busy 
destroying it, or reducing its value. Besides the 
ordinary shrinkage from drying, there are the rav- 
ages of rats, mice, weevils, the grain moth, mold, 
and the danger of heating ; all these are to be 
guarded against, or suffered, and at the best, the 
loss from one or more, or all of these, is considerable. 
Then the hopes and preparations for the future 
are to be considered just now. WTiat are the pros- 
pects for the next crop ? In regard to this a re- 
cent communication, made by our consul at Odessa, 
to the State Department, Washington, is interest- 
ing and timely. He writes, in reference to a report 
made by a committee of the Board of Trade of that 
Russian city, on the subject of American competi- 
tion in the European grain trade. The conclusions 
of this committee are as follows, viz : " that we, 
(the Russians), have changed positions with the 
United States. She has now our former position in 
the English market, and we must be satisfied with 
quite a secondary position. What they chiefly 
prove, however, is the regular progressive move- 
ment of America. We cannot therefore hope that 
a prosperous harvest may turn the scale in our fa- 
vor, and restore us to our former position ; but we 
must believe that the United States wfll yet take a 
higher position among the grain producers of the 
world. It is impossible to calculate the amount of 
grain which America will be able to export, and 
which will render her so completely the controller 
of the London market, that we shall be utterly tm- 
able to compete with her. The cheapness and fer- 
tility of her virgin soil, her favorable climate, the 
high class of her agriculture, the substitution of 
machinery for human labor, the spirit of enterprise, 
and the aptitude of the Americans for organization, 
are so many proofs that our fears are well founded." 
— This is not strange to a thinking person. We havo 
frequently pointed out the fact that this must be 
the inevitable result of our improved agriculture ; 
just as we have frequently referred to a similar 
condition of things in regard to our manufacturing 
industry. It is mind that tells on work. Intelli- 
gent labor is the most productive and profitable, 
and, although the American farmers are not alto- 
gether so far advanced in their line as are the 
American mechanics in theirs, yet they are rapidly 
coming to the front as the best farmers and stock 
producers in the world, and our farm machinery is 
j already by far the best in existence. The natural 
result is, that we are controlling the markets of the 
world, by displacing less skillful and intelligent^ 
and less enterprising competitors. Now there eaa 
be no danger in enlarging our production to meet 
the large foreign demand. By and by we can fix 
our own prices. 
« 
Hints Tor YTork. 
The Wheat Stuibles. — Generally the wheat and 
rye stubbles are seeded to grass or clover. After a 
dry spring in many localities, the new seeding is 
thin and poor. It is a bad practice to tmn stock 
upon this light grass, and pasture it down to the 
bare ground ; yet many " penny-wise and pound- 
foolish " farmers will do this very thing. Avoid it 
by all means. On the contrary, give a light dressing 
of some active fertilizer, such as Peruvian guano, 
or Bowker's orMapes' fertilizer, prepared expressly 
for grass and clover ; this wotild greatly advance 
the crop, and probably give a good bite later in the 
fall, instead of a poor one now. 
Corn. — We keep the cultivator going until a horse 
can no longer pass through the rows, and we ques- 
tion if it would not be greatly better to use one of 
the many useful hand cultivators until the corn is 
glazed, rather than lay by the com when it is two 
or three feet high. Always muzzle tlie horse when 
cultivating com. Many raise what are known as 
Catch Crops; these are turnips, peas, or buck- 
wheat, sown between the rows of com at the last 
cultivating. Sometimes this may be done with 
profit. If the ground is rich, and weeds would 
grow, there may as well be something useful grown 
in place of them, and we have had 5(XI or 600 bush- 
els of white turnips per acre, grown in this manner, 
which were worth nearly as much as the com. If 
such a crop is grown, it should be put in as well as 
possible. To sow turnips broadcast, is not so weU 
as to sow in a row with a seed drill or by hand. An 
Albany seed-sower, or a garden seed-drill, may be 
run in the center of the row after the last working. 
Then, being shaded, and the ground moist, the 
plants grow rapidly, and need not be trodden out 
when the corn is cut. If peas or buckwheat are 
sown, two drills may be made for each com row. 
J%?o(oes.^Early potatoes should still be protected 
against the beetle. Late potatoes must necessarily 
be closely looked to, lest the late broods destroy 
them. The present season has proved the advan- 
tage of stimulating the growth by fertilizers and 
cultivation, and also the usefulness of hand-picking 
the beetles when they first appear. A trial of many 
" pest-poisons," has convinced us of the superiori- 
ty of Paris green mixed with flour or water. All 
these are poisonous, and if one must use such a 
material, the most effective may as well be chosen. 
Soot Crops. — Thinning the crop should be rigor- 
ously performed. Every surplus plant should be 
treated as a weed, which in reality it is. Ruta- 
bagas may still be sown, if some active fertilizer is 
used to start a quick, vigorous growth. The ground 
for white turnips should be prepared for planting 
at the end of this month, or early in August. The 
White Globe and the "Cow's Hom," turnip, are 
the best for general use. Of ruta-bagas, the Purple 
Top Swede is one of the best, it not the best. 
Eajj. — Clover that has not yet beeu cut, has lost 
much of its value. No crop suffers more by late- 
