A.MERIGAN AQRIGULTURIST. 
[September, 
Contents for September, 1877. 
— *• — 
Among the Faimei's 334 
Beef, Feeding for 338 
Bee Notes for September 3-29 
Blue Jay, Oregon Illustrated.. SS3 
Boys and Girls' Coliimus— Cute but Naughty— Aunt 
Sue's Chats — Doctor's Correspondence — Auut Sue's 
Puzzle Box— Whooping Crane. . .1 lUusirtUiom . .345-348 
Broken Legs in Animals, How to Treat 339 
Cork Tree, Mantchoorian .Illustrated. . 341 
Fair List 335 
Fairs, The Farmer's Schools 331 
Fish Breeding, The Requirements of. 33" 
Flower Garden and Lawn for September 324 
Fodder and Eoot Cutters 6 Illustrations. . 340 
Fowl and Hybrid, Jungle Illustrated . . 333 
FruitDryers 338 
Fruit Garden for September 323 
Fruit Harvest, Helps in the Z Illustrations . .Z^ 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for September... .324 
Hints and Helps for Farmers 4 Illustratkim. . 337 
Household Bepartment— Home Topics — Tomatoes, 
and How to Use Them— Burns and Scalds 3 7«. .343-345 
House, Plan for i Illustrations . .S'iH 
Ki tchen and Market Garden for September 324 
Locust Trap, A West ern Illustrated . . 337 
Market Report for September 325 
Milk, Method of Cooling Mustrated. . 337 
Notes from the Pines lUustrett^d. 342 
Ogdeu Farm Papers, No. 91 331 
Orchard and Nursery for September 323 
Plants, Tufted Marshallia :. Illustrated.. 3il 
Plums, How Made into Prunes 343 
Pump, Non-Freezing i JUuslrations - .336 
Science Applied to Farming 330 
Sheep, Wild, of Thibet Illustrated.. 3il 
Silo, An American 2 Illustrations. 3.35 
Stable, A Frost Proof. .' 3.39 
Talks on Farm Crops 335 
Ventilators for Fodder Stacks 2 Illustrations . .336 
Work, Hints About 322 
INDEX TO "BASKET." 
Acid, Citric 354 
Agricultural Experiment 
Station, Conn...: 326 
Ashes, Value of .329 
Ayrshire Herd Book 355' 
"Book-Acre," That 326 
Books on Cattle, Sheep, 
andPigs 328 
Bruised Leg, Treatment. 327 
Buckwheat^Harvesting. ..355 
Cattle and Sheep in Col.. 355 
Clothing— Great Conven- 
ience 329 
Col. Waring, Honor for. .32S 
Corn, Culture in Drills... 327 
Cotton Seed, Feeding . . .354 
Cow, Artificial Switch for326 
Cows, Abortion 326 
Crop for Poor Stiff Soil.. 32S: 
De:ith of a Noted Horse.. 354 
Draining 32S 
•' Dry Murrain " 357 
Echo Farm Herd 328 
Fair, St. Louis 354 
Fairs, Go to the— Why ?.329 
Fanning Mill for Grain. .357 
Florida, Sweetness from..353 
Foot and Mouth Disease355 
Fruit Grower, Every 326 
Fall Blood andThorough- 
brcd 354 
Grain,MachineB forClean- 
ing 329 
Grange Meeting, trsetul.329 
Green Fodder, Preserva- 
tion of 354 
Grounds, Plan of 326 
Hog Cholara, Treatment.327^ 
Eorse, Treatment of 
Splint 327 
Humbugs, Sundry 327 
Incubators, As to 326 
Individual, Remarkable. 328 
0« SHORTER ARTICLES. 
"Japanese Wheat" .353 
Lambs and Sheep Dip... 326 
Lambs, Price in N. Y 320 
Manure, Horse, How to 
Preserve 328 
Meat Market, Foreign... 354 
Milking Tubes... l7lus..3il 
Montana Stock Farm . . 353 
Nafl Agr. Congress 326 
Pasturing the Highways.329 
Phosphate, Making 327 
Pigging, Difficulty in .3.54 
Pigs, Disease in 327 
Pigs, Thumps inYoung. ..354 
Pigs, Weakness in 354 
Plow for Sod Land 354 
Poisoning by Paris Green 
—Antidote 329 
Polled Galloway Herd 
Book 355 
Pork Making in Georgia. 354 
'Roots for Stock 353 
Rye as a Soiling Crop 354 
Scientific Expedition 353 
Seed Corn. Selecting 354 
Sending Things 327 
Sheep, Black-faced 
Scotch .353 
" Snow Hill Durhams "..329 
Sore Teats in Cows 354 
Stable for §25 354 
Swine Husbandry 359 
Temperance Songs. . ..326 
Tree» in the City of Lon- 
don 835 
Wheat Crop, Hoeing the.a54 
Wheat Crop, The 320 
Weed, A Persistent .354 
Winter Oats 327 
Winter Oats for Feed 327 
Wire Beds. 326 
Worn Out Field, How to 
Improve 354 
Moutbly Bnlletiu of tlie Ameri- 
can JTersey Cattle Club.- We have received the 
first number of the A. J. C. C. Monthly Bulletin, which 
contains pedigrees of 52 bulls and 99 cows, and some 
short articles of special interest to breeders of Jerseys. 
This publication is to he issued monthly, under the 
Enpervision of Geo. E. Waring, Jr., Newport, R. I., Sec- 
retary of the American Jersey Cattle Club. 
I>eep Plovring of ]\e-w Prairie. — 
" Winona," Minn. When prairie sod is plowed deeply, 
there are many roots of wild plants not cut off, hut mere- 
ly turned over. These sprout and grow again. The 
pod also does not rot so soon as when a thin furrow is 
turned over. But if the sod could he plowed with a 
double, or "jointer" plow;— a plow with one share and 
mold-board in advance of the other, so as to turn the 
Bod the first, and then cover it with soil with the second 
one, grain might he sown at once. This might do for 
cats or buckwheat, but for wheat it would be risky. 
Calendar for September. 
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Bo^ton.NE7tg 
land. A'. York 
Stale, Mclii 
sijL.Inwa. and 
Oregon. 
5 » 
5 .-iO,- 
5 316 
5 32 6 
5 33 6 
5 SI 6 
5 ST. 6 
5 36 6 
5 37i6 
5 ssje 
5 39,6 
5 40,6 
5 41 ■ 
5 43 
r, 44 
3 46 
5 4' 
5 4S 
5 49 
5 50 
5 ,-.1 
5 SS 
5 oo 
5 .-.4 
5 oli'j - 
[. 31. 
11 
morn 
8 
1 26 
2 48 
4 10 
sets 
C 47 
7 11 
7 S9 
8 10 
3 47 
9 33 
10 27 
11 27 
nioni 
SO 
1 S'l 
2 39 
3 40 
4 42 
rises 
6 5 
6 26 
6 52 
7 23 
8 2 
5 r.s 
9 To 
U 7 
N. Y.Cai/. C!., 
Phiiadelvhia. 
Aew Jersey. 
Pettn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
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= cA 
c S 
cq:- 
K^ 
^£ 
E.M 
5 27 
6 sa 
11 08 
s :>x 
« 31 
morn 
^ 24 
6 9« 
17 
5 m 
«9K 
1 !U 
5 31 
6 26 
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6 94 
4 13 
5 m 
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set.^ 
5 31 
6.tl 
6 4S 
s.sr. 
6 19 
7 14 
5 .S6 
6 IS 
7 43 
■.■;37 
6 16 
8 16 
5:*i 
6 14 
K54 
5S9 
6 K-i 
9 41 
i, 411 
6 11 
10 S3 
r, 41 
6 9 
11 33 
5 42 
H 7 
morn 
5 43 
6 (i 
36 
5 41 
5 4 
1 40 
5 4-> 
6 2 
2 42 
5 46:0 1 
S 43 
5 47 5 59 
4 43 
5 4S;3 .i7 
rises 
5 49,5 50 
6 7 
5 50 3 54 
6 29 
5 .'.115 :-.2 
6 36 
5 5-.' 
3 51 
7 28 
3 r.:; 
3 JS 
8 S 
5 :-4 
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9 1 
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10 3 
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foiiiia. 
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n.M 
n. M. 
5 29 6 30 
11 15 
3 SO 
6 iS 
morn 
5 31 
6 27 
023 
3 32 
6 26 
137 
•i S3 
6 24 
2 57 
5 34 
r, 'a 
4 16 
5 34 
6 21 
sets. 
5 S3 
6 211 
6 60 
5,36 
6 W 
7 17 
3 37 
6 16 
7 47 
■5 38 
6 15 
8 22 
5:« 
6 13 
9 1 
5 40 
6 12 
9 48 
5 41 
6 111 
10 42 
5 42 
6 ii 
11 40 
3 4t 
6 '. 
morn 
T 43 
6 3 
42 
5 44 
6 4 
1 45 
5 45 
6 2 
2 46 
5 46 
6 
S 45 
5 4, 
5 3S 
4 43 
5 4S 
5 3, 
rises 
5 49 
5 56 
6 10 
5 50 
5 .34 
6 34 
5 51 
5 52 
7 1 
« 52 
5 3! 
7 34 
5.Vi 
3 49 
S 16 
r. 53 
3 4K 
9 S 
3 51 
n 111 
10 10 
5 05 
5 44 
11 20 
I'ilASKS OF Tllli MODN. 
MOON. BOSTON. N'.YORK. WASU'N.ICII A'STON CHICAGO. 
New M'nl 7 
IstQuan 14 
Full M'li 22 
8 16 1110. 
6 24 mo. 
10 50 mo. 
S(l Quart. |30i 1 36 mo. 
ir. M. 
8 4 mo. 
6 l.i mo, 
10 38 mo, 
1 24 mo. 
IT. HI. 
7 52 moj 7 40 mo. 
fi mo 5 48 mo. 
10 26 1110 10 14 mo. 
1 12 moi 1 mo. 
n. 51. 
7 10 mo. 
5 18 mo. 
9 44 mo. 
30 1110.' 
AMERICAN ACRK ULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1877. 
If a store-keeper, a blacksmith, or any other busi- 
ness man or mechanic, were to open his shop for 
one or two hours only, each day, and to spend the 
remainder of his time at some unproductive em- 
ployment or recreation, he would soon shut up hi.s 
shop altogether. A certain amount of productive 
labor is absolutely necessary to support eveiy man. 
This amount is regulated by circumstances. These 
circumstances are beyond our control, but their 
operation is so certain, as to amount to what is 
called a natural law. When any business or trade 
becomes so profitable, that a living is made by it 
with less than the usual amount of labor, numbers 
flock into it, until the products become too plenti- 
ful, and their value falls so low, that longer hours 
of labor are needed to turn out a suflicient quan- 
tity of them to give the producer a living. Then 
people leave or avoid this business, and by and by 
it returns to the average condition of other in- 
dustries, and gives a fair living for a fair day's 
■work. But, under ordinary circumstances, if per- 
sons engaged in any business, do not perform a 
fair day's work, they do not get a fair living. Now 
it is complained, farming does not pay, that it does 
not afford a fair living. If this is tme, it is especi- 
ally unfortunate, because farmers are tied to their 
business, and can not leave it at a few days' notice. 
As a rule, we are certain that this is not true. But 
it must be confessed that there is some reason for 
the complaint. Farming certainly does not pay 
some farmers, and a good reason for this can be 
found by examining the Census Reports. There 
we find that in one of the principal New England 
States the average size of the farms is 76 acres ; 
the average number of acres in grain and potatoes 
on each farm is only 2t acres ; the average number 
of cows on each farm is less than 3 ; and each cow 
takes Hi acres to support her; there are less than 
two sheep to each farm ; the same number of pigs, 
and little more than one horse. Each man engaged 
in farming cultivates only one acre and four-tenths 
in grains and potatoes, and lOi acres in grains, po- 
tatoes, and grass. Nowhere is a case paralleled by 
that of a mechanic, who should only work a quarter 
of a day, instead of full time. If any sensible far- 
mer were asked, if a man could support himself by 
such management, he would reply So emphatically, 
and without any hesitation. The condition of the 
State in question is similar to that of the rest of 
New England, and other parts of the country. Itr 
is clear then, that it can not be helped that thert- 
should be dissatisfaction with the proceeds of so« 
inefflectuall3' employed labor ; it would be surpris-- 
ing, and farming would be difEereut from any other- 
business, it it were not so. The remedy is obvious. 
Work must be well and effectually done, or the pay 
is poor. A day's wages can only be earned by a 
day's work. The proportion or ratio between work, 
and pay is fixed by laws, which no man, or com- 
bination of men, can suspend or abrogate. 
Hints for ^f^ork. 
Sowing Wheat. — The majority of farmers prefer- 
to sow wheat this month. Where there is no dan- 
ger of the fly, and where the season of fall growth- 
is short, most of the wheat is sown in August. The- 
10th of September is probably the date -(vhich suits- 
the ideas and convenience of most farmers. We 
prefer not to be later than this if we can avoid it. 
This subject was sufficiently treated last month. 
Taricl'ies of Wheat. — A great number of new va- 
rieties of wheat have been tested of late. The 
Clawson wheat has become very popular on account 
of its hardiness. It is a smooth variety, with a 
plump, amber grain, and yields well. The "Gold 
Medal " has made many friends, but we know it 
only by report. Of all that we have gro-n-n, the 
Treadwell, the Clawson, and the Diehl, have suc- 
ceeded best on moderately light soil, and w-e wouli 
choose them in the order here named. The Diehl 
is a fine white variety, but the white wheats need 
better soil and cultivation than the amber, and these- 
better than the red wheats. It is a good farmer 
thst can raise good crops of the white sorts. But 
then every farmer should try for the best. On the 
whole, however, the amber wheats -n-ill probably be- 
found the most successful under ordinary cultiva- 
tion, and, as a rule,, they make excellent floiu'. 
Cultivating Wheat. — Vi'e are experimenting -mth 
wheat sown in rows 16 Inches apart, and the rows- 
to be worked with a Rue's hand-cultivator. If it 
will pay to cultivate wheat here, as it does in Eng- 
land, it will be done. The proper implement can 
be had without difficulty. A common grain drill 
can be furnished with hoes to do the work. If 
other crops pay for cultivation, it is difficult to say 
why wheat should not. It only needs that the mode 
of sowing be arranged to suit. An experiment of 
this nature can easUy be made on a small plot of 
ground, and may be very valuable in its results. 
Sowing Timothy ; Sarrowing Wlicat. — WhsS grass 
seed is sown, harrowing wheat can not be done 
either in the fall or spring. The benefit derived 
from harrowing in both- seasons, is certainly greater 
than the advantage of having the grass seed in the 
ground before iviuter. When clover is to be sown 
in the spring, it will be much safer to defer sowing 
the timothy until then, and sow it with the clover- 
ou the freshly haiTowed ground. 
Cidting Corn. — This is, or should be, the next 
great work of this month. It is unwise to defer it 
until October. The extra value of well cured fod- 
der, not damaged by frost, is no small considera- 
tion. The corn is ready to cut as soon as it is 
glazed. It gains nothing by standing longer and 
the fodder is always deteriorated. . 
How Com May lie Cut. — We were amused recent- 
ly to read in a first-class English agricultural paper 
that our method of shocking com in America, was 
to put three hUls of corn in a stock. In the East 
25 hUls, or 5 rows of 5 hills in each row, are put in- 
to a stook. In the West 7 hills of 7 rows, or 49 
hills, often go into a stook. We prefer the latter, 
as it is a saving of time and space, and is especially 
preferable when the corn stubble is plowed and 
sown to wheat or rye. We prefer too, to bind the 
corn in sheaves, and set up the sheaves in a stook, 
binding the top of the stook with a stout straw 
band. The sheaves are necessary if the corn-husk- 
ing machine is used, and very handy in case the 
com is hauled to the bam to be husked. 
Curing Corn-Fodder. — Corn-fodder should be 
bound in small sheaves, and these should be set up 
in stooks open at the bottom to admit plenty of air. 
Rain can not injure fodder thus cured. But if set 
