324 
amji:rican agriculturist. 
[September, 
planting is not advisable, where the climate is any 
more severe than that of New Jersey. 
Eladccap Raspberries and the red-fruited varieties 
Of the Purple Cane class, are propagated from the 
tips of the long and slender shoots, which naturally 
arch over and reach the ground for that purpose, 
hence where plants are wanted, a sufficient number 
01 these branches to supply them should be allow- 
ed to grow unchected. When they reach the 
ground, their striking root may be favored by plac- 
ing a little earth upon the ends; only enough should 
be put on to prevent them from being moved by the 
wind ; too much may cause the green tip to decay. 
Ghrapes which have gone on prosperously until 
just ready to color, are sometimes attacked by mil- 
dew, and can only be saved by the free use of sul- 
phur, which should be applied with care, to secure 
a very fine but even dusting. If carelessly applied, 
the sale of the fruit will be injured. Grape scissors 
are made which hold the bunch by the stem after it 
is severed from the vine ; the use of these avoids 
handling the clusters, which, however carefully 
done, will remove some portion of the bloom. 
Fears, almost without exception, are better for 
ripening in tbe house. If the stem parts readily 
from the tree, when the fruit is lifted, it is time to 
gather and place on shelves in the fruit room, or in 
shallow boxes, where its condition may be watched. 
Laid between the folds of a blauket, pears will 
often color up finer than by any other treatment. 
Kitclieu a»<l Iflai-ket Crardcn. 
The condition of many gardens this mouth shows 
an utter disregard of neatness, and a shameful 
amount of waste. The refuse of a family garden 
af moderate size, will go far towards the keep of a 
eow, and still further towards that of a pig. If 
aeither of these animals is at hand, to utilize a 
share of the refuse and turn the rest into manure, 
there should always be a compost heap to receive 
them. By thus disposing of tbe rubbish, the garden 
may be kept in as good order now as at any season. 
Cabbage and Cauliflower seed, for plants to be win- 
tejed over in cold frames, is sown this month. It 
is important to do this just at the proper time ; if 
the sowing is made too early, the plants will get 
too large, and when planted out in the spring, in- 
stead of forming good heads, will tend to push 
flower-stalkB and run to seed. On the other hand, 
if sown too late, the growing season will not be 
long enough to allow them to get sufficiently strong 
to pass the winter safely. The market gardeners 
near New York find the proper time limited to 
within a few days either way, of Sept. 15th. To 
have the plants in the proper condition, careful 
gardeners make two sowings, each time using seed 
enough for a fuU supply. Some sow on the 10th 
and 20th, and others on the 12th and 16th, on a 
carefully prepared and enriched seed-bed in the 
open ground, and the plants are usually ready to 
be " pricked out " in the frames in four weeks from 
the sowing. In more northern localities, this must 
be done earlier, and in more southern ones, later. 
Lettuce is another plant which, for the earliest 
spring crops, is wintered over in the same manner, 
and the seed is sown at the same time with those of 
cabbage and cauliflower. The Simpson, a sub- 
variety of the Silesia, is a favorite sort for this pur- 
pose, and the Black-seeded Butter. 
Borecole, or Kale, usually known in the market as 
"Sprouts," is a kind of cabbage that does not 
head ; the variety most in use is known in the 
seed-stores as "Dwarf German Greens." The 
seed is sown, near New York, at the end of August 
or early this month, in rows 15 Inches apart. When 
2 inches high, they are thinned, by cutting out with 
a push-hoe, to 6 or 8 inches, and kept clean. If 
the plants have not spread enough to cover the 
grouQd, a light covering of salt-hay or straw is 
given, but if they are large enough, no covering is 
put on them. It is ready for use in May. 
Spinach may be sown for both fall use and to 
keep through the winter. It should not be sown 
later than the middle of the month, in drUls 12 or 
15 inches apart. The crop is to be kept clean as 
long as the frost keeps off, and when large enough, 
it is carefully thinned, and the thinnings used ; this 
gives the plants that are to remain more room, and 
they grow strong and able to stand the winter. In 
the market gardens it is not often covered, but we 
think it comes out better in the spring to cover 
slightly with marsh hay. 
Com Salad, or Fetticus, the green leaves of which 
appear very early in the markets, and much used, 
especially by Europeans as a salad, is sown and 
treated in all respects like spinach, but it is neces- 
sary to give it some protection. 
Turmps of the flat kinds may still be sown, and 
in favorable seasons wiU make a crop, even it sown 
as late as the 10th or 20th. 
Gi'owiru) Crops should now be coming on finely, 
especially those that, like celery, late cabbage, ruta- 
bagas, etc., flourish best when the nights are cool 
and the days warm. They should be encouraged 
by frequent use of the hoe and cultivator. 
Sweet Ihtatoes need little other care than an oc- 
casional moving of the vines, to prevent them 
from taking root. 
Melons are ripe when the stem easUy parts from 
the fniit ; the ripeness of water melons can only be 
judged by the sound when struck with the finger, 
a sound which can not be described, but is soon 
learned. It is well to remove all the fruit not likely 
to mature ; the young musk-melons may be used 
for stuffed pickles or " mangoes." 
Shallots, the young bulbs of which are used in 
spring as a substitute for onions, are hardy, and 
may be set this month. 
Pickling and Pi-esermug. — Cucumbers need picking 
every day or two. Martynias must be taken while 
very tender. String and Snap Beans are prepared 
as if for cooking, and put down in salt. Green 
com, of proper size for eating, is boiled, cut from 
the cob and dried ; it is sometimes cut from the 
cob raw, and salted. Green tomatoes should he 
secured for pickling before frost injures them. 
Winter Cherries or Strawberry Tomatoes drop when 
ripe ; they may be gathered and used for sweet- 
meats at once, or spread in an airy place to be used 
when all are gathered. Make tomato catsup while 
the fruit is still in perfection and plenty. 
Clear up the ground as soon as a crop is off. 
Manure, spade, and have it ready for spring As 
soon as sweet corn is gathered, cut up the stalks 
and cure them for fodder Look out for late 
weeds, and do not put seed-bearing ones on the 
manure heap, but burn. 
Flofrer Ciiardeii and Kiawn. 
The excessive heats of summer being over, the 
late flowers now have their opportunity, and the 
borders should be bright until frosts come. 
Dahlias, besides a strong stake for the main stem, 
often need shorter ones for the principal branches, 
else the weight of bloom may cause them to break 
away at the junction with the stem. Grasshoppers 
often injure their flowers, and those intended for 
exhibition must be protected by netting. Cut 
away the blooms as soon as past their prime, and 
remove aU buds that show malformation. 
Chrysanthemums, from their great beauty and va- 
riety, are not in such general cultivation as we 
should suppose ; they are generally hardy, and 
though they flower so late that the frosts catch 
them in their prime, they stand up to their work 
until the very last, and as the rear guard, nobly 
cover the retreat of the floral army. But one can 
pot as many as he chooses, and thus enjoy their 
bloom for some weeks. As soon as the buds are 
fairly developed, pot them, give shade for a few 
days, and when the increase in size of the buds 
shows that they have recovered, give very weak 
manure water, or a teaspoonful of guano to the 
gallon of water. They will bloom more satisfactori- 
ly in a sunny window of a room without fire. 
Chrysanihenmm Troubles are numerous ; some- 
times a black aphis or plant louse will completely 
cover the ends of the branches — strong Tobacco 
Water. They also are the favorite food of several 
hairy caterpillars, several of which may be found 
disfiguring the foliage of one plant — hand-pick. 
Then the stems wUl break on the slightest provoca- 
tion, especially when heavily loaded with buds — 
sticks and strings, and a plenty of them. 
Violets, if wanted in late winter or early spring, 
must be provided for now. Prepare a frame with 
very rich soil, and set healthy young plants from 
runners. When freezing weather comes, cover the 
plants with leaves and put on the glass. In Febru- 
ary remove the leaves, and flowers wiU soon appear. 
Sardy Herbaceous Perennials are mostly through 
with flowering, and may be divided and reset. 
Those which form a large clump of fine roots, may 
be divided by the use of a sharp spade, but those 
with large roots need more care ; shake or wash 
away the soil so that the whole may be seen, and 
divide, using a strong knife, so as to leave each 
bud with a share of the root. The present is a 
favorable time to procure and set new plants of 
this class, as some flower too early for successful 
removal in spring. 
Lavins, as the cooler weather encourages the 
growth, may have more frequent mowings. Sow 
seeds on thin spots. 
Insects. — Ornamental trees are apt to be disfigured 
by the Fall Web-worm, which is easily removed. 
4i<reeuIioiise and Window Plants. 
As any sudden change next month may make it 
necessary to house tender plants, no time should 
be lost in having aU in readiness. See that the 
heating apparatus needs no repairs. Paint, glaze, 
and repair generally. 
Plants for Winte>; whether for blooming or for 
keeping over, should be looked out for this month. 
Propagate verbenas, geraniums, and others that are 
in the open ground. Young and vigorous plants 
are always better than old and misshapen ones. 
Sa7iging Baskets and flower-stands for winter 
should be filled early, that they wUl be well es- 
tablished by the time cool weather comes. 
(S<m7, Jbte, and other needed articles, should be 
got ready in good season, and stored for winter use. 
Sand upon the greenhouse benches should be re- 
newed, not only for appearance, but to get rid of 
various animal and vegetable pests. 
Sulbs for early winter blooming should be pro- 
cured as soon as the dealers offer them. 
. Planting' Decidiions and ET4;r> 
greeu Trees and Shrubs in tlie Fall.— T7e 
have frequently advocated ttie fall planting of most fruit 
trees at this season, and for ttic same reasou we prefer 
this season for deciduous ornamental trees and shrubs in 
all mild climates. While there is but little difference of 
opinion as to the propriety of setting in autumn, the 
hardy trees that drop their leaves then, there is no sub- 
ject upon whicii tree planters differ more than the proper 
time for planting evergreens. Some do this in early 
spring, while others prefer to wait until growth is about 
to start, and while some entirely disapprove of fail-plant- 
ing, others find it one of the most favorable seasons. 
This diversity tends to show that success will follow 
planting at either season, if proper care be taken. Messrs. 
Sam]. B. Parsons & Sons, whose experience in such mat- 
ters has been very large, inform us that they sell many 
evergreens to be set in the fall, and if the planting be 
done in early autumn, when the ground is warm and mel- 
low, and in localities where the season is long, we have 
no doubt that the result will be satisfactory. Messrs. 
Parsons & Sons, of Flushing, N. T., have a very large 
and remarkably varied stock of this class of trees, in- 
cluding some that are very rare, and not to be generally 
found. There is too much sameness in the selection 
of evergreens, and, indeed, other trees for planting, and 
those who set trees that will ultimately grow large, on 
small places, make a great mistake ; there ia a number 
of low growing forms, well suited to small places, and 
which will never reach so large a size, as to make it 
necessary to cut them out, because they crowd one an- 
other, and shut out the light and rain. The better way 
for one who wishes to plant, and does not live too far 
away, is to visit Kissena Nurseries, where specimen trees 
may be seen, and make selections on the spot; or if un- 
able to do this, send for Parsons & Sons' descriptive 
catalogue, as above. The stock of evergreens is per- 
haps unrivalled, and the collection of ornamental decid- 
uous trees aud shrubs unusually fine. 
