1875.] 
AMERIC^^N AaRTCULTURIST. 
115 
CoMrosiTioN OP Corn Cobs.— Ah old friend in Cana- 
da nsk:5 me to Infoi-in hitu " of what elements a corn cob 
consists ? ''—Of precisely the game elements as sawdust. 
In fact, when you come to elements, all plants and ani- 
mals are pretty mnch the same thing. In this sense there 
is no difference between a stick of celery :ind a burdock, 
or a Canada thistle. Woody lihre, and starch, and su^ar, 
are composed of the same elements. But we need not 
say that there is a vast difference in their nutritive value. 
A green corn cob. when it is full of tlie juices which are 
afterwards organized into grain, i^ a very different thing 
from the dry corn cob of the ripened ear. When the 
latter i? ^^ronnd fine, I presume a half starved sheep or 
cow can digest more or less of its woody fibre. But I 
doubt very much whether there is nutriment enough in 
the cob to pay for the grinding. 
CoKN vs. Clover for Piqs. — ''J. C. C," of Indiana, 
writes, "You rocommeuded letting pigs run on clover 
pasture in summer. 1 have good land to produce com. 
It averages one year with another GO bushels per acre. 
The same land will bring a very lieavy crop of clover. It 
costs me about 10 cts. a bushel, to raise and put the corn 
iu the crib. Now^ which is worth the most to the pigs, ' 
deducting expenses, the corn or the clover?" — The two 
together are cheaper than either alone. But can you 
raise corri and put it in the crib for 10 cents a bushel. It 
costs me more than that to put it in the crib, after it is 
raised and cut np. 
Buckwheat for Manure.— Dr. Ilaiiari, of Wilming- 
to», Delaware, writes mo that on the 14th of last July, he 
had one bushel of buckwheat sowed on one-third of an 
acre of old potato ground, which had been nianuicd 
with mineral manure fur the potatoes. On tlic 3rd of 
September the buckwheat was iu full bloom, and stood 
abeut four feet high. A square foot of it carefidly cut, 
weighed 1.'.^ lbs. or 27 tons per acre, produced in 51 days 
at a cost of about 9 cents i)er ton. While the crop was 
growing, half a bushel of winter wheat was sown on the 
third acre. The cop was then cut with a mowing ma- 
chine. Why not have plowed the crop under ? '• Be- 
cause," says Dr. H., '■ 'one inch of straw,' according to 
John Johnson, 'put on after sowing the wheat, would 
save it from the winds and frosts of winter,' and he also 
says, ' one load of manure on top, is worth two plowed 
nnder.' And do not the English farmers tell us that 
wheat should be sown on solid ground. Hence the rea- 
son of their heavy steam presser, used to consolidate the 
earth before seeding."— All this is very well, and I shall 
be glad to hear the result. Still I doubt if the plan will 
nsually be a good one. The growth of the buckwheat 
iDUst extract an immense amount of water from the soil, 
and leave tlie land so dry that the wheat would often fail 
to germinate until late in the fall. 
When do You Sow Plaster?— Usually in the winter, 
or while the ground is frozen in the spring. I do not 
suppose that this is the best time, but I like to draw the 
plaster while the roads are good, and I have no conveni- 
ent place to sto\v it awa}', and so we sow it from the 
wagon at once. We put a boy to drive, and one man on 
each aide the wagon, and another behind to scatter the 
plaster as far as they can throw it. We put on two 
bushels per acre, more or less. We are not particular, as 
plaster is cheap. This winter we arc sowing it on all 
the clover, and on the fall-plowed fields where barley is 
to be sown in the spring. 
Mangels and Carrots on Swamp Land.— Mr. F. 
Malcolm, of Ontario, has some swamp land which he 
sowed last year to mangel wurzel and white Belgian car- 
rots. "The mangels came up badly." he says, *-and 
what did come grew very feebly for a good while. Later 
in the season the tops grew very fast, but the roots were 
miserable. The carrots yielded a very gO'>d crop."— As 
a rule, I think the best mangels are grown on rather 
heavy, well-worked and richly manured upland. The 
roots are certainty more nutritious on such land than 
those grown on low, swampy, or alluvial soils. 
Northern Spy Apples.— "S. L. S.," Orwell, Vt., 
raised 6 Northern Spy apples the past year that weighed 
5 lbs. 6 oz. That will do. He wants me to tell him all 
about my orchard. There is nothing to tell The only 
way to raise choice apples, like the Northern Spy. is to 
plant the trees on thoroughly drained land. Make and 
keep the soil rich, prune properly, keep the bark clean 
by washing the trunks and large limbs with lye or car- 
bolic soap suds, and, last but not least, thin out the fruit 
when the trees are overloaded. My own orchard is in 
graa?, and I keep the land rich by top-dressing with ma- 
nure, ashes, lime, plaster, or any thing which "comes 
handy." and eating the grass close all the time with sheep. 
— ■•-• MgM »~~m 
Vormoiif I>aii-yinoii*9 A^iisooisitiois. 
— TliL- sixth winter meeting of this Association l)eL'an at 
Montpeliur. on the 'liOtli of January. The Hon. E. D. 
Mason, of Richmond, Vt.. delivered the opening address, 
in which he stated that the improvement in the quality 
Of Vermont dairy products, which had resulted from the 
association of the dairymen, had benefited the State 
more than any other one thing. Paijcrs were read upon 
the value of cheese as food, and upon cooking food for 
stock, in wliich no new ideas were developed. Prof L. 
B. Arnold, of Rochester, N. Y., iu Bome remarks upon 
the good fruits of the Association, said that the value of 
the Vermont butter had doubled since the Association 
was formed. Twenty live men iu a dairy county in New 
York, had been able to demolish old fogy notions, and 
to improve the condition of the dairy interests more 
than all tlic butti-r makf-rs of the whole State could have 
done single handed. An exhihit^ion of butter was held 
at the close of the meeting; the first premium, a Fair- 
banks' platform scale, offered by Fairbanks & Co., St. 
Johnsbury, Vt., was awarded to Judge Alvey Stone, of 
Ciiittenden, Vt. Samples of "gilt edged"" butler, sold 
in the Boston mark-.t, were exhibited, some of which 
wove very fitie, and some were regarded as inferior to 
common butter. A sample which sold at $1.2o per 
pound, was adjudged by the members to be the secoud 
iu quality. The best was made by S. Adams, of Mason 
Village. N. H., but it was not the highest priced. So 
much really fine butter is seldom seen on exhibition at 
one time, and the Boston "gilt edged" furnished the 
Vermont dairymen witli a standard of excellence, at 
which they may aim in their own dairies. 
The People's Force Pumps. 
W. S, BLUNT, 77 Beekman St., N. Y. 
Awnrd'ffl medal of Ani-M-ican In- 
stitute- ocer all competitors for 1873 
;iiiil ]--;4, For Hout^e uud Out-doors. 
For Wells from 6 to 100 feet deep. 
Powerful Kire-t*ump8. 
The i'tiblic are cautioned to look 
for the name, "People's Pump. 
I'ati.'nted Au,g:.31, 18ii9,'' cast on the 
lid, to insure oblaiuiii'^ the sjenuine 
article, and to avoid litiaatibn. 
S<--nd Postal Card lor Circulars. 
General Agencies: 
\V. H. Banks* Co,, Cliicaeo, Ills. 
MaL'ens & Co., I,oui.-;ville,^Kv. 
-1. i;. Murdoek & (. o., cineiuii.ifi.o. 
I , H. Lciliev. Chcvi^'iine. Wvoniinj. 
W .]. Kib-y. Hou-ton, Trxas. 
1 intliin^ham & Workman, Mon- 
treal. C. E. 
Benedict & McConlhe, Jackson- 
ville. Fla. 
Jas. H. Billington & Co.. Pliila., Pa. 
J. H. Woolsey & Co., St. Paul, Mini). 
Dunham, Carii-an& Co., Ag. for Pac. C, San Fraucisco, Cal. 
HOW TO GROW ^^«iVs'.°'* 
and make Tuberose Bloom, Bent free to all who 
addres8 CHAS. T. STARK, Avondale, Chester Co., Pa. 
^ sTge okange^eedT 
"We have a lot as choice as any ever oflV-red for sale. TVe 
warrant every ^ain of it to be of the gTo\\th of 1S74. We 
know it to be fresh and good, and will mail samples for 
testing to any that may desire it. 
Our prices for the next 30 days will be as follows : 
1 tolOBuBhels per bushel ...f6.00 
10 to 30 " *' " .... 5.50 
30 bushels and over " " 5.00 
PLANT SEED COJIPANT. 
St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 9, 1875. "Wholesale Seed Dealers. 
Established 1815. 
nAATA Fine everblooming and other roses sent 
Kll^tu s^f*"!? ^J ^^'1 post-paid everywhere, and 
■ I wJ %# M^r their safe arrival guaranteed. 
6 f'TSl ; 14 fur is'^, A splendid premium rose with 
eaeti packa.,'!' when ten cents is added. A lari^e collecti'in 
of beddins: plaut!^, shrubbery, &c. CATALOGUE 
FREE TO ALl.. Address 
JOSEPH T. PHTM.IPS, 
West Grove, Chester Co., Pa. 
THE BEST AND CHEAPEST. 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue 
FKEE. Address 
W. H. RETD, 
Rochester, N. Y. 
POMO:\A I^nesSERV.— The largest and 
best Small Fruits, Trees and Plants of tlic ninst de- 
sirahle kinds. Send for Illustrated Catalo-rnc, 'M p'^t^'es, tell- 
ing what and how to plant, with ;'6 years' exnorirnce. 
WM. PAI;p;Y, Oitinatninson, N'. J. 
EARLY CHAMPION 
SEEDS. 
GRAPE, 
Beat early Grape known. Tico rceelca earlier thai} H. Pro- 
liflc. Charles Downing and P. Barry call It superior to it in 
both heayit'j and qnalit>j. Fruit large and handsome. 
Bunches cnmpact, color and appearance of Concord, Vig- 
orous grower. Tmniense bearer. %\. each; $10 per dozen, 
postpaid on receipt of pnee. 
DONNELLY & CO.. Rochester. N. Y. 
GRAPE VINEIii. 
GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICES. 
Besides a fine stock of ali^ Leatung Varieties, we offer 
the Largest Assortment and Best Collectiox of New 
AND Rare Sorts. Plants warranted genuine and of the 
Best Quality. Priee Lists frratis. 
Address, BUSH & SON & MEISSNER, 
Bushberg, JefTeraon Co., Mo. 
O A A A A i'k Strawberrv and other Small Fniit Plants. 
^\f\f ^M\l\ ; Peach and other Fruit Trees and Nurserv 
Stock atqnw prices. Address CHAS. BLACK, Village 
Nurseries, Hightstown. N. J. 
OrR ILLISTRATEIJ CATALOGUE 
Of New and Rare Plants, 
For 1875, 
Ib now ready, and will be* sent free to all applicants. 
IIOVEV & CO., 
53 North Market St., Boston, Dlaaa. 
ROCHESTER 
COMMERCIAL 
[Established 18 ».] NURSERIES. 
PRING Price List, per do/.. 1IX1, and unio. of Trees 
I 
per 
aiid~PIaut-s, including' a select list of Specialties 
and Novelties, FREE to all. Beautiful new Orna- 
mental Calalou'Ue, 10 CtS. Address 
\V. S. L.IT TL.^', Rochester. N. Y. 
Smith's Superior Onion Seed. 
AVarraiited FRESH. PUiiE, REI.IABL.E. 
Onion seed growhiix i^ a specialty with me, :ind I have 
testimonials from rner 30 States and Territories where my 
seed was used in 1874. 
Sent fi'cc by mail as Ibllows : 
Early Round Tcllow Danvcrs Per oz., 30c.; per lb., $4.25 
Lar^e lied Wetlierslield " iric.; " $3.25 
Wiiite Portugal, or Silverskin " 31c.; " |4 00 
Cash must accotnpiiiiv the order. Address 
EU"U*ARL) SMITH. Coila, Wasliiiigton Co.. X. T. 
SUGAR BEET.-The best to raise for stock. Seed 
loz.flOt.; '4 lb., 25c.; M lb., 50c. ; lib.. We. ; 41bB.. $3J25. 
Potatoes, by mail : Snotrflake, 1 lb. ^ic. ; 4 lbs., $2.50 ; Early 
Vermont, Comptoit^s Sm-prive. and £roic7ieU*t! Jieatiti/, each, 
1 lb., 40c.; 4 lbs.. $1.00: by exprcse (2nd size), 1 peck, T5c.: 
H bush., $1.25; bush., ¥2.00 ; bbl., $5.00. 
White Prob'<teier Oats, k bushel, 75c. ; bushel, $1.25. 
AddresB, DAVID R. WOOD, Morrisville, Lamoille Co., Vt. 
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS, 
SEEDS and POTATOES. 
The largest and most complete roll-actions in the U. S.— 
Everything warranteu true to name. Catalo^^UL-s and Price 
Lisls fiee. Address 
REISIG *fe HEXAMER, 
New Castle, AVestcliester Co., N. Y. 
KNOX NURSEEIES7EstaFd inTlSSiT 
General snppUea for Nnrseirmen, Agents, and Planters 1 
cbeapt well c:rown* ana trae to name. 
J. H. SIMPSON, Vincennes, Ind. 
PKAIS Souvenir du Congress, Strawberries, 
&c. Cions ot" Souvenir du Coniirese, Brockworili Park, 
,^nd otiier new pears; al-o of newapples. Best Strawberiie.'', 
Raspberries, &e. Egss from ISronze Turkeys, Pekiu Ducks, 
aud other choice fowls. Send for descriptive ciitalo-iue. 
W. S. CARPENTER & SON. Rye, Westchester Co., N. T. 
Wilsoii^s Early Blackberry, $20 per 1,000. 
Strawberries. ]i\ viiririies. Raspberiies— Brandy v\ine. 
Herstine, Saunders, Hi;:hiaud Hardy, &c. Berr?/ L'a-^kem und 
Crates. R. H. HAINES, .Malden-on-the-Hud'^on, N. Y. 
Wilson Strawberries, $2 per M. ; Dorchester 
iOackberrit's, Best kind. $7; .Mannnoth CI. and Doo- 
little Rasps.. $7. Sweet Com, l.iri^e and eailiest, iieif, 30 Ct8. 
pt. S. T. DUFEELL, Yard Ville, N. Jersey. 
ISTRAWBERRY^ PKAXTS, 
choicest kinds, for ?ale hy E. P. ROE, (aultior of" P.'ar/ and 
l\oJit in my Garden," "Opening n che-^lnut Burr," &c.). 
Send for Circular. Addres^s :it 
Highland Falls, Orange Co.,N. Y. 
AMAZON RED EASPBERRY. 
300 per cent ahead of all other varieties. Deseripiive Cir- 
cuhirs with origm, &r.. Free. iSpeciiil rates to dealers.) 
Pliints per doz. and 100 scut bv nniil. (Be^t of reference 
given.) Address J. & W. K. JfDEFIND. 
Edesville, Kent Co.. Md.. 
Proprietors Amazon Nurseries. 
CI>o^vnicB«:^ All»niiy ^oe«lliiig-, 
• Ken-uekv and Buyden's No. 30 Strawberrv Ph\nts $3 
per 1.000. Wilson Earlv Blackberries. $18 per 1,000. Kit- 
tattinnv B. B..$ti per l,i:00. Braiidywine Raspberry, $20 per 
l.dOO. Cherry Currant*. $5 pr-r lon. c. C. Asparagus, ! year, 
$4 per. 1.000. Concord Grapes, 25 cIs. each. Snowflake Po- 
tatoes, 60 CtS. per li>.; .?4 per peck. 
Price-List on application. 
SAMlEli C. DE COtr, 
Mooresto^vn, Burlington Co., N. J. 
TURNER'S RASPBERRY. 
SEND to lle;idfiuart''rs for crennine plants of the orisinal 
stock, 50 cents per 10, $1 per 25. by mail ; $2 per 100 ; low 
per 1,000, or will exchange. 
ISAAC BALDWIN", 
P. O. Box, :m, Jack-^onvi lle. 111. 
S15 TO $25 PER DAY! 
Lo^1l .\[:ents wnntcd ro s^n Tiiokford's Cd^bra^ed 
Automatic Family Knittinsr Machines. 
Extriiordinarv iiiducf im-pits ottered to tirst-eluss Ge.nkral 
Agkvts F-'r ("in-iilu- -uid full parti. 'rthivsi. .-idfU-ces 
BICKFOED KNITTING MACHINE MTG. CO., 
Sol« Mauiifaclurers, Uiatticboru, Vt. 
