122 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[April, 
Contents for April, 1875. 
m 
Animals, Feeding, Profitably 1S9 
Barn, a Dairy 4 Itlvsirations. .140 
Beans, Field 141 
Bee-hive, Voices from the 132 
iJelt, How to Lace a 3 Jllmtralions..'lSS 
Boys and Girls Columns— April— Have Butterflies 
Feathers ?— Answers to Puzzle. Pictures — Pyxidan- 
thera and Dogs— Aunt Sue's Chals— The Alarm- 
Aunt Sue's Pnzzle-Box— Something about Air- 
Tired Little Kobbie— The Geese and the Spitz 
i niusiraUons ' 147—150 
Catalogues Received 133 
Cattle, Pair of Young Jersey Illustrated..!^ 
Cattle, Prize Short-horn llludrated . .135 
Chicken Coops from Barrels 2 Jllustrations . .\Z9 
Congressional Imposition 130 
Eulalia and Robert Buist 133 
Feed Cooker, Cheap and Handy '2 Illustrations.. \i9 
Field-Markers ^ Illustrations . .IZi 
Flower-Garden for April 1'24 
Fruit Garden for April 1'23 
Gardening Success Under Difliculties 134 
Gate Sliding ' Illustrated. .140 
Greenhouse and "Window Plants for April 125 
Hand-OTasses Z Illustrations.. V^ 
Hay for Market, Baling 5 Jllust?-ations. .121 
Homesteader Illustrafed..!^ 
Ilonsehold Deparlmeut — Will the Coming Woman 
Fry? — Place for the Slop-jar— Parlor Matches — Car- 
pet Stretcher — Steam in the Kitchen — What shall we 
Have for Breakfast ?— White Rolls. .4 111 145-147 
House Plan G Illustrations. . 128 
Kitchen Garden for April 124 
Lawn and Grounds for April 124 
Manire from the Sea 141 
Market-Gardens, Extra Plowing 12,S 
Market-Gardens, Failures in 144 
Market Report for April 125 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 62 — Jersey Cattle — Wants 
to be a Farmer — Deep-Can System — Farm-Honse 
Drainage— Liquid Manure Vat— Value of Crops for 
Manure 130-132 
Orchard and Nursery for April 123 
Palms as Decorative Plants Illustrated.. US 
Passion-Fl©wers 145 
Patent Medicines...- 159 
Peat Swamps and Wet Prairie, Reclaiming 139 
Plow, Value of Gang 135 
Ponlti-y House and Nest 3 Illustrations.. 133 
Practice and Science Agree 141 
Propagating Case or Forcing Pit 145 
Quail, Arizona Illustrated. .141 
Science Applied to Farming 130 
Snake's Eggs 141 
Bail Boats and their Rig Illustrated. .138 
Stone-Boats 3 Illustrations. . 128 
Straw Mats or Screens T Illustrations.. 14i 
Tomatoes, Training Illustrated.. 145 
Turkeys, Management of Young... 140 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 136— Cold Win- 
ter—Good Farming — Apples — Orchards— Wool- 
Merino Ewes 136-137 
Work, Hints Aboiit 122 
INDEX TO " BASKET," OR SHORTEU ARTICLES. 
Advertisements, Unfortu- 
nate 126 
Agricultural Dealers,Wide 
Awake 158 
Am. Pomological'Society.126 
Apples, Trouble with . . . .1.59 
Are you Going to Paint?. 1.58 
Ashes .127 
Blackberry, Snyder 127 
Book on Farmin-r 127 
Butterand E-g Ass., Nat.157 
Butter Package, Metallic 
Iltuslral£d 127 
Cabbages. Ga^ Lime for, 158 
Calves, Treatment of . . .158 
Catalogues, Illustrated. ..127 
Cheese Competition . . .157 
Codling Motli and Paris 
Green 159 
Cold Spriiv.;s after Warm 
Winters 127 
Corn Cmslter ... 1.58 
Corn, Plowing for 1.5S 
Daily Record 126 
Ecrasenr 127 
Egyptian Corn and Japan 1 
Pea 1.581 
Fowls, Black Spanish 1.58' 
Grape Vine. Patent 1581 
Hedges in Kentucky 127' 
Horse, How to Feed 
Horse, to Prevent Rolling, 
Horticulture in Wisco'n, 
Hyacintlis and Camellias, 
Lai)els, Zinc 
Making Manure 
Manure, Covering 
Manure, Spreading 
Mole-trap, Cheap 
No Name 
Peach on Poplar 
Pigs and Pork 
JPigs, Over-Feeding 
Pomological Soc, S. Ha- 
ven 
Pumpkin-seed for Cows. , 
Rock Drill Machine 
Sawing Wood by Hand- 
Power 
Slieep 
Sheep Laurel 
Sundry Tltimbugs 
Suphe'rplu)sphate Mapes' 
Thrush, Treatment of. . . 
Walks and Talks Corre, 
sp<indence 
Whitewashes. Out-door,, 
Wooden and Brick Build- 
ings 
158 
,1.58 
,1.59 
,159 
159 
169 
168 
168 
157 
167 
127 
168 
108 
158 
1.5S 
127 
158 
1.58 
1.58 
12C. 
'157 
159 
1.59 
,157 
126 
Still anotlK-r Use foi- OIrt Cans.— 
Mr. Jonathan Huggins, Sec'y. Bunker Hill, (HI.) Farra- 
«r's Club, and a well known horticulturist and lover of 
birds, writes that lie makes use of discarded fruit and 
oyster cane for bird houses. We thank liim for this hint, 
and it is not too late for onr readers to net itpon it. 
Calendar for April. 
jV. i'.C'iti/. C'i., 
Philadelphia^ 
New Jersey. 
I'enji.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
n.yl 
5 -15 
5 41 
r, il 
5 40 
S 38 
5 36 
5 34 
5 83 
5 3 
n.M 
6 24 
6 26 
6 27 
6 2h 
6 29 
6 30 
6 31 
6 S! 
6 
5 29 6 »< 
5 28 6 S-. 
5 26 6 36 
5 im 37 
5 24 6 31 
5 32 6 .39 
5 21 6 40 
5 W6 41 
5 17:6 42 
. 16 S 44 
14,6 45 
5 13 6 4(i 
5 116 47 
5 10 6 4S 
9 6 49 
7ls .'•.0 
616 ni 
.^i 6 52 
3 6 r>3 
2ln .54 
0'6 -<-i 
Mo'n 
rises. 
5 30 
4 S 
4 31 
4 r.7 
6 21 
set'? 
8 36 
9 56 
n 16 
morn 
21 
1 il 
2 r. 
2 .')4 
3 2-. 
3 40 
4 12 
4 32 
4 51 
rises 
7 59 
9 I 
10 3 
11 
morn 
2 
m 
1 27 
2 I 
2 30 
}Va.shi7igton, 
Mari/land, 
Virginia .Ken. 
iuckt/. Minffou- 
ri, and Cali- 
fornia. 
IT.M 
5 46 
5 45 
r. 43 
5 41 
5 40 
6 31 
S 36 
r. 3,-, 
5 33 
5 31 
6 SO 
5 28 
r. 27 
r. 26 
5 24 
5 23 
5 22 
5 20 
5 19 
5 17 
5 16 
5 14 
6 13 
n.M 
6 23 
6 21 
2,-1 
6 26 
6 27 
6 28 
6 29 
6 SO 
6 31 
6 32 
6 33 
6 34 
6 3,1 
6 36 
6 37 
6 38 
6 39 
6 40 
6 4t 
6 42 
6 43 
6 44 
6 4-. 
6 46 
6 47 
6 48 
6 49 
fi m 
Sl6 51 
n. M. 
2 24 
3 59 
4 28 
4 55 
5 21 
sets 
8 31 
9 50 
11 09 
morn 
20 
1 20 
2 9 
2 48 
3 21 
3 40 
4 10 
4 32 
4 53 
rises 
7 S3 
8 55 
9 r<i 
10 59 
11 S5 
morn 
43 
1 21 
2 56 
2 26 
THASES OF THE MOON. 
MOON. inOSTON. V. YORK, WASH'N. CnA'STONlCUICAGO. 
New M'li a 
1st Quart 12 
Full M'n JO 
3dQuart.l28 
u. >r. 
1 52 mo. 
4 59 ev. 
11 46 nio. 
2 33 ev. 
rr. jt. 
1 40 rao. 
4 37 ev. 
11 34 mo. 
2 21 ev 
n. JT, 
1 28 mo 
4 25 ev 
11 2i 1110 
i 2 9 ev. 
n. 5t. 
u. >f. 
1 16 mo.l 46 mo. 
4 13 ev. ■■; 43 ev. 
U 10 nio.llO 40mo. 
1 57 ev. : 1 27 ev. 
AMERICAN AGRirULTURIST. 
NEW TORK, APRIL, 1875. 
It is now the beginning of a new year to tlie 
farmer. How the year will end, depends less upon 
accident than upon foresight and good manage- 
ment. In all the older states the soil has yielded 
up its first fruits, and now nothing comes out of it 
that is not first put into it. True, the soil every- 
where is a vast storehouse filled ■with riches, but it 
is safely locked, and only those who possess and 
use the key can touch the wealth secured therein. 
By no trickery or fraud can one gain admission to 
it. It is only by honest, skUlful labor that it can be 
reached. Hence it is that the farmer's profession 
is in its nature an honest and dignified one. He 
cannot adulterate, he cannot cheat the soil ; there 
are no byways to wealth for him but hard labor and 
skillful work, and he canliveonly by wliathe earns. 
But blindly directed or unskillftil work will bring 
to the fanner only the poorest return, as in fact it 
does and must do to every worker in any other of 
the world's industries. Skill In farming does not 
■wholly consist in raising large crops, but in raising 
those that produce the most money. Just now it 
may be noticed that 56 lbs. of the best No. 1 spring 
wheat sell at the seaboard for Sl.lO, while 4S lbs. 
of barley brings $1.40 ; at the sametime the world's 
markets are crowded with wheat, and granaries are 
ready to pour out an overflowing stream. Had not 
com been a failure in many extensive localities, it 
would have again been ofEered for 20 cents a 
bushel, orbumingin thousands of stoves. Also we 
find that a well fed cow will yield over $50 worth 
of cheese in a season of six months, while thousands 
of acres of the best native grass lands in the west 
are plowed up yearly to make fields for the ever- 
lasting corn ; $50 worth of cheese can be sent to an 
eastern market for .?2 in freight, but $50 worth of 
corn or wheat will cost $30 in freight, leaving in 
one case S4S, and in the other, but $20 for the farm- 
er's profit. The cost of producing these articles 
also differs in about the same ratio. Again the 
wheat is shipped away to English markets, and 
wool and woolen goods brought back in exchange, 
and the western farmer with his narrow profits 
buys these goods, while his magnificent prairies 
have not one sheep to crop their most nutritious 
and healthful grasses, where there might be a 
thousand. Then the western farmer raises flax and 
sells the seed to the mills, where it is made into oil 
and oilcal«e ; but that oilcake goes to England to 
feed cattle and to enrich those fields which com- 
pete with our own, while beef in eastern cities is 
25 cents a pound. At the same time the flax fiber 
is made into manure, and the fanner buys Irish and 
Scotch linens with the money he gets from these 
linen weavers for his wheat, which is carried 5,000 
miles to feed them. It may be that this cannot be 
helped, but it looks as though farmers ought to 
grow less wheat and com, and more grass, and 
make more cheese, beet, mutton, and wool. At 
any rate, there is food for reflection in all these facts.. 
Bints ahont 'Work. 
How to Work. — As order is kept by having a place 
for everything, and keeping everything in its place, 
so work succeeds best when it is rightly done, and 
at the right time. There are a best and a worst way 
of doing everything, and a best and a worst time 
for doing it. One who has well considered his sea- 
son's work and has a list of all that has to be done 
will go right ; one labor will succeed another with 
regularity, and each will be weU done. Every job 
should tell. There should be no making holes and 
filling them up again on a farm, no hand-work 
where machines can be used ; no small weeds left 
to grow large ; no manure kept wasting by the rain 
or baked ii) the stm while crops are starving for 
it ; no work don&twice over ; no cattle 'starved or 
allowed to puffer and fail, to be restored at a greater 
cost than they are worth ; everything should be 
ahead, and work must be driven and not be allowed 
to drive. The head must guide the hands always. 
Hired men, — Get the best hands, and Jceep them. 
When a man has become used to his work and his 
employer, he is worth more than a stranger. There 
is a way of making men interested in their work, of 
satisfying their self-respect, treatiiig them courte- 
ously and reasonably, giving them credit for suc- 
cess, while holding them strictly responsible for 
failures, and above all, by paying them promptly 
and liberally, that will make their work worth dou- 
ble what it would otherwise be. As land advances 
in price, more labor must be expended on it to 
make it pay a profit, and by and by we must have 
a settled laboring class. We are now in process of 
educating this class of men, and must do it by good 
management. Give each hired man a copy of the 
Agriculturist to read and study ; the money it will 
cost in a year will be saved every month. 
Plowing, Harrowing, and RoUing. — -Begin as soon 
as the ground is dry and mellow, and sow as soon 
as it is prepared. Where the soil is mellow it is not 
necessary to harrow before sowing, unless the drill 
is used. The use of the roller after so'wing is in- 
valuable at this season. It compacts the soil about 
the seed and levels the surface for the harvesters. 
If you have no roller, give a carpenter a copy of the 
JIarch Agricvltririst, and let him make one from the 
directions and illustrations there given ; or, buy an 
iron one at once from an implement dealer. The 
roller is an almost indispensable field implement. 
Barley. — A warm, dry, rich loam is the best barley 
soil, but a clay soil if well mellowed and dry, will 
bring a good crop. Sow two bushels per acre, witi 
the drill, as fastas the land is plowed and harrowed, 
but it broadcast, use half a bushel more of seed, 
and harrow. Roll after sowing in either case, or 
when the barley is two inches high. Either the 
2-rowed or 6-roived may be sown ; the first is the 
heavier, and the latter higher priced in the market. 
Clover and ffra.':s-Seed. — There is no better crop 
to seed ■with than barley. Six quarts of clover and 
four of timothy is the quantity per acre. Sow be- 
fore the land is rolled. We have frequently sown 
a peck of clover-seed per acre with oats with suc- 
cess in every ease, but never used more than 2i 
bushels of oats for seed. With this thin seeding 
the clover is not smothered, and in good ground 
the oats ivfll be heavy enough. Grass and clover 
may be sown alone upon fine mellow soil, and if 
the ground is rich, may yield a cutting of hay in 
June or July. Orchard grass succeeds well in this 
way. Gaboon's broadcast sower will sow four 
acres with grass, clover, etc., in an hour. 
Oats.— SoWs th.at are moist, or ncwly-pIowed sod, 
should be so^wn to oats in preference to barley. Sow - 
