1S75.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
129 
work, or tbc harmony of the front elevation The 
Cornice of the main building is bracketed, and pro- 
jects sufBcicnt to relieve it of the stunted look so 
CELLAR. — Scale, 8 feet to 1 inch. 
<^ 
common to country houses. The brackets are 
made of 2x4 inch timber, in three pieces each, mi- 
tred to the angles required, and nailed together, 
(see fig. 6), making an efl'ective support and pleas- 
ant appearance. .. .A large saving in expense of 
foundations is secured by the following method of 
construction, (see section of foundation and frame, 
fig. 5). The excavation is made for the cellar 2i 
feet deep. A foundation of 8-inch brick-work, 3 ft. 
high, or 6 inches above the level of the ground only 
is required. A Sill of 3x8 inch timber is laid on, and 
"flush" with the inside of the wall, to provide 
nailing for the wainscoting of the basement, it it 
is afterwards finished otf The beams or joists 
for the first floor are supported by a plank strip 5 
Inches wide, let into the inside of the frame at a 
proper bight, and securely 
fastened with heavy nails. 
The other parts of the framing 
are executed, and the whole 
raised in the usual manner 
The inclosing, or siding, below 
the first stor}-, is of 10-inch 
boards rabbeted and cross- 
grooved in imitation of large 
stone-work, and painted in 
contrast with the principal 
body of the house, and the 
water-table is put just above 
them Many small houses in 
the country are built without 
any permanent foundation, 
but are temporarily supported 
on posts set in the ground, and 
"boarded down." They are 
always shaky, and doubtful 
while they stand, and are fre- 
quently blown over altogether. 
As will be readily seen, the 
above method provides for the 
saving of one-half of the 
mason-work in the foundation. 
In many places stone is abund- 
ant, and will answer the same 
purpose as brick in this case, 
except for the 6 inches above 
ground, and the laying up of a 
single-face wall, 2J feet of 
rough stone and mortar, 
would cost but a trifle. If the cellar should 
be finished at any time for basement purposes, 
these walls would be much drier and more health- 
ful than when the walls are entirely of masonry. In 
this case it would be preferable to have the founda- 
tion walls, or the wood-work above, 6 inches higher, 
so as to have the basement rooms T f t. in the clear. . . . 
Several houses have been built on this plan in vil- 
lages, and in most eases it has been decided not to 
have any rear outside door for the first story (fig. 3), 
but to wait until a kitchen could be finished in the 
front part of the cellar, when the rear entrance 
would be by the area to the kitchen. In the plan, 
(fig. 3), we have indicated two rear windows, but a 
door may take the place of either of them. We have 
also indicated bj" dotted lines where pantry, sink, 
etc., may be placed in the corner, according to 
the wishes of the proprietor There is but 
one chimney. The parlor is heated by running 
a stove-pipe through earthen thimbles placed in the 
partitions under the stairs, to the chimney, which is 
perfectly safe, and no heat is lost. When desired, 
a fire-place, or stove-pipe fine, may be carried up 
through the parlor, as well as through the living- 
room, and the two be brought together above the 
stairs into one chimney The Second Story, 
(fig. 4), may be divided into three rooms, the front 
one being 13 x 15 feet ; or, if preferred, this front 
room may be divided into two smaller rooms, as 
„.^, indicated by the dotted lines. One may be 8 x 12, 
I and the other 6i x 12. The latter would be large 
I enough for an ordinary bed, (4ix6i feet), with 
1 stand or chair by the window ; and in this case a 
I small closet could be cut off from the comer, open- 
ing into the large room, as shown by the dotted lines. 
Cost. — The following estimate in detail at pres- 
ent prices, near this city, will enable any one to de- 
termine the cost of building by this plan. Allow- 
ance can be made for any difference in cost of ma- 
terials or labor as required in other localities : 
43 yards Excavation, (^ 20c. per vard P.IO 
e.iluO liiick, laid complete, ® tl',V 1000 50.00 
IKlB feet Timber, ® 2J<c. per loot t36.81 
viz. 2 Sills, 3x8 in. x29 ft. long. 2 Sills. 3xS in. Xl6 ft. Ions. 
4Posts,4x7 in. xJl ft. long. 2ane:ims,3x8in. xl6ft. long 
2 Ties, 4x6 in. x29 ft. loiiR. 2 Plates, 4x6 In. x 29 it. loni; 
2 Ties, 4x6 in. xlfi ft. lung. 2 Plates, 4xli in. 1 16 ft. long 
32 Raftei-«, 3x4 inches xl2 feet long, (ij 20c 6.40 
200 Wall Strips 2x4 Inches il3 feet long. @ 16c 32.00 
162 Novelty Silling Boards, 91^ inches, @ 35c 56.70 
2»ltalibeted Siding, 10 Inches, O 3.ic 9.S0 
97 Flooring Sprnce, 9k inches, &:^c 33.95 
123 Shingling Lath, lHx2 inches, @ 6c 7.33 
22 bunches Shingles. IS inches, @ $2.2.1 49..10 
H Windows wilh Blinds, two storli-s, 9 @$8; 5® f3 87.00 
2 Stalls, $25 ; 11 Doora and Trimmings, $44 Oii.oo 
1 Stoop Materials 10.00 
14 rough Spruce Plank, IJ^ilO inches, @ 30c 4.20 
100 feet Cornice Materials 20.00 
Carpenter's Labor, (not included above) 150.00 
350 yards Plasleiing, 3 coats, @ 35c 122.50 
Cartape, average one mile 16.00 
Painting, two coats , . 50.00 
Extras, lor Tin, Nails, etc 40.16 
Feeding Animals Profitably. 
Non-scientific readers will probably find some dif- 
culty in fully understanding the articles by Frof. 
Atwater, but they are of the highest importance to 
every practical man who has a single animal to feed, 
Total Cost In above style. , 
.{900.00 
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t,<v^K-.',>ag 
CHAMBER 
CHAMBER 
CHAMBER 
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Fig. 
3. — FIBST STORY. — Scale, 8 feet to 1 inch. 
By otplssion of Blinds, and in other ways, the cost 
can be reduced $100 or more, iu many localities. 
Fig. 4. — SECOND STOET. — Scalc, 8 feet to 1 inch, 
and however hard the task, we advise every such 
owner to go over and over these articles, beginning 
with No. 1 in January, until he fully comprehends 
them, for it will amply pay in the end to do this. 
Let us state briefly the drift of No. IV in another 
column — with the previous chapter, and one or two 
to come. Certain articles used in feeding contain 
elements that are digestible in port, and in part not 
digestible. The digestible portions form flesh, fat, 
heat, etc., while the indigestible portions go out as 
excrements, or manure. But the undigested parts 
of the organic elements in the fodder contain nutri- 
ment which will be useful if they can be digest- 
ed. Now the investigations of science, with the 
experiments made at the Experiment Stations, 
prove beyond doubt that it is possible so to combine fod- , 
dcring materials that a great deal of what ordinarily 
goes into jnannre may be digested and turned into^flesh, 
etc. For example, straw does not differ greatly in 
actual composition from hay, 
yet it is far less nutritious, as 
ordinarily fed, because a much 
smaller part of it is digested. 
Yet the Experimental Stations 
are showing that a small ad- 
dition of certain other mate- 
rials will enable the animal to 
digest and turn to profitable 
account a much larger propor- 
tion of the straw, and by so 
much increase the feeder's real 
profits. More profit from the 
same labor and expense is just 
what we are all looking after, 
andwehave no hesitancy in asserting that in this di- 
rection, OS well as in many others, science is rapidly 
coming to aid farmers very greatly. If the aid of 
science helps to saving only one dollar on each ani- 
mal during a year, would it not pay to study the 
principles of feeding ? A recent estimate makes the 
number of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine in New 
England alone, 3,534,100, (cows, 705,400; oxen, 
etc., 690,400; horses, 413,700; sheep, 1,425,700; 
swine, 288,900). A saving of SI per head a year in 
feeding will make over three and a half million 
dollars ! And this is going to be accomplished ere 
long, and much more also, by the aid of science. 
The German farmers are doing it now, through the 
knowledge obtained at their Experiment Stations. 
Fig. 6. 
