1875.] 
AMERICAN AGRIGULTUmST. 
thorouslily dried, both inside and out, before add- 
ing tlio second coat. It must be evident to any one 
tluit much of tlic water used in the pUislering must 
pcrculati' through and Ihorouffhly saturate every 
part of a liousc. Suflicicnt time should be allowed 
for this moisture to pass off, and the whole house 
to become dried out The nails should theu be 
"set," which will tighten up permanently all the 
laps in the siding, after which the work should be 
properly puttied and (he second coat applied. Au- 
tumn is the best season to paint, after the extreme 
heat has passed, and insects have disajipeared ; the 
process of drying will be slower, and more perfect, 
with less waste by evaporation, leaving a smooth 
solid surface. I am often asked *' toltat cotot' to 
paint?" Notwithstanding ninch has been said 
against white for outside painting, and the assur- 
ance that there are many cases where white would 
not be suitable, or thought of, yet I believe that for 
suitability and good taste in nine cases out of ten 
very light colors, or pure white arc indicated. I 
have known instances where much time has been 
spent to discover a suitable color for a house, where 
nearly all the different pigments were drawn from, 
and after much mixing and testing, the result has 
generally been an unknown and unnamed shade, as 
if everything depended on some sentimental 
*' blending with the back ground," or in other 
words, painting the house out of sight. As a rule 
Fig. 4. — PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR. 
paint so as to best reveal the true character of 
the building, and this is best done when the colors 
afford the foundation for the natural shadows 
that result from the true and actual projections. 
Cost: The following items, prepared with care, 
embrace the full bill of materials, and labor re- 
quired iu the construction of this house, together 
with their present cost in the vicinity of New York : 
.~)7 yaidn Kxo:iviition, ii -Jflc. per vjini $11.40 
l.VmO I'.rii'l;, mniishi-d and hiiil, ® »r> f 1000 19.V00 
.■|Oll yunU l.iilli and I"l .Meriiis, a S'"'. per yiird ITS.Oli 
S'^ IVti Stoiii' Sti-iH and (Jopiuir. @ 4()c. per loot 11. JO 
Ifi lei-t Stori.' SilLs. (Hi mc. pL-r foot 4 80 
W370 fi'ft I iin1).-r, ^i* -Ji^c. per loot 53.31 
Ylz. -i s\[\n. 1x7 in. i30 ft. long. (i Posts, 4x7 in. x'Kl ft. lone. 
:;siii«, 1x7 ill. X ;;ft. ions. 
1 lilrt. JxSln. I Hi ft. lonjf. 
1 (iirt, 4x1 in. X 8 ft. Ions. 
SC ni-imi.3x7 in. x;-i ft. lone. 
" Ue;ini9. ::x7 in. Xl5 ft. Ion;;, 
_ W;ill Strips Jll 
aOO Novelty .SiillMitl'oirds,!!'^ inclie«. @ :Bc. Ciicli.... 7(i.l)0 
Hill |)cmnd< Tarred Paper. r.-J -.c. per lb 8.00 
128 ton^ined and -i-ooved Floorinc:, 9^ inches, (a3.')Cea 44.S0 
2 Ties, 4x0 ill. i3ort. loiiit. 
2 'ries. 4x6 in. i il tt. lorn;. 
2 Plates. Jxfiin.lSlft.loil'. 
2 Plata's, 4x6 in.x'Jl ft. I'l:. 
Pieces. 3x7 m. x 10 ft. I'i. 
110 Heniloi-lc Hoards. ..« '.'lie. 
9"^ Soiiares of Tin Uoolliif;, (^ Oc. per foot 
120 feet Cornice, ;!0e. per foot 
711 feet (iiltter and Leader, Iflc. per foot 
1 Bay Window Willi lUirids (emnpletel 
Materials in Stoop, Lobliy. Balcony, Hood, and Cor- 
ner boards 
a Wiiidow-i Willi Blinds, (completel @ $10 eacli 
4 Collar Windows, (eoinplctel, t5 $t eacli 
24 Do >r9. (Coniplete), @ $10 each 
SStairs, (complete) 
2 Marlde Manlels anil 4 Pine Mantli^a 
2. '.no 
8S.r.n 
36.00 
11.10 
75.00 
78 00 
12S00 
1600 
240.00 
.SO.OO 
75.011 
llaw-Board.iand slielvniK 25.cWi 
Nails. Slal;. and Pnrap 34.00 
Carta-je, average one mile 40.00 
Carpenter's Labor fmt inelnded above) S'O.i 
Paiiitinz. two coats 100.00 
Extra for Girder Supports, Gi-ntling, etc 60.SS 
Total cost of materials anrt constrnetinn 12,000.00 
Probably the average cost, throughout the coun- 
try, may be a little less, as brick and wood are 
cheaper in most localities. Where uceeesory to 
economize more, Eome saving may be effected in 
blinds, stone steps, etc., but the small additional 
cost of these will be amply repaid where it can be 
possibly afforded. 
The Element of Pluck. 
People in pecuniary misfortune, in estimating 
their liabilities and resources, seldom consider 
among the latter the element of pluck. The ten- 
dency with nearly all unfortunates is to magnify 
difficultie>-i, and underrate or wholly forget their 
power to overcome them. A man in good health, 
with unsullied character, need fear no evil, nor be 
robbed of his happiness, no matter how adversely 
things may appear. If he is heavily in debt, and 
can satisfy the community that he is straining 
every nerve and appropriating all his resources 
to discharge his obligations, tbere is no danger of 
his losing a well-eanied reputation, and there ia 
no reason why he should not be cheerful in his 
family and joyous in his own heart. The self-eon- 
eciousness of intogrily, coupled with the approving 
smile of the Father above, should enable a man to 
face every foe and surmount every difBculty. If 
instead of burdensome debt, he is overtaken by fire 
or ilood, so that the accumulated comforts of years 
are swept away in an hour, he gains nothing by 
sitting down, folding his arms, and weeping over 
his misfortune. " Up and at it," is a familiar, but 
expressive phrase. Pluck is a lever that upheaves 
difficulties. Before a resolute man, the green withea 
of adversity snap like threads of tow. It is not 
enough that a man in trouble has physical force to 
execute, and mental clearness to plan, but behind 
both he needs the impelling power of pluck. The 
steam engine may be ever so perfect and bright, 
the engineer ever so competent, but both would be 
unavailable to draw the long line of cars if stimu 
were lacking. Pluck is to a man what steam is to 
the railway train. 
A farmer, a short time ago, came to a well-known 
citizen for advice. He was in low spirits, matters 
had gone wrong with him through loans to friends, 
and speculations outside of his farming business, 
until his debts became exceedingly burdensome. 
Unaccustomed to such interruptions in his hitherto 
unwavering success, his spirits gave way. Brood- 
ing over his troubles, he became morose and 
gloomy. He had no cheerful words for family or 
friends. He allowed trifling causes to keep him 
from church, and instead of listening to the en- 
couragement of the gospel, he moped on Sundays 
around his house and bams. Wherever he went he 
carried a " hang-dog look," and whatever he did, 
was done feebly, as though strength and ambition 
Vere both gone. In this condition of things a 
friend advised him to open his mind to the citizen 
above mentioned, whose long familiarity with tri- 
als made him capable both of sympathy and coun- 
sel. The conversation soon developed the fact that 
the farmer owned a property worth thirty tho\jsand 
dollars, that his entire indebtedness did not exceed 
thirteen thousand dollars, and that his income ex- 
ceeded his outgoes, including interest on his in- 
debtedness, by one thousand dollars. "Why," 
said the citizen, '• have you been disheartened over 
such a condition of affairs as this ? What ! a sur- 
plus of $17,000, and a net income of $1,000 per year 
to apply to your debts, which will grow less and 
less burdensome as successive payments are made. 
Why, my friend, thousands of poor fellows strug- 
gling with debts without any surplus Income, 
would be happy to step into your shoes and sing 
like a lark over their good fortune. There is but one 
thing that is the matter with you, ray friend, you 
have simply lost pZwit.' Tes ! one other— profess- 
ing faith in a Divine Providence, you have also lost 
trunf.^^ — So after many encouraging words on the 
part of the citizen, he bid him good-bye with a 
strong grasp of the hand, and with the parting 
words, "thank you, sir, I feel better." And so he 
did ; his ej-es were opened to realize that, as in the 
case of thousands of others, his troubles were im- 
aginary. How different the spirit of a furniture 
dealer of my acquaintance, whose entire property 
above ground was recently destroyed by fire in a 
single night. Three buildings, a stock of furniture, 
household comforts, wardrobes, keepsakes, indeed 
everything, so that morning found the family dis- 
persed iu friendly dwellings with nothing saved but 
the garments in which they fled. 
But see this man's pluck. In answering a friend's 
sympathizing letter, he writes ; " Your kind letter 
of sympathy at our late mishap was duly received. 
I have so much to tell I hardly know where to be- 
gin. Well, thauk Providence we are all well, In 
excellent health and full of pluck. We have al- 
most forgotten about it, and are tired of talking 
tire, and are ou the go-aheud track only. In less 
than 24 hours we had a store rented, and com- 
menced to get ready for a new start. Some folks 
could not understand how I could take it so coolly, 
and it our loss had not been so complete and total, 
I might have been suspected from my coolness 
of having a hand in it. I have been rusting for 
two years, my son ran the business, while I did the 
playing. But now the rust is pretty well rubbed 
off, and I am about as bright as ten years ago." 
To any one in pecuniary distress, let me suggest 
that the way out of difficulties is not by hang-dog- 
ged-ness, but pluck. C. C. N. 
Science Applied to Farming,— VI. 
By Prof. \V. O. .\twatkk, Wesleyax UstVERSlTT, 
JUiUdtetotvii, Conn, 
How Science is SnTini: iHoney aud lucreaalnff 
tlie Profits of Fnrinlnif— t^" The Proper Time 
for Harvesting Hay and Clover. 
" Haying time " is close at hand, and will bring 
with it an opportunity to jiut in practice some 
principles brought out in previous chapters. And 
while we need Experiment Sttitions of our own to 
add to our knowledge of these principles, yet the 
recent investigations at the European Stations 
have yielded results worthy of careful attention. 
The proper time to cut hay and clover, depends 
1.1/, upon the Feeding Value of the crop gathered ; 
— 3k(/, upom the value of the after-growth ;— 3(/, 
upon the value of the roots and stubble left to 
enrich the soil for another crop. 
The Feediuj Vahie depends : First, upon the 
quautity gathered, and Heeund, upon the greater or 
less proportion of nutritive material it contains. — 
To obtain some detiuite knowledge eoneerning 
these points. Dr. Wagner, director of the Experi- 
ment Station at Darmstadt, selected a portion of 
a field of red elo\cr, where the growth was uui- 
forni, and measured three i)lots, eacli coutaining 
about "3,300 square feet, (8i siiuare rods), numbering 
them I, II, HI. On May 2'2nd, just before the clo- 
ver began to blossom, plot I was mowed, yielding 
8.5 lbs. of cured hay. June 13th, when in full blos- 
som, plot II was mowed, with a yield of 114 lbs. of 
dry hay. July 1st, near the end of blos.soming, 
plot III was cut, and 138 lbs. of dry hay obtained. 
The gain in 40 days. May -22 to July 1, on 8i 
square rods, was 43 lbs., or about 80O lbs. per acre. 
But did the increase of feeding value correspond 
to the gain in weight ? To answer this. Dr. Wagner 
carefully analyzed the several cuttings, and found 
that, as is always the case, the young succulent 
clover was rich in albuminoids, and contained but 
little crude fiber. But as it grew older, the per- 
centage of albuminoids (nitrogen) decreased, while 
the crude fiber as constantly increased. 
Table 7. 
ji 
^1 
TtiP. Orijanic Sub- 
stance of the Bay 
contained 
I.— CCT May ii. 
II.-CtJT June 13. 
m.-Ccr July 1. 
§.■5 
■';~ 

lbs. 
21.9 
36.4 
42.8 
.4S 
I. — lust before blossom... . 
lbs. 
85 
114 
128 
W.2 
90.5 
100.2 
Its. 
11.8 
10 •■* 
Xi'.i 
lbs. 
30.6 
41.9 
III.— Toward end of blossom 
46.9 
Let us study this table carefully. We have pre- 
viously learned that the albuminoids (3d column) 
are the most valuable, and the crude fiber th« least 
