260 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[Jttlt, 
now is. For storing the crops, it will be substitut- 
ed to a great extent for the bam, and instead of the 
bam being a storehouse, it will be only a place for 
accessible to rats and mice, it is made two stories 
in hight, the lower one is used as an open shed for 
storage of wagons and implements, or for a worli- 
Fig. 1. — A PBBSPECTIVE 
lodging and feeding tlie stock. Hay and straw may 
be stacked, and grain kept in a granary, more 
cheaply tlian they can be stored in barn.s, and the 
stables and stackyard will then replace our present 
cumbersome and costly combined stalilcs and barns. 
■EXTERIOR or BIN. 
When grain is thrashed directly from the field, 
and is stored iu bulk, it goes through a process of 
sweating, and if not turned or ventilated, is liable 
to heat and spoil. It is a work 
of considerable labor to turn 
the grain, or moYC it from one 
bin to another. A granary, 
with Tcntilating bins, as here 
illustrated and described^ saves tliis labor. The 
granary is shown at figure 1. That it may not be 
VIEW OF THE GRANABT. 
shop. Access to the granary is gained by an open 
stairway, which, if thought proper, may be hinged 
at the top, and slung up when not iu use. The en- 
graving represents a building 24 feet long, 20 feet 
wide, and 21 feet high. Tlie .shed is 9 feet high, the 
granary 8 feet, and the loft for the storage of corn 
is i feet to the eaves, and if the roof is one-third 
pitch, it is 11 feet high at the center. The frame is 
of heavy timber, to support the weight. The posts 
may be mortised into sills bedded in concrete or 
lime mortar, to preserve them below the level of 
the ground, or the sills may be on stone nnderjiin- 
ning. The posts should be 12 inches square, the 
studs 4 X 12, and the frame well braced witli 
girts. The floors should be of Ir inch plank, and 
be supported by beams of 10x3 timber, placed at 
most 16 inches apart. The building may be covered 
with patent siding, which fits closely to the studs, 
or boards and battens, and is not lined inside, so 
that there is no hiding place for vermin. Tliere is 
a wheel-hoist (like that described in the American 
Af/ricidtiirist for Marcli, 187.3, page 97) in the loft, 
by which bags of grain are elevated from the 
wagons by a rope, at the end of which is a loop or 
sling, made by a piece of wood, with a hole at each 
end, through which llie rope passes, shown at fig. 2. 
The bag of grain is put in this loop to be hoisted. 
The bins are made with a substantial frame of 
2x4 timber, mortised together, and boarded with 
matched inch boards inside of the frame. The bot- 
tom is made sloping, and is raised above the fioor, 
so tliat the floor can be washed or swept when 
needed. This cleanliness will prevent the harbor- 
ing of weevils and other vermin. The form of 
the bins is shown at fig. 3. There is a slide at 
the bottom, by raising which the grain may be 
let out jon to the floor, and shoveled into bags, or 
through the spout seen at a, in figure 4, into bags 
in the wagon in the shed below. A spout in the 
front also enables a portion of the grain to be ran 
into bags without shoveling, and if thought advisa- 
ble, a spout may be earned through the floor from 
each of the slide-doors, with very little expense. 
The spouts are provided witli hooks at the bottom, 
upon which cloth-guides, seen at a, a, fig. 0, are 
hung, to direct the grain into the bags. A space 
is left sufficient to allow a boy to go behind the 
bins and sweep the floor and walls, and there is a 
space of at least 4 feet in the middle of the gran- 
ary between the rows of bins. The bins may be 
made of any desired siee, and separate from each 
other, or in one continuous bin, divided l)y mova- 
ble partitions. Every care should be taken to have 
no cracks or crevices in the bins, floors, or build- 
ing, in which weevils can hide, and the windows 
should be covered with fine wire-gauze, and the 
ventilators in the roof also covered to prevent the 
entrance of the grain-moth, {lima granella), the 
parent of the grub which glues tlie grains of 
wheat, oats, or barley together, to form a nest, 
and which flies abroad from May 
to September, as well as the beetle, 
{Sitojj/iilm ffr(uia)iyx^) the parent 
of the well known weevil which 
eats out the heait of the grain, 
leaving nothing but the husks. In 
such a granary as here described, 
with care in keeping the cracks fill- 
ed with lime-wash, and in sweep- 
ing out dust and i-ubbish, grain may 
be kept without any damage what- 
ever from these and other pests. 
To provide against injury from 
heating, the ventilators shown at 
fig. 5, and at ft, ft, figs. 3 and 4, 
are provided. Tliese are strips of half-inch wood 
nailed together, so as to form angular troughs about 
six inches wide. The sides are bored full of small 
holes, that will uot permit the grain to pass through 
them, and the ends are covered with fine wire- 
gauze. They are fitted into the bins, running from 
front to back, with the open side downwards. 
When the grain is poured into the bins, vacant 
spaces are left beneath these ventilators, and if it 
heats, the moist warm air escapes through them. 
Small pieces of wire-gauze arc also fastened over 
holes in the bottom of the bins, as shown at c, e, 
fig. 4, through which coo! air enters the bin, as the 
heated air escapes above. In this way the grain is 
cooled and ai-ratcd. Even buckwheat, which when 
newly thrashed, heats so readily as to be trouble- 
some in damp warm weather, may be kept in per- 
fect order iu such a bin as this, without trouble. 
A section through the center of the building 
given at fig. 6, shows the position of the bins 
and the passages. A granary 24 feet long, with 
bins 6 feet wide, and 5 feet deep, will hold about 
Fig. 5. — VENTILATOB. 
1,200 bushels of grain on the first floor, but a large 
amount iu additiou can be stored upon the second 
floor in heaps or bins. If more room is needed 
for the grain, a great many filled bags cau be piled 
upon the bins ; so that iu case of necessity, 8,500 
bushels can be stored in a granary of this size. 
Clean Stables. — A clean and wholesome stable 
is a great comfort to a horse dunng the hot weath- 
er. The stifling, poisonous atmosphere in which 
some farm horses pass the night, after a hard dayja 
Fjcr. 6. — SECTION THBOUOH THE QRANABY. 
work in the field, is productive of unrest and ill- 
health. Flies abound in such stables, and those 
savage pests, which arc by many mistaken for 
