326 
AMERICAN AGRIC ULT U R LST- 
[September, 
Contents for September, 1875. 
Boys and Girls' Columns — Sfpteinber — Vvliat is 
Papyrus — Fice Question — How 1 Li:arnc(l to Swim 
— Answers to C'orrespondenLs — Aunt Sue's Chats — 
Aunt Sue's Fuzzle Box — Ilaviu^ a Good Time — 
Ponto, tlie Trapper's Dog i lllustra/iOiis..Ai9-3i>2 
Butter Packages, Small 343 
Cheerfulness 347 
Cheese Making, English 10 JUuslrations. . 339 
Conservatory Chapel at Utica lUiistraled. . 343 
Corn Crib, Improved lUudrated. .911 
Cotton-Seed Cake, Value of. 33T 
Experiment Stations 332 
Failure of Seeds to Germinate 316 
Fair List 35S-3S9 
Flower-Garden and Lawn for September 327 
Frame for Grinding Tools 3 Illustrations . 340 
Fruit Garden for September 327 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for September 328 
Hints About Work 326 
Horse Feed Troughs 2 Illustrations. .312 
IIt)UsehoKl Department — Washing Dishes — Some 
Uousehold Conveniences— Home Topics 8 lUtis- 
tralions 347-318 
House Plan i Illustrations. 3-33 
ItwillPay 316 
Kitchen Garden for September 327 
Ladders for House and Barn 3 Illustrations. . 341 
Machines, Labor-Saving 337 
Market Report for September 328 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 67— Draining a Swamp- 
Nothing Sure in Farming but Disappointment- 
Deep Setting of Milk— Liquid Manure 2 Illus- 
trations ". 333-330 
Orchard and Nursery for September 327 
Plants, Pine Barron Illustrated.. ^i 
Plowing Flat Illustrated . .336 
Pork in New England 342 
Potato Rot -317 
Poultry, Feed Box for Illustrated. . 312 
Pure Air in Stables 5 Illustrations.. 3il 
Ramanaa Rose of Japan Illustrated. . 345 
Rivers' New Early Peaches In Georgia 346 
Rye for Winter Pasture 312 
Science Applied to Farming 334 
Seed, Selection of 343 
Sheep, Water Trough for Illustrated. . 343 
Short-horn Cow and Calf. 2 Illustrations.. 331 
Train Bl.acksmith Illustrated . .325 
Wagon Box, Place for Illustrated . .3i3 
Wagons and Wagon Manufacture 335 
Walks and Talks Correspondence 353 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. Ill—Nitrogen 
—Clover — Lambs— Thrashing — " Model Barn " — 
Peas— Prizes for Grain— Prices of Grain 33S-339 
Water Trough for Stables Illustrated . .MO 
Western Dairies 313 
What do Robins Eat? 316 
INDEX TO " BASKET," OR SHORTEH ARTICLES. 
Am. Pomological Soc. ..332 
Astral Oil Removed SJl 
Ayrshire Record 329 
Bermuda Grass 331 
Bommer's Method of 
Making Manure 331 
Borers 3:10 
Catjriogues 329^ 
Chicken Cholera 331] 
Circular-Saw Frame 329' 
Dairy at Centennial Ex. .339 
Fairs 329 
Floods at the West 329 
Good Short-horn Heifer. asi 
Hedge in Virginia 332 
Imporlatiou of Clydes- 
dales 329 
luiportation of Perelieron 
and Norman Horses.. .3.30 
Lime, How to Apply... 331 
Merino or Cutswolds ...331 
More Books 330 
New Remedies :i31 
Nureerv Agent 3^32 
Peaches, Hydrophobic... 330 
Potato Beetles 331 
Potato "Bug"., .3.30 
Preserving Potatoes 331 
Progressive American 
Architecture 330 
Rivers' Early Peaches. ..3.32 
Salt for Hogs 331 
Skunk Cabbasre 3-"lI 
Soiling Crop, Proposed.. .330 
Strawberries, Kiuney'8..;i.30 
Suckers in Corn 3.'^1 
Sundry Humbuirs 3-30 
Thrashing Machines 331 
Tile-Drain Ditcher. 331 
When to Dig Muck . ..3;J1 
Wonderful Toys 332 
Wooden Shoes 3^12 
StocU lor Butter and Beef.—" J. S," 
Vevay, Ind. Where blue grass grows spontaneously and 
thrives, the grade Short-horn would doubtless be the 
most profitable cow to keep, as many of them are excel- 
leut and rich milkers, and there are no better beef cattle. 
Choose a thoroughbred bull from a good milking and 
butter family of cows Many such buUs have sold at 
public sales recently lor from $100 upwards. 
Bottom for ^^ranip Drains. — "II. 
M. W.," Fort Wayne, Ind. To lay tiles safely in drains 
in soft swamp land, the tiles should be laid upon a nar- 
row board. The board should be bedded firmly in the 
soil, the tiles placed, and earth immediately thrown at 
each side of them to keejj them in place until they are 
ready to be covered. A short piece of board might be 
added beneath the joints of the boards to prevent the 
ends sinking eo as to disturb the uniform level of the tile. 
Calendar for September. 
.ST 
•^ 
« 
Si 
a 
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1 
W 
2 
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4 
S 
5 
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7 
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s 
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9 
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10 
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11 
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12 
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VV 
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Idint. X. York 
Stale, ilLchi' 
f/aii, W'lscoji- 
ain, /own. (tnii 
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n.ii 
n. M. 
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fi 35 
7 31) 
5 2(i 
6 33 
7 50 
5 a? 
B32 
8 9 
2« 
311 
8 31 
5 29 
(i '» 
S 57 
5 30 
i; »i 
9 23 
5 SI 16 2.5 
10 3 
5 8; li 3.^ 
10 51 
5 33 6 31 
U 47 
5 35 19 
morn 
;-) 30 iO 17 
51 
5 S7 15 
2 2 
5 3S|6 14 
3 U 
5 3;|!6 12 
4;;o 
5 10:6 10 
rises 
5 n 6 8 
G 15 
5 4'> 6 
7 9 
5 13IG 5 
7 37 
5 4416 3 
8 13 
5 i.-,!o 1 
S 51 
g Ill's 
g 48 
5 47l5 53 
10 41 
-> 4815 56 
morn 
5 50 5 53 
5 
5 oils 53 
1 19 
5 52l5 51 
2 30 
6 58,5 49 
3 39 
5 54 5 47 
4 46 
5 5.1,.-, 40 
sets 
5 56 
5 41 
(i 13 
^v. y.cii//. ut., 
Pkiladeipkia, 
New Jeiseij, 
Penn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, uinl 
IlUnois. 
5 3ii 
5 37 
5 38 
5 39 6 
5 40 6 
5 41,6 
5 42,6 
5 43 6 
5 44 6 
5 44 6 
3 45 
5 4615 
5 47!5 
5 ISi.i 
5 4915 
5 50 Is 
5 51 3 
5 53 [5 
5 53l5 
5 3-13 
5 5j 5 
.; 
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n. 51. 
33 
7 30 
31 
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311 
HI2 
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10 59 
19 
U 51 
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2 7 
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3 17 
11 
1 39 
9 
rises 
7 
6 46 
5 
7 11 
4 
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2 
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9 1 
59 
9 53 
67 
10 48 
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morn 
54 
11 
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1 24 
51 
2 34 
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3 43 
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4 4? 
46 
sets 
45 
6 15 
W'afihington, 
JIari/laiid. 
Virgiiua.KeiL- 
Uickfj, Missou- 
ri, find Call' 
f 07- Ilia. 
ii.Miri..M 
5 29 I) 31 
G -B 
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5 33 
5 33 
3 31 
5 35 
5 &■> 
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5 39 
6 38 
6 36 
6 24 
6 23 
6 31 
6 20 
6 18 
6 16 
6 15 
6 IS 
5 40 6 12 
5 41 6 10 
5 41 6 9 
5 43'6 
5 43 5 
5 44;6 4 
5 44|6 a 
5 45 6 
3 46 5 59 
5 47i5 5' 
3 48,5 56 
5 49:5 54 
5 50 3 53 
5 51 15 51 
5 52 5 49 
5 53|5 4S 
5 51 1 5 46 
5 55'j 4; 
a. M. 
7 30 
7 .33 
8 15 
8 39 
9 8 
9 11 
10 IS 
11 6 
morn 
1 
1 S 
2 13 
3 aa 
4 32 
rises 
47 
7 11 
7 45 
8 34 
9 8 
10 3 
10 35 
morn 
18 
1 59 
2 37 
341 
4 18 
sets. 
6 17 
PHASES OF TllK MOON. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
T> 
n. sr. 
1st Quart 
, 
4 54 ev. 
Full M'n 
15 
7 58 nm. 
3(1 Quart. 
'.*.'.'. 
2 17 mo. 
New -Mil 
-'9 
S 11 mo. 
N. TOr.K. 
WAsn'N. 
COA'srON 
CUIOAGO. 
ri. M. 
n. M. 
n. M. 
n. M. 
4 43 ev. 
4 30 ev. 
7 18 ev. 
3 48 ev. 
7 46 nio. 
7 34 mo 
1 23 mo. 
6 53 mo. 
3 3 mo. 
1 63 mo 
• 1 41 mo. 
1 11 mo. 
7 59 mo. 
7 47 mo 
7 36 mo. 
7 5 mo. 
AMERICAIV AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1875. 
The small grains are all harvested, and corn is not 
yet ready. To sow the fall crops is the eliief press- 
ing work at present. Octoher and November 
are, or ought to he, the busy months of the year, 
and to prepare for the work tlicn to he done, 
will require much thought and study. On many 
farms these two months are idle ones. Nothing is 
doing in the fields but the ripening of weeds, and 
tlic scattering of their seeds over the farm. The 
fallow fields, which should then he plowed, lie 
beaten and packed by rains, until the soU is scaled 
up against the beneficial effects of both air and 
water. It is then dormant, and in the spring will 
be in poor condition to bear a crop. It is only in 
labor that there is profit, and one great fault of our 
farming is that we do not expend suffloicnt labor 
on the land. Labor judiciously used, seldom fails 
to return its cost with abundant interest, and how 
to expend labor profitably, is a matter that should 
be thoughtfully considered during any leisure of 
this month. There will be plenty of work, however, 
to keep the hired help busy. No farmer should 
discharge his men now, simply because he h.as time 
to handle the plow himself. A good farmer can 
earn more than a dollar a day any time, by doing a 
score of those things which no one can do so well 
as himself, or by planning work for boj's or men to 
do. A hundred acre farm can well afl'ord to keep two 
hired hands at work steadily, if the farmer is able to 
direct their work, as he ought to be. At the plow 
he is worth no more than a capable boy — possibly 
50 cents a day. He can not afford to work for so 
little money. His whole farm stops paying interest 
while he has the plow in his hands, and gi\'es no 
thought to other matters. The man who can direct 
the labor of other men, is worth more than his labor, 
and unless a farmer is capable of doing tills, 
his profits will be simply a labarer's days wages. 
Hints ahont IVork. 
fiomn</ W/nat and Bije. — Wheat requires a better 
soil than rye, and n here the soil is not good enough 
to yield at least 15 bushels of wheat to the acre, it 
would be better to sow rye, which might bring S'l 
or 30 bushels. It is useless to .sow the more deli- 
cate while wheats, except in the very best soils. 
The amber and red wheats are eater to sow on 
medium and light soils. The past has been a wet 
summer, and there will be few complaints of a soil 
too dry for sowing. Fields not yet plowed, fchould 
be turned over at once, and harrowed thoroughly 
until the soil is well settled. A firm mellow soil ie 
needed for wheat or 176. Sowing by drill is tht^ 
safest method. The saving of seed will nearly pay 
for the use of the drUl. UrUls may bo hired for 50 
cents an acre or less. The nest best manner of sow- 
ing, is to broadcast the seed, and cover with a cul- 
tivator. If the seed is sown broadcast, the ground 
should be rolled thoroughly after being harrowed. 
Drill sowing saves the labor of haiTowing after- 
wards. Where the fly is not feared, early .sowiBg 
is to be preferred. It is a clioice of evils between 
the dangers of the fly on the one hand, and of win- 
ter killing on the oilier. If the soil is in good con- 
dition, the time of sowing is a matter to be decided 
according to circumstances, locality, and the judg- 
ment of the individual. 
Steepin/j th<: /xed. — The small cost and liibor of 
steeping the seed, is well repaid by the security it 
affords against rust and smut, and the quickening 
of germination. A steep that is very effective 
against smut, is a solution of 4 ounces of sulphate 
of copper (blue vitriol), to a gallon of water. This 
is poured over the wheat, heaped on the baru floor, 
and the grain is rapidly shoveled over and mixed, 
until every seed is moistened with tlie solution. It 
is left in a heap for twenty-four hours, after which 
it m.iy be sown. A solution of one pound ol 
guano to a pail of rain water, or stale chamber lye, 
is an excellent steep, not only preventing the smut, 
but hastening the sprouting of the seed. Ground 
Gypsum (plaster), should be used to dry the grain 
i:irevious to sowing, if anything is needed, but lime 
should not be used with guano water, or lye. 
Strung salt and water is frequently used as a steep, 
with good effect ; after which the seed is mixed with 
finely slacked lime until dry, and sow u immediately. 
Depth of Svwiiiij. — It has been found by experi- 
ments, that at one iuch below the surface every 
seed of wheat grew, it the ground is moist, while 
at two iuclies seven-eighths of the seed grew, and 
at three inches three quarters grew. Notwith 
standing this we would rather sow two inches 
deep than one. 
Tiiaothy Seed. — If sown with the wheat now, and 
clover is to be sown in the spring, from 4 to 
quarts per acre may be used. If no clover is to be 
sown, a peck of grass seed is not too much. We 
prefer to go over the ground as soon as the wheat 
is drilled, and sow with a broadcast sower, or by 
hand, rather than drill in with the seed. It is easy to 
measure the proper distance for the laud by the 
foot marks in the soft soU. The seed wiU find its 
way into the mellow soil, and be suflicieutly cover- 
ed. A quarter of an inch is the proper depth for 
grass seed. The fine manure from the poultry 
house, will make a Viiluable top-dressing for timo- 
thy, and will help the wheat. In place of it 100 
pounds of guano to the acre may be used. 
Tftrosliii,!/. — The straw and chaff are too valuatle 
to be wasted in the yards, or for bedding, where 
leaves, swamp muck, or even dry earth or sand can 
be Used. By using some oil-citke meal, bran, or 
other meal, .straw or cliaff may be made equal to 
the best hay. Read and study over the articles by 
Prof. Alwater ou this subject, which have appeared 
in the Agrivultm-ist for the past few mouths. The 
proper use of straw as fodder, is one of the most 
important economies of the fiirm. 
Clover .Seed will be a good crop this year, wherc- 
ever there has been a good stand of clover. When 
well siivcd, it is the most profitable crop on the 
farm. Both seed and hay at the same time, can 
hardly be saved, and the hay may as well be sacri- 
ficed for the sake of the seed. This crop may be. 
cut with the mower, and raked with the horse-rake 
into windrows, where it may be exposed to rain 
and sun for many days without injury. On Uic 
contrary, the seed will thrasli and hull the more 
easily. It should be drawn in when perfectly dry, 
and thrashed at once. Tlie chaff may be stored ia 
a bin or heap in the b.irn, to be hnUed in dry frosty 
weather, when convcnienL Scatter the chaff, 
which will contain some seed, over the meadows. 
