18G6.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
295 
1©Y§ <k MTL^' (B(DIL¥MMS. 
The Sun !<ieen at tUe Poles. 
To a person standing at the north pole, the sun would 
appear to sweep horizontally around the sky every twen- 
ty-four hours, without any perceptible variation in its 
distance from the horizon during its circuit. On the 21st 
of June it is 23 degrees and 38 minutes above the horizon— 
a little more than onefourthof the distance to the zenith, 
the highest point tliat it ever reaches. From this altitude 
it slowly descends, its track being represented by a spiral 
or screw with a very fine thread ; and in the course of 
three montlis it worms its way down to the horizon, 
which it reaches on the S3d of September. On this clay 
it slowly sweeps around the sky, with its face half hidden 
below the icy sea. It still continues to descend, but after 
it has entirely disappeared it is still so near the horizon 
that it carries a bright twilight around the heavens in its 
daily circuit. As the sun sinks lower and lower, this 
twilight grows gradually fainter until it fades away. On 
December 20th tlie sun is S3 degrees, 3S ■ below the 
horizon, and tills is the midnight of the dark winter of the 
pole. From this date thR sun begins to ascend, and after 
a time his return is heralded by a faint dawn, which 
circles slowly around the horizon, completing its circuit 
every 24 hours. This dawn grows gradually brighter, 
and on the 20th of March the peaks are glided with the 
first level rays of the six month's day. The bringer of 
this long day continues to wind his spiral way upward 
until he reaches his highest place on the 21st of June, and 
his annu:d course is completed. The same appearances 
are presented at the south pole, only at opposite dates, 
llie 21st of June being midnight and midwinter there, 
while the north poie is having its summer sunshine. 
Two Fishts and a Victoi-y. 
Bently, formerly a well-known Massachusetts clergy- 
man, one night at a late hour heard a rattling sound near 
his house. He looked from the window and saw a wom- 
,an fill her aprin from his wood pile, and hastily go away. 
Shortly afier this w.as repeated, and he returned to his 
study, sad with the thought nf her destitution which led 
her to the sin. Not long after he was startled by a heavy 
crash of falling wood, and again looking from the win- 
dow he saw the poor woman slinking the very dust of tlie 
wood fiom her apron. She swiftly turned away and soon 
relumed heavily laden with wood, whicii she tliiew upon 
the pile in a most determined manner. The doctor's 
compassion and curiosity were now intensely excited, 
and leaving the house, he cautiously followed her until 
he found where siie lived. Early the next morning he 
ordered a wood dealer to send lier a half cord of his best 
wMod, sawed and split, but by no means to let her know 
from whom it came. The teamster happened to overhear 
the order, and when the poor widow eagerly asked who 
sent it. he told what he had heard. The conscience- 
stricken woman hastened immediately to the Doctor's 
house, and with deep humility and bitterness told him of 
the temptation to which her poverty had brought her. 
" Sir," said she, "though my house was dark and cold, 
though my heart was wrung with anguish at the sight of 
my poor shivering little ones, I could not keep the wood, 
mjr conscience would not let me." " Say no more, 
my dear Madam," said the good man, " I saw it all.— I 
E,iw you conquer the devil in two fair fights." 
IVioknames. 
Somebody has collected together the following list of 
idcknames given to the citizens of the different States, 
and the by-word titles of several of the different cities : 
JIaine, foxes; New Hampshire, granite boys; 'Ver- 
mont, green mountain boys ; Massachusetts, bay state 
boys ; Rhode Island, gunflints ; Connecticut, wooden nut- 
megs ; New York. Knickerbockers : New Jersey, blues 
or clam-catchers ; Delaware, mnskrats ; Pennsylvania, 
renliamites or leather heads ; Maryland, clam bumpers ; 
Virginia, beagles.; North Carolina, tuckoes ; South Car- 
olina, weasels; Georgia, buzzards; Alabama, lizards: 
Mississippi, tadpoles ; Florida, fly up the creeks ; Louisi- 
ana, Creoles ; Texas, beef-heads ; Arkansas, tooth-picks ; 
Kentucky, corn-crackers- Ohio, buckeyes; Indiana, 
boosters; Illinois, suckers ; Wisconsin, badgers; Michi- 
gan, wolverines ; Minnesota, gophers ; Iowa, liawkeyes ; 
California, gold hunters ; Nevad:i, sage hens ; Oregon, 
hard cases; Nebraska, bug-eaters ; Kansas, jayhawkers ; 
Colorado, rovers ; Dakota, squatters ; Utah, Brighamites ; 
New Mexico, Spanish Indi;ins ; Idaho, fortune seekers, 
or cutthroats; Nova Scotia, blue noses; New Bruns- 
wick, iisii heads ; Canada, canucks. 
Nicknames of some cities and l()wn5 : 
Quebec, the Gibraltarnf America ; Montre;d, Itia, Cud- 
hescity; Kingston, the Limestone Quarry; Portland, 
Hill City ; Lowell, Spindle city ; Boston, Modern Athens, 
tilerary Emporium, City of Notions, and, Hub of the 
tlniverse ; Providence, Roger Williams' city ; Hartford, 
Insurance city; New Haven, Elm city: Brooklyn, city 
of Churches : New York, Commercial Emporium, Goth- 
am, and Metropolis of America; Philadelphia, City of 
Brotherly Love, city of Penn. and Quaker city; Balti- 
more, Monumental city ; Washington, city of Magnifi- 
cent Distances, and Federal city ; Troy, Illium : Albany, 
Sturgcondom ; Syracuse, Salt Works ciiy ; Schenect.ady, 
Durip; Rochester, Aqueduct city ; Buffalo, Queen of the 
Lake ; Richmond, Cockade city ; Savannah, Forest City 
of the South; St. Louis, Mound city; New Orleans, 
Crescent city ; Louisville. Falls city ; Nashville, Rock 
city; Cincinn:iti, Queen of the West, and Porkopolis; 
Cleveland, Forest city ; Detroit, city of the Straits ; Indi- 
anapolis, Railroad city ; Chicago, Prairie or Garden city ; 
Milwaukee, city of Brick , Keokuk, Gate city ; Leaven- 
worth, Cottonwood city ; Atlanta, Gate city of the South ; 
San Francisco, Golden Gate ; Denver, city of the Plains ; 
Salt Lake City, Mormon city ; St. Paul, North Star City. 
IIo\r an Onvl -was Cangbt. 
Arthur Sexton, Wellington, Ohio, gives an account of 
his singular capture of a large horned owl. The bird, 
not content with Us usual diet of mice .and wild birds, 
visited the farm-yard to secure the extra dainty of a 
young chicken or two. It came to a coop where a hen 
was covering her brood, and boldly entered. The hen 
at once retreated from the unwelcome visitor, taking lier 
chickens with her, and in passing out. knocked away the 
prop, whicli held up the door or lid of the coop ; down it 
came, making the owl a piisoner. and leaving the hen to 
finish her night'siest undisturbed. The owl was secured 
in the morning, and is now suffering captivity as a pen- 
alty for his misdeeds. If we had room for him we 
would be pleased to accept Master Arthur's kind offer to 
send him to the As^icuUurist Office. 
mixing tlic Pronouns.— We clip the following 
choice specimen from the New York Independent of 
June 21 : " Did you ever know a person to read how 
David— even when he was a country boy too— slew the 
lion and the bear, when they commenced their carnage 
on the flock that he was watching, without feeling as if 
tliei/ would like to hold the boy in their lap, and give him 
a loving squeeze and a kiss ?" We have no doubt the 
lion and the bear would have enjoyed giving David a lov- 
ing squeeze, as the above sentence intimates, perhaps 
they would have kissed him afler their fasliion, but as to 
holding liim on their lap, that would have been very 
awkward if not impossible. Be careful, boys and girls, 
not to mix the pronouns ; it sometimes makes queer 
work with a sentence. 
The Oamc of Checkers or Ikrang-Iits. 
POSITION NO. 7. — Mack to jtlaij and vin. 
White. 
OAME 
NO. 7 
— SECOND 
DOUBLE CORNER OPENING 
(■) 
Hlack. 
WMe. 
Btack 
White. 
1-11 
15 
24 to 
19 
22—23 
to 32 
31 
to '26 
2—1.5 
' 24 
23 ■' 
19 
23-32 
" 2:t 
2'! 
" 19 
3- 8 
■ Jl 
22 " 
18 
24—20 
'■ 24 
8 
" 3 
4—11 
' 16 
2.3 " 
■>i 
25-24 
" 27 
3 
" 8 
5—10 
• 14 
■22 " 
17 
26—27 
" 31 
8 
" 11 
6-16 
' 20 
17 " 
10 
27— 2 
" 6 
19 
" 15 
7— 6 
' 24 
S2 " 
28 
28— 6 
" 9 
11 
" 16 
8- 4 
' 8 
23 " 
19 
23-31 
" 27(a) 
16 
" 19 
9- 8 
■ 11 
21 ■' 
17 
30—14 
" 17 
22 
'• 18 
10—11 
' 16 
17 " 
14 
31—17 
" 22 
15 
•' 11 
11— 7 
' 10 
14 " 
32-13 
■' 17((.) ( 
:)18 
■• It 
12— 3 
' 10 
29 " 
25 
33- 9 
" 18 
19 
" 23 
13-10 
' 14 
26 " 
22 
.34—17 
" 21 
23 
" S2 
14- 9 
' 13 
13 " 
9 
S5-I8 
" 23 
11 
" 7 
15- 5 
' 14 
22 " 
18 
36—22 
" 26 
7 
„ ij 
16— 1 
' 5 
13 " 
9 
37-26 
•' 31 
'J 
7 
17^ 5 
' 14 
19 " 
15 
38-31 
" 27 
~ 
" 11 
IS— 16 
' 19 
23 " 
16 
39—27 
" 24 
11 
" 16 
19—12 
' 19 
Id " 
11 
40— -24 
" 19 
16 
" 50 
20-19 
' 24 
2.5 " 
22 
tl-19 
" 15 
20 
■ 21 
21—24 
• 2S 
11 " 
8 
White wins. 
(*) Is so named by Anderson, because the first move 
of the seconcl side is playeil from the one double corner 
toward the other, (a) 14 to 18 draws. (6) The losins 
move, (cj Position No. 6, {See June No., page 229.) 
Ans^^'ers tit Problems and PuzzleN. 
Tlie following aie answers to the puzzles, etc., in the 
July number, page *JG3, No. 215. Prize Rebus.— A 
bandon a sinking ship ber/o'er the waves, clothes over her, 
or : Abandon a sinking ship before the waves close over 
her .... No. 216. Prize Enigma.— Lighi-houhe No. 217. 
Illustrated Rebus.— I long two c w hat ear b (tied on 
inowitain) hill and plane, /our eve r {round the) hole world 
(wide) good xihU two 7»nn kind rain, or : 1 long to see 
wliale'er beside on mountain hill and plain, forever round 
the whole woild \\h\e, goodwill to mankind reign.... 
No. 216. Prize Arithmetical Problem.— .Kns. next month. 
The following have sent incorrect answers to puzzles: 
Maggie A. McCabe, Loltie E. Worth, A. W. Morton, 
Catskili, Peggy, Jennie Cooper, Wm. R. Price, Maggie 
J. Scott, Lewie Rorebeck, Wm. Kay, Mr. and Rlrs. J. 
W. Scott, L. Stone, C. A. Parsons. H. R Stanley, Mary 
E. Brigham, Martha L. Newlin, S. G. Robbins, Frank 
L. Kilmer, Fie<l. C. Parmenter, Mary N. Charlton, John 
Fergus, William Hunter, Lucy A. McCoy, Nelson G. 
Hull, John T. Binkley. Joseph A. Barnes, J. C. Gapen, 
Nancy Patton, Maria Palton, Heniietta Titus, A. M. 
Beecher, S. S. Meservey, Silas Bice, Minard R. Bice, 
John Price, A. J. Myers, Cassia, (please send on the puz- 
zle?.) E. Prevost. Harry N. Smith, Daniel Frohman, 
Jlenry A. Young, Ma R. Tood. Willis Fair, Wm. Pipkin, 
C. W. Bailey. C. .S. Wise, Willie V. Cloagh, Diantha 
Roads (no answer came with your rebus), Snott Jenks, 
Sarah J. Brown, R. Bosworth, H. S. Kratz, Frank Gil- 
dersleeve. Eva Littlejohn, S. W. Kleinschmidt, John ftf. 
Culver, Charley Ray, Samuel .Shavvd. H. W. Bateman. 
Dr. M. D. Leichliter, Etla Wilson, Helen M. Bushnell, 
M. R, Trumbower, George B. Shapley, Walter Lewis. 
No. 2ia— A Scripture Riddle. 
Take the name of a Jew who reigned long o'er his land. 
And who for one sin drove a Queen from command ; 
Who in life, and in death no small honor could claim, 
Which backward and forward will spell just the same. 
Then the name of a Jew, only known by the fame 
Whieli his son nobly earned, spelling each way the same ; 
And the time of the death of a person (whose Tiame 
Though not fuund in the Bible, still knows Bible fame). 
And which lime, back and forward remains just the same. 
Of a Jew who had sinned, anri reformed, take the name, 
(Which is all ihal we know of his honor or shame). 
And which backward and forward is ever the same. 
Place these four initials together, and frame 
Of one wise, old, and good, the brief scripture name, 
Which backward and forward is still just the same. 
No. 220. Illuatrated Rebus.^'OeAY to all Americans. 
No. 221. Mathematical Problem.— Dm'wg the time that 
the shadow on a sun-dial, which shows true time, moves 
from 1 o'clock to 5, a clock which is too fast a certain 
number of hours and minutes strikes a number of strokes 
equal to that number of hours and minutes ; and it is ob- 
served that the number of minutes is less by 41 than the 
square of the number which the clock strikes at the last 
time of striking. The clock does not strike 12 during the 
time. How much is it loo fast ? * 
NOT 
MUCH 
'J 
V 
y^ 
No. 223. llluatraled Rebus.—Good advice to all. 
No. 223. Farmers' Enigma. — I am composed of 24 
letters. IMy 13, 7, 10, 15, 11, is r.iised by farmers. My 5, 
3, 12, 24 is eaten by farmers. My 23, 2, 8, 14, 19 is worn 
by farmers. ]\ly 1, 6, 4, 5 is nsed by farmers. My 9, 15, 
21, 16. 20, 18, 4, 14 is received by farmers. My whole is 
the farmer's friend. What is the word ? 
No. 224. Enigma.— ytj last is made of my first, my 
first is kept in my v. hole. What is tiie word ? 
A Paradox.— When a shoemaker is going to make a 
boot, tlie^r5( thing he uses is the last. 
