186«.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
307 
should not get fit. Beef Btoek, which ;ire to be 
fiulshed off for market during the fall and winter, 
ehoukl have au iucrease of feed. 
Mogx for fattening should lie ponned and fed old 
corn, ground and cooked. Let the pi^'s have tlie 
run of the orchards. "Tamin;;" hogs by outtln;.; 
a ;;ash across the snout close to tlic rooting- gristle, 
60 as to make it [lowerless, is better tliaii puttiiiL; 
rings in their noses, and much more easily doue. 
5/ifc/).— Give irood jiasturage with water, salt and 
shelter from loii;;' storm-. Fattening sheep slioiild 
be making flesh last, and "stores" kept improving. 
Manure. — Collect nil kinds of waste TOget;ible 
matter for increasing the manure heap ; put into it 
no -weeds having seeds. Th"^ bogs will work over 
an immense amount of webiCJ sods, potato tops, 
etc., and convert the whole into excellent manure. 
An old farmer used to say, "he would give more 
for a cob that a hog had hreathtil on than for a 
shovelful of yard manure." The bulk and quality 
of hog mannre, or any other kind, are greatly in- 
creased by having it all under cover. 
Muck and /Vn*.— Secure as much as possible for 
use in mingling with manure, or under the stock 
in the stables this winier. Compost it with lime, 
if it be not now in a crumbly condition, for it 
should be dry and fine. Get out as much as you 
can, and leave it exposed for the action of the frost 
in winter. This is work for the whole autumn 
and winter when It can be doue. 
Oi'clinrd niiU Xiirsery. 
Whoever sends fruit to a distant market, is 
obliged to pack it in barrels, baskets, or cniles. It 
would pay those who dispose of the products of 
their orchards near home to take more pains than 
Is usual. In our large towns and villages it is a 
common thing to see the body of a wagon without 
springs, filled with apples, pears and peaches, to be 
peddled out with no more care than jiotatoes. If 
those who dispose of only a moder.Uc amount each 
year will place their fruit in bushel baskets or 
crates, and put in only good fruit, they will get an 
increased price that will in a short time more than 
p.ay for tiie packages. Fruit is too great a blessing 
to be treated in the careless way we often sec. 
Fruit should be picked, especiaily if to go to a 
distance, while yet firm, but still fully developed. 
The old peach basket is now replaced by slatted 
crates, with two compartments of J.f bushel each. 
Dried Fruit. — Commence with the autumn apples 
and peaches. If the sun is depended upon, take 
pains to keep bees aud flies away. It is better to 
have some kind of a dry house. One was described 
in June last. A room kept hot by a stove will 
answer better than no drying apparatus. 
Buddhig is to be continued with all varieties, iu 
which the stock and bud are in proper condition. 
See directions given in July. Look to those bud- 
ded earlier, and if the bud has taken, loose;i the 
bandage. If the first .attempt has failed and the 
bark of the stock will lift, it may be rebudded. 
Nameless Fruih. — A fruit without a name is much 
less valuable than if it had one. In almost every 
orchard there are more or less varieties of which 
the name-is lost. In such cases, in-tead of invent- 
ing a name, as is too often done, talie good speci- 
mens to the fair, or to some competent pomologist, 
and get the correct name. 
Lnhelt will be needed to mark rows as they are 
budded in the nursery, and to label trees as they 
are sent out or are set this autumn. These can be 
made on miny days, or may be ordered of those 
who make them by machiuery. 
Hanting. — If trees are to be set in autumn, do it 
early. Dnuning, manui'ing and plowing may be 
done this month. Select the varieties and order 
trees early. Attend all tlic fairs and pomological 
meetings, and learn the local success of varieties. 
Seeds. — Gather seeds of trees aud shrubs as they 
ripen. Pits of peaches and plums are best if not 
allowed to dry. Bury them in earth or sand. 
Insects. — Wind-falls should be pkked up and 
Siveu to swine, and tUas destroy the grub witUin 
them. Pick off cocoons and all kinds of nests as 
soon as discovered. Borers, in working their way 
into the trunk, often show their tracks in the form 
of sawdust or borings. When a borer is once in, 
use a knife and a wire or whalebone probe and 
crush him, but it is best to prevent its going in by 
some of the appliances recommended in May last. 
TTfcd.s.— Keep the nnrseiy rows clean by use of 
the plow and cultivator. 
Kilclieii Oai'dnii. 
As soon .as a crop of anything is off, gather up 
the rubbish and take it to the compost heap, or 
feed it to animals, if suitable. Leave no cleaning 
up until spring, which may be done in autumn. 
Beans. — Liraas are to be shelled and dried for next 
winter's succotash, and string beans, prepared as 
for cooking, arc^to be iiacked down in kegs or jafs 
with alternate liVcrs of salt and beans. 
Cabbaga and CautiJlotKrs. — The only way to get 
them early is to keep plants oVer winter in cold 
frames. Seed of the early sorts may be sown in 
the open ground tliis month, to furni^h plants for 
this puriiosc. Keep the late crop well hoed, and if 
slug's appear dust with lime. 
Corn. — Dry for winter. Save best ears for seed. 
When early sorts are gathered, remove the stalks. 
Cucumbers. — Those for pickles need pickingeveiw 
day, or they will get too large — put them in brine 
strong enough to float an egg. 
Celenj. — Earth up, whether growing in trenches 
or on the surface. In earthing up bring the stalks 
together with the hand, and keep the earth out of 
the "heart" of the plant. 
Endive. — Hoe growing plants, and when they are 
a foot across blanch them. Any way that will ex- 
clude the light and not stop the growth of the cen- 
trtil leaves, will answer. The old way is to tie np 
the outer leaves over the center ; another is to 
gather and cover with a flower pot. The usfial 
plau in market gardens is to cover it with a mat. 
Kale. — Sow liardy variety, called German Greens. 
Manure. — The compost heap should increase from 
the abundance of garden refuse. Act on what has 
been said in this and previous numbers upon 
utilizing the contents of privies. 
Melons. — Turn to ripen both sides. When fit to 
])Uick,the stem parts with a slight pull. Put the fruit 
on ice for a few hours, before it is sent to the table. 
Onions. — When the tops fall down, harvest them. 
Let them dry thoroughly before storing aud spread 
them thinly in a cool dry place. 
Jiadish. — Sow the Chinese Rose Colored Winter 
early this month. It will keep all winter. 
Spinach. — Sow in drills 1.5 inches apart, and thin 
and weed as soon as the plants are large enough. 
Sieeet Ibtatoes. — Some of the larger roots may be 
carefully taken out, and smaller ones left to grow. 
Squas/ies. — Keep on the lookout for insects. Al- 
low the vines to root at the joints. Tlie Hubljard, 
when green, is better than any summer squash. 
Tomatoes. — Cut away superfluous growth. The 
larva of the Hawk-moth, a largo green " worm," 
will be abundant this month, and it makes a dean 
sweep of leaves and fruit. Its presence is betr.ayed 
by its droppings. When these are seen, search for 
the enemy. Preserve plenty of tomatoes in bottles 
and jars for winter, and make catsup. 
Turnips. — Sow the round sorts early in good soil. 
Give Ruta-bagas frequent lioeing. 
Winter Cherry. — The hulls turn yellow when 
they are ripe ; gather and keep in a dry place. They 
make a most excellent sweet meat, and are often 
called strawberry tomato, from their fruity flavor. 
^ye^ds. — Let noue seed in out of the way corners. 
Friilt Garden. 
The suggestions as to preparing for antumn 
planting, aijout insects, weeds, etc., under Orchard 
and Nursery, apply equally to the Fruit Garden. 
EUicldierries.—T\iQ strong shoots for next year's 
fruiting should be shortened at the bight of 4 to 6 
feet. This will cause fruit branches to be thrown 
out. which may also ijc stopjied if making a \cry 
rmijiant growlh. Remove old canes when the fruit 
is off. Two or three canes are enough to a stool. 
Orajies. — As the early varieties ripen, the birds 
will find it out. M'e believe nothing short of 
powder aud shot is found elTectnal in keeping them 
.away. It is a hard remedy, but the choice lies 
between that aud no grapes. The fruit may be 
sent to a near market in shallow boxes, about six 
inclics deep. Pick with a long stem and handle 
carefully, so as not to injure the bloom. See p. 321!. 
Enough was said on mildew in previous months. 
Pears arc to be gathered as soon as ripe aud be- 
fore they mellow. A litlle experience will determiuo 
when to pick. If taken from the tree too early, 
they will shrivel instead of ripening. Spread upon 
shelves in the fruit room to ripen. 
Jiaspberries — Keep the soil free of weeds, and 
allow only two or three canes to grow to the stool. 
Remove the old wood, if not already done. 
Strawberries. — Early this month is the best time 
for autuum [ilanting. For culture sec last month. 
Flo^ver Garden and Lawn. 
The cool uighfs, and less severe heat of the days, 
will allow many things that were burned in mid- 
summer to take a new start ; the garden should now 
be brilliant with these aud Late blooming varieties. 
Bulbs. — Hy.acinths, Tulips, Crocuses, etc.. should 
be purchased as soon as the dealers offer their 
stocks, as the best ones are soon disposed of. Set 
them the last of this or early next month. 
Bedding Plants. — As a general thing it is much 
better to start new plants from cuttings, or layers, 
than to take up old ones. Yet there arc some 
shrubby oucs, as Lantan.as, Fuchsias and Helio- 
tropes, that it is desirable to keep. They should 
be potted before the we;tthergets too cool. 
Chiijsanthemmns. — Do not allow them to become 
too crowded; thin out the weaker shoots. They 
are very fine for house decoration, and last a long 
time in flower in a cool room. Some for flowe-- 
ing in-doors may be potted this month. 
Dahlias. — Cut out all imperfect buds, and remove 
flowers as soon as they begin to wane. Contiuue 
to stake and tie whenever needed, else a strong 
wind will make short work of the plants. 
Lawns. — Pull out coarse weeds, re-seed bare 
places, and give an occasional mowing. 
Firennials and Biennials. — If seed be sown early 
this month, plants will be had strong enough lo 
winter over and bloom next year — Columbines, 
Campanulas, Lackspurs, Peutstemons, Phloxes, etc. 
Pits. — A flower pit will allow of saving many 
half hardy plants. A pit C feet deep, with ihe sides 
boarded up and covered with sash, and shutters, 
will answer as well as a more expensive structure. 
It should be well drained and the mice kept out. 
Seeds. — Save from the best aud earliest flowers, 
and label as soon as gathered. 
Violets. — To have them early in spring, they 
should be set in a frame early this month. A com- 
mon i)Iank frame with sash, is set in a sheltered and 
well drained place, on well manured fine soil Set 
out the violets, and keep the sash off until frosts 
come. Then cover the plants lightly with leaves, 
and put on the sash and cover with mats on cold 
nights. They may be started into bloom at any 
time after midwinter, by removing the leaves and 
giving them plenty of sun. 
Green and Ilot-IIonsci. 
If repairs, cleaning and painting have been pu! 
off until now, have the houses made ready at once, 
as they may suddenly need to be occupied. Indeed 
many of the more tender plants had better go in 
this mouth at any rate. 
Sow Annuals and plant Capo bulbs, O.valis, etc., 
for winter blooming. 
QaUas. — Divide and repot. It is always well to 
have an abundance of them ; they arc so usefiil iu 
decorating the green-house or dwelling. 
