314. 
AMERICAN AORICULTURIST. 
[SEPTEiTBEIl, 
Two Tons of C^Iover per Acre, (or 
rallier what would make that amount after cutting and 
djying for hay.) plowed in green. Dr. Warder tells us he 
Uiiiiks is fully equal to 10 cords of ordinarv barn yard 
manure. Manure costs ilie farmers in the vicinity of New 
Voik, on an average. dc)ii'ered on their farms, fully $6 per 
cord. To spread anrl plow il in costs about the same as 
plowing in the clover. Now the cost of raising these 
two Ions of clover, allowing $10 per acre for rent of land, 
cannut exceed $20, if over $15 on the average. It would 
then require the addition of a little bone dust, guano or 
8iirac salts to make it equal in general quality to 
barnyard manure, which woukl a^id to its cost. Tlie 
qnestion now is whetlier it is not cheaper to plow in 
clover, buckwheat, turnips, or some green crop, than to 
purchase city stable manure at a cost of $6 per cord, de- 
livered on the farm ? In deciding tiiis matter, it must be 
recollecle;t that the city m inure is expose! more or less 
lo tlie ueatiier when uidoadeii on llie dock, and its 
wastage and deterioration are often considerable. 
A»1tcs OM Orclistrtls. — F. RutcUff, of Henry 
Co., Ind., asks : " Will aslies be good to bi ing up an old 
orchard; if so, when anJ how shall I apply them?" 
Adding : "There are plenty at a saw-mill i,'a miies from 
our farm." Ttiere is no'Jdiig better, as a general rule, 
for old orchards than a liberal dressing of unleachcd 
wood ashes. It would be hard to tell how much it would 
not pay to apply ; a bun el or two to each tree, spread as 
far as the outmost boughs, plowing 4 to 6 inches deep, 
w^ill probably rejuvenate the orchard, provided there is 
any soundness left in the trees. Lime is nearly as good. 
It should be spread freshly slaked, after plowing, and 
be harrowed in ; or a light dressing, say }i of ihe whole, 
may be first spread and plowed in, and the rest put im 
the surface after plowing, and ihen harrowed in. Calcu- 
late to put about 3 bushels lo each tree, though more 
would do no harm; make the application in the autumn. 
JLisne €>^\ Wet I^astd.— "J. W.," New 
Lond'in, Ct., has a pi«ce of wet land wJiich lacks only 
drainage to be exi'ellrnt meadow. He has drained as 
deep as he can, but to drain the piece, his neighbor below 
must deepen his drains also— which he will not do. Mr. 
W. has legal right to go on and deepen his neighbor's 
drains, nr to lay a tight drain across the piece, and so 
benefit himself only, but does not want to do it yet. "Will 
lime help the land?"— We think it will, where the ground 
can be plovved in time forcorn or potatoes, but not much 
elsewliere. Apply after plowing, and harr()W in. 
I>ealla to Cansid:! Xhsj^tlcs.— David 
Newport, of Evergreen (no State), "actuated by the de- 
sire lo do good and communicate." says : "I would in- 
form the readers of the Agriculturist that I have suc- 
cee-led in destroying two considerable patches of Canada 
thistles, by the persevering use of small quantities 
of coal oil applied to each pKint." — If Canada 
thistles are cut in the summer, after they throw up 
their flower stalks and before they bloom, perhaps 
aiso al other limes, and a pinch of salt is drooped into 
the hollow stem, they die. When Ihey are cut frequent- 
ly with a spud just at or below the surface, they will 
rapidly disappear. The application of coal oil will kill 
any weed.or any otlier plant, it comes in contact with, 
and may prevent growth nf any vegetation on the same 
spot for a considerable litne. So be careful. 
tVliite "IViHo-^v Fences, — The public 
have heard the growls of the dissatisfied and humbugged 
people through the press, while those well satisfied with 
Iheir willow fences, that is, those who obtained the 
genuine artinle and took good care nf the fences as they 
grew, we selJom hear from. Il is therefore worth while 
lo read such a letter as this now and then. Levi Smith, 
of Story Co., Iowa, writes to the American Agriculturist 
as follows: "In the June number of the Agriculturist 
you make some inquiries about the white willow. James 
Smith is the man who first introduced the white willow 
in Illinois, in 1S43. He there tested it successfully. 
There is a fence on Ihe old farm in Illinois twelve years 
old, for which the owner refused $S a rod for the trim- 
mings some years ago. it was to be rut hiah enough to 
leave an everlasting, live fence. I have known it to form 
stems in one season 1', inches in diameter. Designing 
men have procured such samples, and uilh them have 
canvassed the country and obtained orders, which liave 
often been filled with a spurious article easier to procure. 
Our farmers have been so siiamefully humbugged with 
worthless tra^h. that ihey are of opinion that all willow 
is alike worthless. I have now six miles of il. three and 
four years old, and it is a substantial fence, ready to turn 
and defy any slock. I consider it w.uih more to-day 
than the land it encloses. For fuel I grow five times the 
amount I can consume. Every vear I can cut enou'-h 
poles to fence 2000 acres of land, and still leave me°a 
subMantial live fence «hcn they were cut. You may say 
to the readers of the Agriculturist that the white willow 
is no humbug, and if any of them will call. I will show 
them six miles of fence, which will settle the question." 
Putting- Stra.-%v Ajnongr Clover in 
Stacking is an English practice. The straw absorbs 
the juices from the clover, and arrests all tendency to in- 
jurious feimentation. The hay is sweeter, and cattle eat 
the stiaw with avidity. If you have a heavy crop of 
clover, that is a little green, put thin layers of briglil straw 
between the layers of hay, and there will be no danger. 
Plow for l>eep ^Vorli. — " B & B," 
Alaftisville. Ohio, ask. *' What is the best plow to break 
up Ihe ground 14 inches deep, and throw up the sub- 
soil ? " There are as many patterns of the " double j\Iich- 
i'ian," or "sod and deep soil" plows, as of single plows. 
The plowman must suit himself as to shape and price. 
We described and figured the operation of these plows 
on page 145, of the last volume, (18G5). The sod and 
deep soil plow is like any other large strong plow, with 
a smalt plow, called Ihe skimmer, attached to the beam. 
The beam is subject to severeatraiue and should be strong 
accordingly. Such a plow will do the work required, 
burying tlie sod either in the bottom of ilie furrows if the 
slice is thin enough, or folding it like a book and setting 
it edgewise, while the big plow follows and covers it up. 
X3ie "^Vater Carrier IiBiprored.— 
B. C. Dodge, Washington. D. C, writes to Ihe Agricul- 
turist suggesting an improvement upon the Water Car- 
rier, described on page 21S, {June). He says : "Instead 
of the number of posts and llie wooden track or rail there 
used, a good strong telegraph wire may be substituted to 
great advantage. A strong v\ ire. firmly secured at each 
end and stretched tight, may be thus used for a distance 
of from one to two hundred feet, without any intervening 
posts or supports. If a longer line is required than can 
be tlius used, it may be made of any required length by 
the addition of an occasional post — care of course be- 
ing taken to so arrange the arm that supports the wire, 
as not to form an obstruction to the passage of the pul- 
ley, which is easily done. A common iron pulley can 
be used on the wire. I have seen two such devices in 
use. one about 100 feet, and the other nearly 200 feet 
long, at an angle of fully foity degrees, without any sup- 
port except at the ends, and Ihey worked admirably and 
had been in use for years. One is in Wisconsin and Ihe 
other in Minnesota, and both r.iise water from fine 
springs situated in deep hollows, summer and winter. 
CosaTeiiaeiace a.n.4l Practical Utility 
of Frame Hives,— On May 3isi we swarmed— and 
arranged ready for work — 32 swarms of bees in 5}^ 
hours, by simply lifting out the combs, and shaking ^i of 
Ihe bees together with the queen into a new hive. While 
under the practice of drumming, it requiied a whole day 
to drive even 20 swarms. Bidwell Bros., St. Paul, Minn. 
rVe^v Peas Ag^aiii. — "A Lady Gardeucr" 
wiites: " I am templeJ to give you my experience with 
Carter's First Crop. I sent for a package of them with 
other seeds last spring, had them planted when the 
garden was made (which is not, in the north part of 
Worcester, Mass.. usually "'very early.") I had peas fit 
for the table July 4th, leaving a portion of tlie vines un- 
touched for stifid. The vines so left grew about 2 feet 
liigh, the peas ripened and were planted again on the 
same ground, and now, July 25th. I have a second set 
of vines growing for late ones. Those vines from whicli 
I plucked the peas green are some of ihem still growing, 
but none moie than 3 feet high. We threw out the Dan, 
O'Rourke years ago as poor in quality, and poor bearers. 
There's adifference somewhere. I sincerely sympatluze 
with your venerable correspondent in his care for Ihe 
green peas, but still think that those I bought under Ihe 
style of Carter's First Crop are a good pea." We have 
had other letters speaking well of " Caiter's First Crop 
Pea," and doubtless our correspondent, whose letter 
was published last month, got the wnmg sort. 
Plasit!^ ^ame*!. — " New Rocbelle " : No. 1, 
Satishiiria adiantifolia, the Japan Ginkgo, and not rare 
in cultivation. No. 2, Periploca Grceca, often called 
Virginia Silk, but not a native of this country. .. J. M. 
Wooley, Ogdensburg, N. Y. No. 1. Robinia htspida. 
Rose Acacia. No. 2, Cytisits Laburnum, the Golden 
Chain, or Laburnum. No. 3, Spirma pninifolia M. R. 
Allen, York Co.. Me. No. 1. CEnntkera pumila, Dwiirf 
Evening Primrose. No. 2, Tiarelia cordi/olia. False 
Mitre-wort .Miss E. Goss, W'elUngton, 0„ Thalictrum 
dioicum. Early Meadow-rue. You were puzzled with 
this because it is direcious. and for the same reason ]^. 
G. Fuller, Kent. Conn., could not make nut Ckam<zlirium 
luteinn, the Blazing Star R. H. McCarty. Mottville. 
SpircBa opuli/olia. Mine-bark, a shrub wovth cultivating 
....A. W. Tabbut, Columbia Falls. Me. No. 1, Ledum 
latifolium, Labrador Tea No. 2,Juniperus comjuunis. 
Common Juniper — C. W. Bemis, Holliston, Mass. 
The shrub with yellow flowers and bladd ry pod is Colu 
tea arborescens. Bladder-.-enna ; the other is Amorpha 
/ruticosa, F-.iHe Indigo. ..J. J. S., West Point, 0. Di- 
centra spectabilis, the Bleeding Heart : the other a Pha- 
celia, but not enough of it to determine which . . . W. S. 
Van Doren, Kansas. We cannot undertake to tell 
double roses from dry Sjiecimens " Subscriber," 
Baskingridge. The Scarlet Lychnis, Lychnis Chalced- 
onica,^. very old garden plant J. Johnson, Camden, 
N. J. No. 1, Rhexia Yirginica, Deer-Grass. No. 2, 
Polygala sanguinea Mrs. O. D. Frost. Neoslio Co., 
Kansas. Sabbatia angularis, one of the species of 
American Centaury; atid something of the Mint Family, 
but no flowers to determine it by. — We have a number of 
other specimens which will be determined as soon as we 
have lime. 
Stra'wfeerries is& lo'wa. — J. Bouland, 
Winneshiek Co., Iowa, has tried several varieties, and 
they all failed. He does not say whether they were cov- 
ered in winter. Plant in spring and when the weather 
is cold enough to freeze the ground, coverwiih straw, 
corn stalks, or leaves. Wilson's Albany is perhaps as 
safe as any, but It is no hardier than the Agriculturist 
and many others. 
Frfliit In San Trancisco. — Mi*. T. Hart 
Hyalt writes, that apricots and green corn appeared in 
the markets of San Francisco on May 20th, and at Ihe 
date of his letter, June 29lh, ripe fresh figs have been on 
sale for several days. 
Setting*- Osag^e Orangfe Hedg;es,-J. 
T. McLain, Slorrow Co., O. It will not do to set Osage 
Orange plants in autumn. The yearling plants are very 
tender, and need to be taken from the seed bed and pro 
tected through tlie winter, by selling tliem in boxes of 
earth in the cellar, or by stacking Ihera up out of doors 
and covering sufliciently with earth lo prevent freezing. 
Pinlfs and 5*ansies-— J. Bouland. If 
your pinks are carnations Ihey should have been layeitd 
when in bloom. If they are of the China, or other bien- 
nial sorts, you must rely upon seed. Pansies strike 
readily from cuttings taken early in the season from 
near the bottom of the plant. 
Auts in tUe Garden.— " H. AV." We 
never had much success in fighting ants, but have not 
tried Mr. Rivei s' preparation, w hich is : boil 4 oz. qmis- 
sia chips for 10 minutes in a gallon of water, and add 4 
oz. soft soap. This is poured into the holes and sprinkled 
about in Ihe places where Ihey congregale. 
B*eaclies in PViagara Co. — We are glad 
to learn from a Lockport con es[>nndent, tliat the promise 
of peaches was never better tlian it is at present. 
Preserving Celery in Cellars.— R. 
Reed, Wayne Co., N. Y., asks the best way lo preserve 
celery in cellars, as he finds his to rot by January 1st. 
The best way to preserve celery is lo keep it out of the 
cellar altogether. Make a trench in a dry place, a foot 
v%ide. and as deep as the celery Is tall. Set the plants up- 
right in the trench, packed close together, and leave them 
until severe weather comes, when straw or other litter is 
lo be thrown over, putting it on gradually as the weather 
gets colder, until it amounts to a foot in thickness. 
iriic ^Vilson^s Early and EfLittatEU« 
ny Blackbera'fes,— The experience of anotlier sea- 
son shows the great superiority of these varieties. Th« 
Wilson's Ea'iy is especially valuable as a market fruit, 
being early and ripening rapidly. We liave seen fine 
specimens from Mr. John S. Crdlins. of Moorestown, N. 
J., and shall have more to say of this variety at anoiher 
time. The Kittatinny has this year more than sustained 
the high praise wc have heretofore given it. It is a Hllle 
later than the Wilscm. and the sweetest and most delicious 
fruit of any variety that we have seen in cultivation. 
A '* Marcos I\est" in Viueland.— The 
Vineland people have discovered that their Wilson's 
Strawberry plants are mostly "bogus "—a variety we 
have not heard of before. A committee has been ap- 
pointed by the Agricultural Society to visit the plantations 
and point out tiie true and the'" bogus" Wilson. This 
committee find from tliree fourths to one-eighth of the 
plants to be " bogus." Tlie singular thing about it is that 
the committee consists of two dealers, who have straw- 
berry plants for sale and benevolently pull up '• bogus 
plants," if paid for it, and also furnish the true for a com- 
pensation. This is as a correspondent states, and ac- 
cording to this, it looks like a rather smart operation. 
