18fi3.J 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
185 
of the plant is going on, ami they are made to expose as 
much surface as possible. If we look at a Morning glory 
leaf, (fig. 12) we find first a leaf-stalk or petiole, and then 
the broad part or limb of the leaf. A strong rib— the 
mid-rib — runs directly 
through it from the pet- 
iole to the point, and 
from this numerous wrin* 
branch off on each side, 
so that the leaf when 
held up to the light, is 
seen to be a frame work 
of fibres, filled in with a 
green pulp. We find 
leaves having a great va- 
riety of shapes ; some of 
them have petioles, but 
this is not essential. In 
the Flax there is no pet- 
iole, the blade sets direct- 
ly on the stem, is sessile 
as it is called. The leaf 
of the Morning glory is 
heart-shaped. That of 
the Flax and Oat are lin- 
ear. Many other terms 
are used to express the 
shapes of leaves, which 
need not be learned at 
present. The Tomato 
leaf (fig. II) will be found 
very much cut up, and 
is w hat is called a com- 
pound leaf. These parts 
Fig. 11— tomato leaf. of the leaf are called 
leaflets. If you notice other leaves, you will find a great 
variety in this division, from the deeply cut leaf of the 
Tomato, to leaves that merely have their edges notched 
like a saw, as in the cherry. In the Sweet Pea, (fig. 14,) 
the petiole bears two divisions or leaflets, and the end of 
the peliole bears a little appendage, as in the lower leaf 
in the figure, which is sometimes developed as a leaflet, 
as shown in the second leaf, but when the plant gets old- 
er, it appears as a tendril, represented in the upper leaf, 
by which the plant clings to brush or other support. 
Where the petiole of the Sweet Pea leaf joins the 
stem are a couple of little appendages called stipules 
— upon the garden pea these are very large. The sti- 
pules as well as 1 lie petiole are not always present. 
The leaf of the Oat, [fig. 13,) will upon examination be 
found to present a different appearance from the oth- 
er. At first sight you will be puzzled to make out its dif- 
ferent parts, but on close examination it will be seen that 
the petiole here is broad and clasps around the stem, form- 
ing a kind of sheath. Upon holding the blade of the le;if 
up to the light it will be seen that the veins are very dif- 
ferent from lliose of the other leaves ; instead of forming 
a net work they all run straight from one end to the oilier. 
It was mentioned in the last lesson that the embryo of the 
with netted veins, while monocotvTcdonous plants have 
no netled veins, but they are parallel, running lengthwise 
as in the Oat, or from a mid-rib straight out to the margin 
of the leaf. Of course we can not give all the varie- 
ties which leaves present, but they will be found fo 
Le constructed on essentially the same plan. Now if 
you have looked at the plants attentively you will have 
observed two things which it is well to bear in mind i 
1st. That the same part may take on a great many differ- 
ent shapes and still perform its work. This has been 
illustrated in the different forms of the stem and leaf. 
'2d. That a part may be wholly or partly diverted from 
its ordinary use and made to serve another purpose. We 
have seen that the seed leaves may serve to hold food ; 
Fig. 14— SWEET PEA. 
that the root, as the beet, etc., may also store up food, and 
(hat a part of the leaf rnaybe modified, as in the pea, 
into a tendril to help the plant to climb. All the parts of 
the plan! concerned in making its growth, are either root, 
stem or leaf, and having seen how these vary in those we 
have mentioned, you will now take great interest in look- 
ing at other plants, and in seeing what an infinite number 
of shapes can be given to these three parts. 
Fig. 12— MORNING GLORY. 
Fig. 13— OAT. 
Oat was peculiar in having but one cotyledon, and we 
now see that the leaves are very different from those 
plants in which the embryo has two cotyledons. It is 
generally the case, lhat dicolvledonous plants have leaves 
How are our Dresses to ee Made ?— A. contempo- 
rary answers the foregoing queslion in the following 
lively manner :— " By a sewing machine, of course. We 
trust that the day is over in which needle drudgery sets a 
feeble opposition to the musical click of the Wheeler & 
Wilson machine. A lady who says she does not know 
how to use a sewing machine, is looked upon with as 
much distrust as a lady who says she don't like babies! 
Side by side, in every home, we see the piano and the 
sewing machine. Of course, people have a right to their 
preferences, but give us the merry little musician whose 
crystal eye and silver tongue not only fill the ear with 
melody, but set the pulses of life and health throbbing 
anew in the weary hearts of a million women. Is it not 
better than all the pianos ever tuned ? Some of the new- 
est improvements to the Wheeler <fc Wilson machine, are 
the Binder, Braider and Corder, all of which ladies find 
indispensable. The Braider is particularly appropriate 
to the present mania for decorating everything with braid. 
"I do not know what we should do without the Wheeler 
<fc Wilson Braider,' said the director of one of our fashion- 
able mantilla establishments, when we inquired how those 
tasteful labyrinths of braid were laid on, and his words are 
echoed in every home in the land.- Really, we scarcely 
know which blessing to wish our young lady friends — 
a Wheeler & Wilson machine or a husband ! We rather 
incline to the former, for they can exist minus the matri- 
monial alliance, but can't do without a sewing machine. 
What do you say, girls?" 
From the New- York Evangelist. 
Embroidered Dresses. — The fashion of having em- 
broidery on cloaks, ladies' dresses, and, in fact, garments 
of almost every description, is rapidly on the increase in 
this country —imported, as are other fashions, from Paris. 
Fortunately for the ladies, the crisis has not caught them 
unprepared, and left them with no oilier means of orna- 
menting their articles of dress but the tedious and lire- 
some one by hand. There is at least one of our popular 
sewing machines (Grover <fe Baker's) which is adapted 
to both sewing and embroidery — the latter as well and as 
rapidly as it sews the plainest sewing. 
Business Notices. 
$^° Eighty Cents a Line of space. 
Housekeepers, Use the Best 
Pylc's Sale rat us, 
Pyle's Cream Tartar, 
Pyle's O. K. Soap. 
These articles are nut up expressly for the best Family 
Trade, and the steadily-increasing demand is the best 
proof of their superiority. Sold by Grocers everywhere. 
JAMES PVLE, Manufacturer, 
No. 350 Washington-street, New-York. 
Lands— To All Wanting Farms. 
Large and thriving settlement of Vineland, mild Hi- 
male, 30 miles south of Philadelphia, by railroad ; rich 
soil; fine crops; twenty acre tracts, at from $15 to $20 
per acre; payable within four years. Good business 
openings ; good society. Hundreds are settling and milk- 
ing improvements. Apply to CHAS K. LANDIS, Post- 
master, Vineland, Cumberland County, N. J. Letters 
answered. Papers containing full information sent free. 
The Markets. 
American Agriculturist Office. I 
New- York, Wednesday Morning, May 20, 1863. ( 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUB NKW-TORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wit eat. Corn. Eye. Barley. Oats. 
3tdays *A4» m'th 8#i,Q00 540,(ino 566,000 45,000 51.000 410000 
3G days last m'th 8U.0QQ 41,450 1JT.0OO 1S.750 93,000 230,001) 
Sales. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Eye. B-irley. 
25 days thin month, 349,000 188.000 l,fi&),000 102.000 91,000 
26 days last month, Sil.OOO 413,000 1,493,000 148,800 105,000 
H, Comparison with same time last year. 
receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Eye. Earley. Caftt 
26 days 1803.. ..S4.7.G0Q 510.000 5%.000 45.000 51.000 410.000 
25 days 1862 ... 371,000 518,000 390,000 53,000 101,000 17ii,000 
sales. I'lour. Wheat. Com. Eye. Earley. 
26 days 1863 349,000 7R3.000 1,839,000 10*>,000 91.000 
35 days 1802 411,000 69^,000 1,30(5,000 154,000 tte,000 
3. Exports from New-York, Jan. 1, to May 14. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rue. Outs. 
Bbls. Hush. Bush. Bush. Bush. 
1863 817,098 4,103,938 2,508,253 216,383 101,684 
1862 933,922 2,638,284 4,773,120 004,078 17.S03 
Current Wholesale Pp.ices. 
April 18. May 20. 
Flour— S unci* to Extra State $0 10 © 7 25 ?5 30 © 6 50 
Superfine western.. ., 6 15 © 6 50 5 30 ©5 60 
Extra Western. 6 80 © 9 75 6 05 © 9 50 
Kxtra Genesee 7 30 © 8 75 6 00 © 8 25 
Super, to Extra Southern .... 7 00 © 9 75 6 05 ©9 50 
Kye Flour— Fine and Super. 3 40 © 5 40 3 40 © 5 40 
Corn Meal ... 4 10 © 4 80 4 20 © 4 GO 
Wiikat— AllkindsofWhite.. 1 75 © 1 90 1 05 © 1 75 
All kinds ot'Iied 132 © 1 75 1 20 © 1 55 
Corn— Yellow 92 © 95 75 © 82 
Mixed .... 88 @ 90 75 © 78 
Oats— Western 86 © 87 70 o 72 
State 87 © 87J4 70 © 7> 
ItVE 1 04 © 1 09 1 00 © 1 03 
Barley 1 45 © 1 60 1 20 © I 40 
Beans— per bushel.... 2 00 @ 3 15 2 00 @ 315 
Cotton— Middlings, per 11).... 06 © 67 50 © 57 
Hops, crop of 1882, perlb 16 a 24 16 © 24 
Feathers, Live Geese, p. lb.. 52>'@ 55 46 @ 53 
Seed— Clover, per lb 8Vrf @ 9K 8 © S=tf 
Timothy, per bushel 165 ©2 00 Nominal. 
Flax, per bushel.. 3 50 @ 4 00 Nominal. 
Sugar— Brown, per lb. 8V.1 © 12 8>$@ 12'f 
MoLASSEs.New-Orleans, p.gK. 45 @ 55 40 © 53 
Coffee. Rio, per lb . . 30 @ 33 30 © S3 
Tobacco— KentucUy,&c,p. lb.. 10 © 35 14 © 32 ^ 
Seed Leaf, per lb. . 14 © 45- 12>£<8 AV,\ 
Wool— Domesti c fleece, p. lb,. 75 © 9ft 63 @ 87 
Domestic pulled, per !o 65 ©90 68 © 85 
"Wool, California, unwashed.. 30 © 55 25 © 50 
Tallow, perlb.... ILK® 13 H © UK 
Oil Cake, per tun 40 00 @47 00 Nominal. 
Pork— Mess, per bbl... 13 50 ©15 50 12 00 (^14 12K 
Prime, per bbl 1100 ©13 00 10 75 @12 50 
Bkkf— Plain mess 10 50 ©12 00 9 50 ©1175 
Lard, in bbls.. per lb 9^ @ 10^ 9%© 10% 
Bt-TTEK— Western, per lb 18 @ 19 12 @ 16 
State, per lb 18 @ 24 16 © 23 
CHEKSE 11 © 14 8 © 14 
Broom Corn— ner ft 8 © 10 8 © 10 
Eggs— Fresh, per dozen 15 ©17 14 @ 15 
Poultry— Fowls, per lb 12 @ 14 12 @ 14 
Ducks, per tb 15 © 18 14 © 17 
Geese, per lb 7 @ 10 7 © 10 
Turkeys, per lb.. 10 @ 14 12 © 15 
Potatoes— Common, p. bbl.. 1 25 © 1 50 1 00 © 1 25 
Peach Blow, per bbl 150 ©175 137 ©102 
Mercers, per bbl 175 ©2 25 175 ©2 25 
Nova Scotia, per bushel 40 © 50 40 © 45 
Sweet, per bbl.... 4 00 © 4 25 4 00 © 
Onions, lied & Yellow p. bbl. 4 00 @ 4 50 2 50 © 
Apples, Green inss&Knssets 2 00 ©2 75 2 50 ©3 50 
Apples, choice, per bbl 2 00 ©4 00 S 50 ©3 75 
Dicied Apples, perlb 4 © 6K 4 @ 6 
^Uinrtisemettts. 
Advertisements to be sure of insertion must be re- 
ceived at latest by the 15th of the preceding month. 
TERMS— (invariably cash before insertion) : 
FOP. THE ENGLISH EDITION ONLY. 
Fiftu cents per Y\nc of space for each insertion. 
SSf-'Eusiness Notices, highly cents per line of space. 
FOR THE GKF.MAN EDITION" ONLY. 
Ten cents per line of space for each insertion. 
In both English and German, Fifty-Jive cents per line. 
CJNUG FARM FOR SALE.— 70 acres with good 
^-9 Ho use. Barn and Well— light soil, no stones; 5Jj miles 
from Saratoga Springs— Price $1,500 including crops, stock 
and implements. Title unexceptionable. Enquire of CHAS. 
EDMONDS. SO Nnssau-st., New-York. 
