250 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
fACGTJST, 
in need. How their sufferings wipe out the remotest 
feeling of enmity ! Most of them were from North Car- 
olina, and in bitter tones did they complain of those who 
had brought on this war, and forced them to take part in 
a strife for which they had no heart— a strife to break up 
a Union which they loved. 
Exhausted by labors in which I had been stimu'.atcd to 
exertion far beyond ordinary endurance, and relieved by 
hundreds of fresh hands, I left the camp to-day, and have 
this afternoon walked and ridden around the battle fields 
to gain some idea of the contest. I have not lime, 
strength, or space for more than a brief description. 
I write sitting upon a marble shaft broken by a cannon 
ball in the cemetery, on a hill, the summit of which is 
about on a level with the tops of the church steeples in 
the village of Gettysburg, 75 to 100 rods north of me. 
A gentle valley about a mile wide comes in from the east, 
bends around north of the village, and runs west, then 
southwest, and nearly south. High ground extends from 
this cemetery to the southwest, and a low broad ridge 
gently slopes off into the valley, and terminates in a bluff 
of bare rocks facing the west, beyond which is a high 
round-topped hill. Back of me (south) is low ground, 
followed by alternate ridges and valleys. On the right 
(southeast) are several hills partly wooded, with hollows 
between. Directly east is the valley first described. A 
hundred rods or so southwest of me is the little house at 
first occupied by Gen. Meade, with a grove on this side. 
Just back of my left is another little grove. Away be- 
yond the valley, on the north, northeast, northwest, and 
west, area succession of elevated knolls, forming almost 
a continuous ridge. Woods upon some of these, and in 
the hollows beyond, form apparently a continuous grove, 
which screened the movements of the enemy in trans- 
ferring corps and brigades, from wing to wing. The low 
hills around the northern side of the whole semi-circle 
were occupied by the batteries of the enemies' cannon, 
which sometimes concentrated their entire fire on the 
spot where I sit, and the shells went over and across, often 
falling in the valleys for a mile or two south. Their ef- 
fects are seen in the dead horses and the scattered graves. 
Part of our troops were placed upon this point (Ceme- 
tery Hill) and along the high ground a mile southeast, 
and three miles or so southwest, while others were in the 
valleys to the south, and were moved to the left or right 
as required by the exigencies of the battle. 
The first day (Wednesday) Gen. Reynolds' Corps 
marched through the village to the hills northwest, where 
they discovered the enemy before concealed by the hills 
and woods. After a sharp contest this Corps were over- 
whelmed, and retreated through the village to the Ceme- 
tery Hill. During the night the rest of our army came 
up from the south, and the balance of the enemy came in 
from Chambersburg, at the northwest, Carlisle at the 
north, and York at the northeast. All day Thursday and 
Friday, was spent in attempting to drive our men from 
their position, or break through the!:' lines. More than a 
hundred, cannon upon the circle of hills, with occasional 
intermission sent a shower of shells over the valley. Now 
on the right, and now on the left, large bodies of men 
would come dashing through the valley, and attempt to 
force their way through our ranks. The moment they ap- 
peared in sight, our shells began to fall upon them ; 
when from X to Ji mile distant, canister shot mowed 
down their fearful swaths; when almost up to the can- 
non, long lines of men rose from behind stone fences, or 
extemporized breast-works of rails and earth two to 
three feet high, and rained in upon them myriads of rainie 
balls, and in every case the shattered columns though al- 
most up to our men, were sent flying back through the 
valley in disorder. Sometimes they threw into confusion 
and retreat a small body of our men advanced far into 
the foreground, but ere they reached the established lines, 
the quick eye of the General hail observed it, and, a re- 
served force was sent forward, who had been until then 
concealed in the low ground or woods at the rear (south) 
or engaged in the other wing, and these turned back the 
tide. At the left, where are two groves, the battle moved 
back and forth several times. A farm-house and barn at 
this point ate shattered by shells and canister shot, from 
garret to cellar. (I have in my pocket a canister shot 
that went through the door, through a partition, and 
lodged in the plastering on the opposite side of the par- 
lor.) Thirty graves of the enemy's officers are seen near 
the barn, marked by head-boards. In a wheat field close 
to the yoods out of which our men emerged in ore of 
these countercharges, I counted on a space less 11 ,n 100 
feet square, forty-nine bodies of the enemy, iiribir .ed two 
hours ago. The grand final attempt was made i.u Friday 
toward evening. A body of men (in solid ranKS as far as 
the eye could see, says a slightly wounded soldier by my 
side) came driving across the plain or valley a little west 
of the village, on our left center. They were determined 
to break through by force of numbers. But, as in other 
cases, they were, hurled back, thousands of them falling 
dead or wounded, (only one out of eight or ten who are hit, 
is killed). In the confusion thus produced, a column of 
our men concealed in a hollow, and by bushes a little 
further south, closed in around some 3000 of the broken 
mass, and took them prisoners. The rest retired again 
over the valley, and thus ended the three days' strife. 
With a bold show in front, the enemy retreated, concealed 
by the hills and woods, on Saturday and through the 
night. As our own men entered upon the vacated ground, 
the wounded enemy were found in fields and groves for 
miles away, and they are yet being found and brought in. 
The churches and almost every house in the village are 
filled with wounded, in addition to the hospital camps, 
though none of the latter are so large as that of the 2nd 
Corps above referred to. Strange to say, though tens of 
thousands of missiles were hurled over and around the 
village, very few houses show any marks, and the inhab- 
itants in part remained in safety, as all could have done. 
But I must close, for I have already provided for filling 
all the spare columns. As I sit here and take in the field 
of contest at a glance, and think of the results to flow 
from it in the long future, I can not refrain from sending 
these few items to our readers. It were worth a long 
pilgrimage to come here, not to gather relics, but to con- 
template on the ground itself the stirring events which 
have so recently transpired on this Waterloo of America, 
this triumphant battle field of American Freedom. 
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Address Dr. John Ellis, 47 West 29th-street, New-York. 
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THE CRAIG MICROSCOPE. 
This is the best and cheapest microscope in 
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for $5. Address HENRY CRAIG, 
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A liberal discount to the trade. 
Lands— To All Wanting Farms. 
Large and thriving settlement of Vineland, mild cli- 
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master, Vineland, Cumberland County, N.J. Letters 
answered. Papers containing full information sent free. 
The Markets. 
American Agriculturist Office, t 
New-York, Saturday Morning, July 18, 1863. j 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT THE NEW-YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Bye. Barley. Oats. 
24 days tft&m'th 552,000 2,974,000 2,760,000 48,000 23,500 1,255.000 
20 days last m'th 500.000 3,162,000 3,204,000 27,000 58,000 1,010,000 
Sales. Flour. Wfieat. Corn. Bye. Barley. 
24 days Mf* month, 411,000 2,929,000 2,866.000 £3,000 11.000 
25 days last month, 375,000 3,256,000 3,631,000 82,000 50,000 
2. Comparison icith same time last year. 
receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Bye. Barley. Oats. 
24 days 1863.. ..552.000 2.S74.000 2,769,000 48.000 28,500 1,255,000 
23 days 1802...'. 654,000 3,239,000 2,355,000 73,000 43,000 447,000 
sales. Flour. Wheat. Com. Bye. Barley. 
21 days 1863 411,000 2,92:1,(100 2,866,000 93,000 11,000 
38 days 1862 64-J.00O 4,726,000 3,052,000 132,000 6,000 
3. Exports from New-York, Jan. 1, to July 18. 
Flour. 
Bbls. 
1863 1,339,192 
1862 1,552,583 
Wheat. Corn. 
Hvsh. Hush. 
7,904,527 5,871,353 
8,045,042 6,012,533 
Rye. 
Bush, 
Outs. 
Hush. 
318,103 
WJ.SB3 
114,689 
22,023 
4. Receipts at Albany, by Canal, each, of the last 
three seasons, to July 14. 
1861. 1862. 1863. 
Canal opened May 1. May 1. May 1. 
Flour, bbls 345,500 561,700 491.7(H) 
Wheat, bush 9.764,900 9.649.100 7,090,900 
Corn 5,389,000 5,671,100 9,167,11)0 
Barley 135,800 419,700 59.900 
Outs 1.938,000 1,454,500 3,427.700 
Rye 264,500 316,500 121 ,000 
Current Wholesale Prices. 
June 18. July 18. 
Flour— Super to Extra State $4 75 @ 6 05 $4 00 @ 5 50 
Superfine Western. 4 75 © 5 00 4 00 © 4 50 
Extra Western 5 50 © 9 n0 5 00 © 00 
Extra Genesee 6 10 © 7 75 5 60 © 7 25 
Super, to Extra Southern 6 25 © 9 50 5 80 © 9 00 
ItYE Flour— Flue and Super. 3 40 © 5 25 3 40 © 5 20 
Corn Meal ... 4 25 @ 4 55 4 00 (5)4 40 
Wheat— All kinds of White,. 1 60 © 1 75 1 40 © 1 60 
All kinds of Red 117 ©155 108 (5)132 
Conx— Yellow 78 @ 81 76K@ 7t» 
Mixed 75 @ 78 64 (3) 66 
Oats— Western 78 ©81 73 © 75 
State.. 80 © 81 75 @ 76 
Hye 103 ® 1 05 90 (Si 1 03 
Barley. 1 00 © 1 25 Nominal. 
Beans— per bushel 2 00 ©3 15 2 00 @ 3 30 
GOTTOK— Middlings, per lb... 57 © 58 ©60 
PIops. crop oflS62, per lb 15 © 22 14 @ 21 
Feathers. Live Geese, p. lb.. 43 © 50 48 @ 50 
Seed— Clover, per lb 8^@ 9>£ Kominal. 
Timothy, per bushel 2 00 © 2 25 Kominal 
Flax:,. per bushel 2 45 ©2 60 Nominal 
Sugar— Brown, per lb. 9 © 12}£ 9 © 12^ 
MoLAssES.New-Orleans, p.gl.. 38 © 50 35 © 48 
Coffee. Rio, per lb ... 2SK© 31J£ 27 ©' 29M 
Tobacco— Kentucky.&cp.lb.. 12J4® 31 12 ©' 30 
Seed Leaf, per lb... 12^© 42)4 30 © 40 
Wool— Domesticfleece.p.ib.. 60 @ 80 65 © 80 
Domestic, pulled, per lb 48 © 75 55 © 75 
Wool, California, unwashed.. 22%® 50 25 © 55 
Tallow, per lb 11 © W% 9v@ 10 
Oil Cake, per tun 37 50 ©45 00 35 00 ©45 00 
Pork— Mess, per bbl 12 75 ©13 00 13 75 © 
Prime, per bbl 1150 ©1175 1100 ©1125 
Beef— Plain mess 9 75 ©11 75 9 50 @U 75 
Lard, in bbls., per lb 9>£© 10K 9#@ 10 
Butter— Western, per lb 16 © 19 14 © 17 
State, per lb. 16 © 22 15 @ 21 
Cheese 8 © 11 9 @ 11 
Broom Corn— ner lb 8 © 10 8 © 10 
Eggs— Fresh, per dozen 15 © 17 18 © 20 
Poultry— Fowls, per lb 9 @ 12 10 © 16 
Ducks, per lb 16 @ 18 16 © IS 
Geese, per lb 6© 8 5© 8 
Turkeys, per lb .8 © 10 8 © 10 
Potatoes— Dykman, p. bbl. . 3 00 © 3 50 
Mercers, per bbl 3 50 @ 4 00 
Turnips— Rata baga, per bbl 75 © 1 00 1 50 © 1 75 
Onions, Red & Yellow p. bbl. 3 00© 3 25 
Cabbages, per 100 4 00 © 6 00 
Cucumbers, per 100 1 00 @ 1 25 
Dried Apples, per lb. 3 © 6 4 © 6>£ 
Dried Peaches, per lb 15 ©16 15 © 16 
Currants, per lb 3 © 4 
Gooseberries, per bushel.. 2 50 © 3 50 
Huckleberries, per bushel. 2 50 © 3 00 
Blackberries, per bushel.. 2 00 © 2 25 
Business in all articles of Domestic produce has been 
restricted, during the past month. Lee's invasion of Ma- 
ryland and Pennsylvania, early in the month, occasioned 
great alarm, and a partial suspension of all other than 
military operations. His speedy defeat by Meade, and 
the glorious news of the capture of Vicksburgh, Port 
Hudson, and Chattanooga, restored public confidence. 
Gold accordingly fell off rapidly, closing as low as 125>£c. 
(a>V26c, or at the reduced premium of 25>£c.f2)26c. per 
cent. This sharp reaction of course brought about a 
corresponding decline in the market value of most kinds 
of produce, particularly Breadstuff's ; and made holders 
very eager to dispose of their supplies, rather than take 
the risks of the future. Buyers, however, have been re- 
luctant to purchase freely, especially for export, owing to 
the great depression in the market for Sterling Exchange 
Bills, which are usually governed by lite price of Gold. 
At present, all parties are sorely puzzled to determine 
what to do. Holders are unable to discover any encour- 
agement to reserve their stocks, while purchasers are 
afraid to buy more than they immediately require, as the 
probabilities are in favor of a further depreciation in 
prices. The opening of the Mississippi River is not re- 
garded as of so much advantage to commercial interests, 
as to the National arms, in a military sense. Trade on 
the river, during the present war, it is argued must be at- 
tended with extraordinary hazard, and therefore can not 
become very extensive or prosperous, before the return 
of peace. It is true that the impoverished people of the 
valley, within the limits of the rebellious States, must 
need and doubtless procure supplies of food ; but any de- 
mand, beyond this, is not looked for immediately. Asa 
means of conveying produce to the seaboard for shipment 
thence, the Mississippi can not be relied upon, until hos- 
tilities shall have been brought to a close. The Canals 
and Railroads of the loyal North will consequently con- 
tinue to the end of the war to enjoy a monopoly of the 
forwarding business. New-York will continue to receive 
the bulk of the produce coming eastward from the interi- 
or, and stocks in this market will be likely to keep in ex- 
cess of the actual wants of the trade of the port, wKich 
will depend for its volume and prosperity, very largely 
on the premium which gold will command. If gold 
should continue to decline, merchants apprehend a sweep 
ing derangement of business, temporary it is true, but, 
nevertheless, decidedly injurious. As it is, the fall of 
25(a)30 per cent, has had a most depressing influence on 
all commercial interests, and caused unusual irregularity 
