1S63.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
313 
The pistil of the pea, in ripening to become the fruit, 
undergoes but little change except that of size. The 
style withers away and the ovary grows on to form the 
fruit, which in this case is a pod. The ovary when ripe 
is called the pericarp (meaning around the fruit,) and this 
in the pea remains thin and leaf-like. The fruit of the 
Fig. 34.— HALF OF A PEA POD. 
Morning Glory is unlike that of the pea in several re- 
spects. The pistil of the Morning Glory is a compound 
one and we have a compound fruit. If we cut across 
the fruit before it is quite ripe we find that there are three 
divisions separating it into three compartments or cells, 
and each of the cells contains two large seeds.— When 
the fruit is quite ripe the pericarp becomes dry and, paper 
like and comes apart in three pieces to allow the seeds to 
fall out. The fruit of the Tomato looks very unlike that 
of the Morning Glory, but upon cut- 
ting it open we shall find that it is not 
so very different. For this examina- 
tion it is necessary to select a round- 
ish and rather small Tomato, as by 
high cultivation the fruit has become 
monstrous and very much changed 
from its natural condition, which is to 
have two or three cells. The round 
smooth, and regularly shaped Toma- 
to will, when cut open crosswise, generally present the 
appearance represented in the figure given below. You 
will notice that in ripening the pericarp has become very 
much changed, instead of being dry and thin, as in the 
Pea and Morning Glory, it has become thick and pulpy. 
You will generally find three divisions showing that the 
ovary was three ceV.sd. The placenta is very large— the 
white portion in the engraving— and bears a great number 
of seeds distributed all over its surface. Each seed is 
MORNING 
GLORY FRUIT. 
Fig. 36. — TOMATO CUT OPEN. 
surrounded by an abundant pulp. Pulpy fruits like the 
Tomato are called berries. The Melon when cut open 
shows you three placentas to which the seeds are attached, 
but they are not united in the centre, as in the Tomato. 
Origin of the ZVame, " Canada." 
A book printed in London, in 1698, written by L. Hen- 
nepin, and entitled, "A New Discovery of a Country 
Greater than Europe," gives the following explanation 
of the name "Canada." "The Spaniards were the first 
who discovered this country ; but at their arrival, having 
found nothing considerable in it, they abandoned it, and 
called it ' II Capa di Nada ;' that is, a Cape of nothing ; 
hence by corruption sprung the word Canada, which we 
use in all our maps." More recent explorers and settlers 
have discovered that the name was very far from expres- 
sing the truth. 
Indian JFnn— A. Snalcc Story. 
The following occurrence was related by Col. Edward 
Raymond, one of the earliest settlers near Lake Cham- 
plain, N. Y. He was on the lake in a canoe with an 
Indian named Big Bear, whom he had employed to row 
him to a distant point. In their course they passed near 
a sloping ledge of rocks where lay a large number of rat- 
tle snakes asleep in the sun. The Indian looked at the 
Col., and inquired, "Raymun love fun?" *' Yes," was 
the reply. " Well, then, Raymun have fun ; mind Indian 
and hole a glum" (keep still). So he rowed silently to 
the shore, cut a crolched stick of hazel, and carefully 
placed the crotch astride the neck of a serpent that lay 
asleep close by the water's edge. " Take urn now Ray- 
mun ; hole fass." The Col. then took hold of the stick, 
keeping the serpent down, while Big Bear tied up a little 
sack of powder with a slow match attached to it. He 
made this fast to the snake's tail, lighted the match, 
and gave the order " Let urn go," at the same time push- 
ing the canoe away from the shore. The snake being 
liberated, crawled away to his den. Big Bear immediate- 
ly stood up and clapped his hands, making as loud a noise 
as possible, which roused the snakes, and they, too, quick- 
ly disappeared. "Now look Raymun, now look, see fun," 
said he, and in about a minute the powder exploded, 
when there was fun alive, for the men, though not for the 
reptiles. The snakes in hundreds covered the rocks, all 
hissing, rattling, twining, twirling, and jumping, in every 
way imaginable. Col. Raymond burst into a loud laugh, 
but the Indian, true to his nature, maintained the utmost 
gravity, though doubtless he inwardly enjoyed the sport 
quite as well as his friend. 
Curious Letter. 
An old German work contains the following curious let- 
ter from the manager of a traveling theatrical company, 
to his business agent : " We have arrived here safe, 
after a long and troublesome journey, the ordered goods 
have arrived in good order. The messenger has brought 
us, snow and kail, in good order, the storm came one day 
later. I am sorry to say that the thunder bursted up and 
the lightning we had to patch up also. The ocean and 
rivers, I wish you to send by canal as the freight is cheap- 
er, and do not forget to send us new clouds, and a new 
sun. But the most important thing we want is a Bay, as 
ours has been burnt. Then we want a few yards of for- 
ests, and at least twenty yards of clear air. Roll them 
all up, and send them immediately." These terms refer- 
ed to the different parts of the scenery on the stage. 
A IVtodest Request— A Capital Story. 
It is related of President Lincoln, that recently a farm- 
er applied to him to secure his assistance in collecting a 
bill against the government, for damages done by troops 
passing through his premises. The President referred 
him to the proper officer, whose duty it was to attend to 
such matters. But the man was anxious that Mr. Lincoln 
should examine the case personally, and give an order to 
have it settled. " Then," said hef" they will attend to it 
at once ; otherwise I may have to wait a long time." 
"But I have no leisure to took after such things," said 
the President. " It won't take but a few minutes," urged 
the man. " You remind me of what occurred to a friend 
of mine on the Mississippi river," said the President. 
" He was Captain of a steamboat, and when passing 
through the rapids, he always took the wheel, and steered 
the boat himself. One day when he was in the most diffi- 
cult part of the stream, a boy came blubbering up to him 
crying, ( Captain, Captain !' — l Well, what do you want V 
'Oh! do stop the boat, I've lost my apple overboard!'" 
The farmer saw the point of the story, and wisely con- 
cluded to collect his bill in the usual routine manner. 
Xaking it Coolly. 
A not very skillful mason was employed to build an 
oren, which he completed in his usual style. The first 
time it was used, the whole structure tumbled into ruins, 
and the owner having found the mason, the following 
conversation occurred : " I have some news for you." 
"Ah! What is it." "The oven you built for me has 
fallen down." " O that is nothing new — if it had fallen 
■up that would have been news indeed." In spite of his 
vexation, the owner had to laugh at the mason's coolness, 
and left him, to seek a good workman to rebuild the oven. 
A large number of Boys and Oirls 
have in past years secured various articles from our 
premium list. Young persons are often the most suc- 
cessful canvassers. We have in mind a boy who secured 
a sewing machine for his mother ; another who got a 
wringing machine for his mother ; and a school which 
recently obtained a melodeon for their Room, in the same 
way, for everybody was ready to help them. A liberal 
hearted gentleman paid the freight for them. These are 
only examples of what has been done, and may be done 
again. 
A Curious Sign.— A correspondent writes to the Ag- 
riculturist : " In Y"reka, the county town of Siskiyou 
County (one of the northern counties of California, and 
on the Oregon line) the following sign hangs with glaring 
letters in. front of a baker's establishment, viz.: ' S. Gil- 
lig's, Yreka Bakery.' " At first sight this presents noth- 
ing remarkable, but upon examination it will be seen that 
the letters if read backwards, form exactly the same sign. 
Such a coincidence is extremely rare. 
A Crooked Company.— A Hibernian sergeant was 
drilling an awkward squad of volunteers, and spite of all 
his efforts, failed to bring them into a straight line. At 
last, out of all patience he cried out, " Oh ! what a bent 
row ; just come out lads and look at yourselves." 
PREMIUMS for 1864. 
Or Pay to Voluntary Agents who attend to 
Collecting and forwarding Clubs of Subscribers 
to the American Agriculturist. 9 
(Premiums opeu to all— No Competition.) 
Owing to the greatly increased cost of everything con- 
nected with publishing, and our determination not to raise 
the subscription price, and not to diminish the intrinsic 
value of the paper, but rather to improve it, we had ex- 
pected to give no premiums hereafter, excepting the 
Great Strawberry which will be a premium to every sub- 
scriber, and ought to be enough to secure as many sub- 
scribers as could be desired. But the previous plan has 
worked well, and many of those who have obtained pre- 
miums hitherto, express a strong desire to have an oppor- 
tunity to get some of the higher premium articles. After 
looking the ground all over, and making a careful esti- 
mate, we have decided to offer one genera] list, as named 
below. Any one desiring to do so, can go to work at 
once, and perhaps this very month get names enough for 
a good premium. All names sent in now, get the great 
strawberry plants and the two extra numbers. Note that 
five cents extra are needed when the " Agriculturist 
Strait-berry 1 ' plants are desired, if to go by mail. This 
will, of course, be paid by the subscribers themselves. 
The names (with money for each,) can be sent in as fast 
as gathered, so that the subscribers can begin to receive 
their papers. The premium will be paid to any one as 
soon as his list is completed. But, let it be distinctly 
noted, we can reckon for premiums only those names 
which are marked as for Premiums, when they are sent in. 
Hereafter all the separate names thus sent and marked 
as for premiums, will be at once numbered in a special 
book, with the name of the sender, so that we can immedi- 
ately turn to any canvasser's list, and see when it is full. 
Premium clubs need not necessarily be all at one Post- 
Office. Each list ought to contain a fair proportion of 
new names, for it is to bring the paper before new sub- 
scribers, that the premiums are in part intended. 
N. B.— Every article offered, is a good one— nothing 
second-hand or of poor make, or quality, or kind. We 
intend in all cases to deal fairly with everyone, and 
esteem as special friends those who labor to promote the 
interests and circulation of this journal. 
This list may perhaps be altered or amended from lime 
to time, if circumstances or change of prices, etc.. require, 
but all names sent in during any month, will be reckoned 
at the premium rates announced for that month. 
C&~ Canvassers need not choose any particular pre- 
mium until they get all the names they can. To avoid 
confusion, please send in the exact amount with each list 
of names. In special cases, the whole sum for a premium 
list may be forwarded, and the premium be received at 
once— the names to be sent in afterward. 
No charge is made for packing or boxing any of the ar 
tides in this Premium List. The books and the Premi- 
ums K,to S, inclusive, are delivered to any part of the 
United States and Territories, free of all charges. The 
other articles cost the recipient only the freight after 
leaving the manufactory of each. t^-Every article 
is new and of the very best make. 
3 
Table of Premiums for 1864. 
Names of Premium Articles. 
Good Books— See terms below * 
A— American Cyclopedia (Appleton's New). 836 00 
B— HestFamilv Clothes Wringer $7 00 
C— Nonpareil Washing Machine $10 00 
D— Sewing Machine, (Wheeler & Wilson) "$45 00 
E— Sewing Machine, (Wilcox & Cibbs) $40 00 
F— Woodruff's Mercurial Barometer $8 00 
G— Woodruff's Mercurial Barometer.. $12 00 
H— The Aquarius $10 00 
I— Five Octave Melodeon (best) $so 00 
J— Four Octave Melodeon (best).. 355 00 
V; os 
*7 44 
|6 20 
&g *4 % 
£S 83 73 
3*3 
K— Seven back Volumes Agricultruist," 
L— Six do do do 
M — Five do do do 
N— Four do do do 
O— Three do do do 
P— Two do do do 
Q— One do do 'do ^^ $1 24 
R— Jacob's Portfolio Paper File J $1 so 
S— Osborn & Hod^kinson's Paints- $1 an 
T— Premium Cylinder Plow. $10 00 
U— Eagle Plow No. 20 $935 
V— Hay and Straw Cutter (best) $0 00 
W— Steel-tooth Cultivator (host) $7 50 
X— Family Lard and Wine Press $7 00 j 
v. 
00 
105 
1S5 
63 
94 
G7 
WO 
234 
64 
58 
49 
42 
38 
24 
13 
17 
17 
78 
69 
65 
53 
54 
Descriptive Notes on the Premiums. 
* Books.— Any person sending in 20 or more subscribers, 
may select from our book list (page 317) to the amount 
of 10 cents for each name sent in at the club price of 80 
cents, or to the amount of 30 cents for each name at $1. 
(No books sent for less than 20 names). The premium 
books will be delivered any where in the United States, 
or to the border of the British Provinces, free of all 
