1874] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
57 
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of the manure. The floors of the stalls are 
sunk three feet below the surface. Here the 
cattle are fed atul well bedded with straw. If 
the straw is cut into lengths of at least three 
inches the manure is so 
much the better for it. 
The litter and the ma- 
nure remain in the stall 
during the whole winter, 
and as they gradually ac- 
cumulate and the floor 
rises the bars are raised. 
Each bar fits into sockets 
in the posts of the build- 
ing, and is held into its 
place by pins. The feed 
trough is made to slide 
up and down upon iron 
bars as may be needed. 
There is also a rack 
slung from the roof or 
ceiling above, between 
each pair of stalls, for 
long straw or hay, which 
is given once a day to 
the stock. The most appropriate and econ- 
omical feed for the stock in these stalls is cut 
hay and meal and roots, either steamed or 
otherwise. The richer the feed given the richer 
will be the manure. 
H 
3. — PLAN OF STALLS. 
An Improved Horse-Trough. 
— • — 
There are a great number of horses which 
have the wasteful habit of throwing their feed 
out of the trough by means of a side jerk with 
the nose. This is especially the case with 
horses that are fed with, cut feed, and it is in 
IMPROVED HORSE-TROUGH. 
the search for the loose meal which finds its 
way to tie bottom of the trough that the mis- 
chief is done. We have prevented the waste 
by simply nailing a few bars across the feed- 
trough as shown in the engraving. The horse 
then finds it impossible to throw his feed out, 
and must take it as he finds it. The bars should 
not he more than a foot apart. 
Burning Shells to Make Lime. 
— » — 
The engraving <hows the usual method of 
burning shells for lime in pits or heaps. This 
may be done very readily in places where 
shells are abundant and stones for building 
kilns are searec, as in localities along the bays 
and inlets along the coasts. In these localities 
shells are the only available source fur a sap- 
ply of lime, and this valuable fertilizer can not 
be procured in any other way except at great 
expense. To burn the shells a level spot 
should be made about twelve feet in uiau 
A quantity of rough brush-wood is then laid 
down several inches in thickness, leaving four 
or more open draft-way 01 Sues from the out- 
side to the center. Fine kindling-wood is laid 
in these draft-ways. A flue of sticks, placed 
upon their ends, is also made in the center of the 
heap connecting with these draft-ways. Upon 
this lower layer of wood a foot in thickness of 
tie ingenuity in place of the required pa 
tience may avail themselves of the contrivance 
here figured. It consists of a tube fastenet 
to the bottom of the feeding pail so that the 
milk can enter tht 
tube by the bottom 
and be sucked up lay 
the calf. A piece ol 
india-rubber t u b i 
with a nozzle of <•.'- 
der- wood, fro • 
which the pith has 
been forced, plan 
in the end to prevti 
collapse, will answi. 
the purpose. A I 
the calf has had £ 
short experience wi& 
a pail of this kind it 
is usually the case 
HEAPS OF SHELLS FOR BURNM8. tb . )t ft takeg tQ drit , k _ 
ing without the use of the tube, and it may 
then be removed. 
shells is placed, then a layer of wood and 
then one of shells, alternating with shells and 
wood, and gradually drawing in the heap until 
a conical pile about eight feet high is made. 
The central flue is carried up carefully to the 
top as the heap is made. The heap is then 
covered with swamp-grass or sea-weed or sods, 
upon which earth is thrown and closely beaten 
down. The hole at the top is left open at first. 
Then fire is put to the bottom of the heap at 
each of the draft-holes, and when the fuel is Well 
kindled the holes are closed or partly closed 
witli flat stones or sods so as to keep the fire 
from burning too quickly. When the heap is 
all on fire a flat stone is placed over the central 
hole, and the drafts are very carefully watched 
and managed so as to keep a moderate red-heat 
inside the pile. A ladder should be kept at 
hand to reach the top of the heap when neces- 
sary. As the heap gradually settles down the 
cracks which will appear should be closed with 
fresh earth. If a large hole should happen to 
be made a few shovelfuls of shells should be 
thrown into it, a quantity of damp grass or 
weeds placed upon them, and covered closely 
with fresh earth. In three days the shells will 
be burned into lime. 
The best way to use the shell-lime is to draw 
it as soon as cooled to the field where it is to be 
spread and deposit it in small heaps one or two 
rods apart each way, according to the quantity 
to be spread. If half a bushel is placed at 
each heap, and the heaps are one rod apart, 
there will be SO bushels of lime per acre. If 
the heaps are two rods apart there will be 20 
bushels per acre, and if the heaps contain one 
bushel there will be 40 bushels per acre. 
A Calf-Feeder. 
Patience is not a universal virtue, and a great 
deal of patience 
is required i n 
teaching a calf 
to drink. It is not 
an unc o m m o n 
thing to see the 
milk spilled b; 
the calf, and the 
poor cr e a t u i a 
banged with the 
empty pail by its 
more intelligent 
owner as a gentle 
intimation thai 
it must not do so 
again. Those who 
Protection for a Circular Saw. 
The circular saw is a necessary addition te 
the horse-power on every well-appointed farm. 
Besides its use for cutting fire-wood, it can tx 
CALF-FEEDER. 
would rather use a lit- 
PROTECTION FOR CIRCULAR SAW. 
made of great help in preparing lumber for 
constant repairs and alterations which 
needed. But such a saw requires to be 
with caution. The table needs to be made 
strongly and set very firmly. The grca 
care is needed to avoid flying splinters, pi 
of bark, or loose knots while the saw is in oj i 
tion. The edge of a saw two feet in diami 
revolving 3,000 times a minute, moves with a 
velocity of G00 feet in a second, and any pieces 
or splinters which may be thrown over tin- - 
moving with equal velocity, acquire force suSV- 
cient to do a serious injury should they 
any person. Tiiis danger maybe avoided 
'lgoverthe saw(from the ceiling or bi 
above) a frame of strip of pli il made as shows 
in the accompanying engravi 
than hanging a piece of solid plank, which is 
done, because the plank Jbscarea 
the sight, while the franc of strips does 
and the operator, being at le to see betweei 
strips, can view every thing which is | 
The spaces between the 
more tha i inch each in width. 
