82 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[March, 
Contents for March, 1874. 
Burn, Plan Torn Commodious f> Illustrations.. 97 
Bee Notes for March !I0 
Breeding, In and In 99 
Boys and Girls' Columns— The Doctor Takes the Boys 
to a Match Factory — Aunt Sue's Puzzle-Box — Bears, 
Performing — Steamboat. First — Ladder. Carrying a 
6 Illustrations.. 107, 108 
Bucket for Water Wheels S Illustrations. . 9G 
Butter and Cheese Dairying 99 
Calves, Black Leg in 97 
Cattle Tie, a Safe Illustrated. . 98 
Catalogues 88 
Cow, Ayrshire Illustrated. . 93 
Dai it. Butter 4 Illustrations. . 9G 
Fence for Poultry Yard, Portable 3 Illustrations. . 97 
Fern. Climbi ng Illustrated. .104 
Flouring Mill 4 Illustrations . 100 
Flower Garden and Lawn for March 84 
Fruit Garden for March S3 
Grass, Mixed 99 
Grass, Permanent 99 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for March 84 
Hogs, Salt fur 99 
Household Department — Wall Pockets and Holders — 
Sweet Home— What Shall we have for Breakfast? — 
Medical Matters, Concerning— Minor Hints and 
Notes — Netherland Breakfast — Johnnv Cake with 
Eggs— Paradise Cake 2 Illustrations .. 105, 106 
Kitchen Garden for March 83 
Little Farm well Tilled 98 
Manure. Making Rich 95 
Market Report for March 84 
Notes from the Pines 102, 103 
Ogdcn Farm Papers, No. 49— Butter Statistics 90. 91 
Orchard and Nursery for March 83 
Patents 89 
Plant, Biittcrflv Weed Illustrated. .10) 
Plant. Burnet Canada Illustrated . .104 
Plant, Carolina Jessamine, Double Illustrated . .101 
Plants, Packing Living 102 
Pony, Shetland Illustrated.. 93 
Potatoes. Two New 2 Illustrations. . 92 
Punch for a Bull's Nose Illustrated.. 99 
Pupil Farmers 98 
Robin, New Triek of the .103 
Salt for Stock, Use of 95 
Shrub, Olive Fragrant... Illustrated. .101 
Skill. Value of. . .'" 99 
Sod Plowing Illustrated.. 81 
Sweet- Potato Plants, Hardened S9 
Tomato Plants, Raising 103 
Tree, Blue Gum 92 
Trees from Seed, Forest 89 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 193 94, 95 
Wliipplr-Trees, Three-Horse Illustrated.. 99 
Work, nints About 82 
INDEX TO "BASKET." OTt SHORTErt ARTICLES. 
Animal Dust 87 
Architecture, Hussey'sNa- 
tional Cottage SB 
Bantams. Seabright 
Hens, Weh-Footed 87 
Hickory, Grafting the. ... 85 
Hooks or Haws 87 
Horse-Shoeing, Rational . . 87 
Barrow, Feed ST, Horticulture, Pupils in 80 
Blue-Grass Region of Ken- [Horticulturist,, Death of a 
tucky 87 N. H 85 
Botanical Directory SO Humbugs, Sundry 85 
Camellias R7jMalt Dust 87 
Camellia with two Centers. 85;Manure. Fresh or Decom- 
Chervil, Tuberous 87 1 posed 87 
Cornell University 87 Manure, Saving 87 
Corn, Triumph Sweet 85 Mower, a Guinea 87 
Cranberries 87 Mr. Judd's Health 85 
Cream, Foaming S7JMucilage 87 
Crops for.Sowing to Grass. 87iPeach. Early Beatrice... .87 
Cucumbers, Manure for.. .87| Pear Trees 87 
Dairymen's Assoc, Ohio. .86|Peas, Bugs in 87 
Dollars and Greenbacks. ..87 Roses by Mail 86 
Farmer, Becoming a 87 Senate, Now for the 85 
Fish, Gold 87iSpruce, Norway 87 
Fisk & Hatch, Banking Thrashing Machine, New.86 
House of 86 1 Walks in a Lawn 85 
Geraniums, Double 87 1 Whi'tewash, Permanent... 87 
Hay Press, Improved 86 Willows 87 
Hedge". 87, Windmill.What Came of a.87 
Desirable Wood-tiands.— " A Toting 
Farmer," Elmira, N. Y. There is a large tract of very 
desirable forest lands slill unoccupied in Michigan. 
These lands are now made accessible by several rail- 
roads. The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad has 
opened a fine country near Grand Traverse Bay, covered 
with beech and maple timber, which always denotes the 
best wheat lands. The Flint and Pere Marquette road 
and the Jackson, Lansing and Saginaw«road have also 
opened fine tracts of farming and lumbering lands. For 
those who desire to locate upon timber lands, these are 
very attractive, having the same climate as that of West- 
ern Canada and being equally fertile. In addition to 
their agricultural value, the timber upon these lands, in 
most cases, will more than pay for clearing them, and 
leave the laud free of cost. A large qnantity of these 
lands arc for sale by the above roads at moderate prices. 
Sngar-MaKing- Machinery.— " Sugar 
Maker." The sugar-making machinery made by Geo. L. 
Squier & Bro. of Buffalo, is adapted to the nsc of either 
the smallest or the largest planter. For making maple 
sugar or syrup from sorghum, their " American Evapor- 
ator " with portable furnace will be found very suitable. 
They also make a very strong horse-power, called the 
Sampson, for the purpose of driving the mills for crush- 
ing cane or for other purposes. Their machinery has 
taken first premiums wherever it has been exhibited, 
from Louisiana to New York. 
Calendar for March. 
Boston.NSng- 
I'lutl.X. York 
State, ilirhi- 
gun, Wiscon- 
sin, /'ilea, unit 
Oregon. 
II \! 
636 
i; :;l 
6 33 
6 31 
6 29 
6 28 
6 26 
i; ■?:, 
r, ■;:; 
6 21 
6 in 
6 1' 
6 16 
'i II 
6 12 
" 10 
5 so 
-. 51 
5 52 
5 54 
5 5' 
5 56 
.-. 58 
:, 59 
6 
6 1 
6 2 
6 3 
6 4 
6 7 
6 8 
6 9 
6 10 
6 II 
6 12 
6 14 
6 l.->fh 
6 16 
" 17 
6 19 
20 
6 21 
6 22 
6 23 
6 24 
6 25 
6 19 
rises 
6 22 
7 22 
8 21 
<J 21 
10 2.i 
11 30 
morn 
36 
1 42 
2 47 
8 44 
4 SO 
5 9 
5 40 
6 9 
sets 
18 
36 
10 5t 
norn 
9 
1 21 
2 23 
3 8 
3 51 
4 24 
4 49 
5 12 
5 31 
If. I'.CUu, CI., 
Philadelphia, 
.Xe>o Jersey, 
I'enn., Ofao. 
Indiana, ami 
Illinois. 
3SIS» ■*■? 
JIM 
6 34 
6 32 
6 31 
6 29 
il W 
c '.'7 
6 2i 
24 
6 22 6 
6 20 6 
6 186 
6 16 6 
6 15 6 
6 13 6 
6 12 6 
6 10 6 
6 96 
6 ;I6 
6 56 
6 36 
6 2,6 
6 16 
6 06 
5 68 6 
5 56 6 
5 546 
5 53 6 
5 52 6 
5 50 6 
5 48 6 
5 46 6 
u. X. 
6 15 
rises 
6 28 
7 22 
8 20 
9 19 
10 21 
11 25 
morn 
30 
1 36 
2 40 
3 37 
4 24 
5 4 
5 87 
6 7 
sets 
8 16 
9 82 
10 49 
morn 
3 
1 14 
2 16 
3 6 
3 45 
4 19 
4 46 
5 10 
5 31 
Washington, 
Maryland, 
Virginia,Ken- 
lucky, Missou- 
ri, and Cali- 
fornia. 
II .M II. M 
6 33 5 53 
6 31 5 54 
6 30 5 55 
i; 28 ', 56 
6 27 '5 5: 
6 26:5 58 
6 24 5 59 
6 23 6 
6 216 
6 19,6 
6 18 6 
6 16| 6 
15 
6 13 
6 12 
6 10 
6 9 
6 7 
6 5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 58 
5 56 
r, r,5 
5 54 
5 53 
5 51 
5 49 
5 47 
8 
9 
10 
G 11 
6 12 
r, 13 
6 14 
6 15 
6 16 
6 17 
6 18 
6 19 
li 2n 
6 20 
6 21 
6 22 
u. M. 
6 10 
rises 
6 21 
7 22 
8 20 
9 16 
10 18 
11 21 
morn 
24 
1 29 
2 32 
3 29 
4 17 
4 59 
5 S3 
6 5 
sets 
8 14 
9 29 
10 44 
11 57 
morn 
1 7 
2 8 
2 59 
3 39 
4 14 
4 42 
5 30 
PHASES OF THE MOON. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. TORE. 
WASU'N. 
oiia'ston 
CHICAGO. 

H. M. 
II. M. 
n. m. 
11. v. 
n. m. 
Full M'n 
3 
37 m. 
25 m. 
13 m. 
1 m. 
11 St ev. 
Sd Quart. 
11 
4 50 m. 
4 33 in. 
4 26 m. 
4 14 m. 
3 44 m. 
New M'n 
17 
1818th 
6 18th!ll 51 ev. 
11 42 ev. 
11 12 ev. 
1st Quart 
24 
5 47 ev. 
5 35 ev. 
5 23 ev. 
5 11 ev. 
4 41 ev. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, MARCH, 1874. 
Said a large iron manufacturer to us a few dajs 
ago : "I have been visiting some of the principal 
factories, in company with our foreman, to see 
what new and improved processes are adopted. 
We have picked up many ideas that will be of great 
use. to us. Time was when we could get high prices 
for our products, but now the manufacturer must 
study the closest economy. Our profits come from 
what we can save by adopting the best processes." 
This seemed to be a new idea to him. 
"Farmers," we remarked, "have always had to 
practice the closest economy. There is no busi- 
ness in which there is so much competition. We 
have long known that we must look to our profits 
by cheapening production." 
We fear, however, that we claimed more for far- 
mers than we are justly entitled to. Farmers are 
personally economical. As a rule, they do not 
spend too much on themselves or their families. 
But are we truly economical in our farm manage- 
ment '? Do we spend our time and labor to the best 
advantage ? Are we getting full returns from our 
horses, cows, sheep, and pigs ? They are eating 
every day, and cost us a large sum in the aggregate 
for food and attendance. If we take a load to mar- 
ket and come back empty we are losing half our 
own time and nearly half the powers of the team. 
If we set a man to plow, harrow, or cultivate with 
one horse when the work requires two, we are los- 
ing half the man's wages, ff he uses two horses 
when three are required we lose, one-third of his 
labor. It is a good time to think about these 
things, and make preparation for performing our 
work with the least loss. We hope no reader of 
the Agriculturist will let the present month of com- 
parative leisure go by without doing everything 
that can be done to facilitate the labors which will 
press upon us in a few weeks. 
Hints ahont Work. 
Sire Men for the Season. — Wages will be lower. 
But if you can find a good man pay him what he is 
worth. Let him feel that he is getting good pay 
for good work. 
Cottages for farm laborers arc much needed ; they 
save much labor in the farmer's house. 
The Farmer should Own the Cottage, and let the 
rent apply on the wages. If you rent the cottage 
you have no hold on the man. But if you let him 
have the house as part of the wages you can turn 
him out for disobedience or for auy reason suffi- 
cient to legally justify you in discharging a 
hired man. 
A Married Man 6hould, however, be treated 
with great forbearance. It is a cruel thing to turn 
a family out of doors. If the man is getting care-. 
less, let him know that you have this power, but 
do not exercise it except in extreme eases. 
Day Mm can usually be obtained early in the 
spring at comparatively low wages. We had men 
willing to work on our own farm in March for half 
what the same men ask in May, June, and July. 
The Days are Getting Longer. — We do a great deal 
of work in October and November, and pay very 
high wages. But the day is longer in February 
(say 10.40) than it is in November (say 0.55), and 
longer in March (say 12.17) than in October (6ay 
11.07); in fact, nearly as long as in September (say 
12.38). If we have any work that can be conve- 
niently done, therefore, we can not only get men 
at low wages, but the night*does not come so soon 
as in October. 
Write Down everything you have to do during 
the next four or five months ; and then see if there 
is not something that you can do now that will 
save time and labor. 
If you are going to Build, cut and hew the tim- 
bers and draw them where they arc wanted. Draw 
the lumber while there is sleighing. 
Keep the Teams at Work. — Better hire an extra 
man than let the horses lie idle. 
Draw Wood, and saw and split and pile up in the 
wood-house all you will want until next winter. 
Green Cord-wood should be drawn and put in a 
pile to season. Do not let it remain in the woods, 
and then have to draw it in the summer when you 
should be doing more important work. 
Draw Plaster, and sow it direct from the sleigh 
or wagon or stow it away in a dry place. It will not 
injure by keeping, unless it gets damp and lumpy. 
Draw Manure to the field where needed and put 
it in a pile to ferment. If some portions of the 
manure arc wet and some dry mix them together 
in the new pile. 
Cut up Hay and other Fodder with a horse-power 
machine and stow it away for future use. Scatter 
a little salt on it, 6ay at the rate of two quarts to 
a ton. 
Damaged Bay should be cut up and steamed. 
Molded hay is very injurious unless steamed or 
moistened with boiling water to destroy the fungus. 
A Good Grindstone is a necessity on every farm. 
If you have a horse-power or a wind-mill it will 
pay well to attach a driving-wheel to your grind- 
stone. Tou can then grind coulters, cultivator 
teeth, axes, spades, hoes, hay-knives, scythes, 
cradles, corn-cutters, cold-chisels, and anything 
and everything you will be likely to want during 
the coming busy season. 
Put ererythi?ig in perfect repair. — See Hints for 
la6t month. If you are near a blacksmith and 
wheelwright's shop you ca' Tobably get the work 
done cheaper and better than'by doing it yourself. 
But when you have to send several miles there are 
many little things that can be repaired at home in 
less time than is required to take them to the shop. 
A Chest of Tools and a Tool Shop will pay for 
themselves every year, provided you keep the tools 
in good order and in their proper places. This is 
the age of machinery, and every farmer should be 
more or less of a mechanic. 
Clean Out Stables a,.d Darns and leave no cob- 
webs. If you are a slovenly man and do not know 
how to " tidy up," get your wife to show you how. 
Push things the coming season. Times will be 
better. Produce will be higher. Raise all you can 
and get ready for the work now. Be hopeful, en- 
ergetic, systematic, and industrious, and you will 
find farming pleasant and profitable. 
