122 
AMERICAN AO-RTOUETURIST. 
[Aprh,, 
Contents for April, 1874. 
Agriculture, French 139 
Barn Yard, Plan of a 5 Illustrations. . 138 
Bee Notes tor April 129 
Boys and Girls 1 Columns — Some "Very Wonderful 
Plants "A Stiangc Bird— Aunt Sue's Puzzle-Box 
— A Corresponding Society — First Lesson in Row- 
ing — Writing for the Paper 5 Illustrations. .147. 148 
P.allis, Seeds, etc.. Treatment of Tropical 1 1-3 
Catalogues Received 129 
Cheese Factory, Hon' to Start a 12 Illustrations. . 137 
Concrete Building 2 Illustrations. 13(1 
Farmers 1 Clubs 140 
Farm, Laying out a Western Illustrated.. 139 
Flower Garden and Lawn for April 121 
Flowers, Pnininiond's Phlox Illustrated . 141 
Fruit Garden tor April 123 
Greenhouse ailU Cellar, Combined Illustrated. .141 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for April 124 
Horse Power, How to Load a 3 Illustrations.. 135 
Household Department — About Earth Closets — What 
shall we have for Breakfast ? — Home Topics 
3 Illustrations . .145, 140 
John Johnston Illustrated. . 130 
Kitchen Garden for April. 123 
Lamb, Spring Management of Illustrated. . 133 
Leather. How it is Tanned 7 Illustrations. .139 
Market Report for April 124 
Milk, Varieties of 3 Illustrations.. 138 
Ogden Farm Papers. No. 50— Dairy, Coloring Butter — 
Cooking Food for Slock 130, 132 
Orchard and Nursery for April 123 
Plants, Clematis 142 
Plants, Forced 143 
Plants, Rock Tunica Illustrated. . 144 
Plows, An Improvement in 2 Illustrations.. 132 
Sheep, Oxford Down Illustrated.. 133 
Shrub, A California '. Illustrated.. 144 
Tobacco, Cultivation of. 139 
Tomatoes, Experience with 143 
Trees— Planting upon Highways 129 
Walks and Talks on the Farm. No. 124 — Oats and 
Peas — Mustard — Apple Orchard — Northern Spies — 
Market Report in Loudon— Petroleum— Pi_s— Corn 
—Oil Cake and Peas— Potato Prizes 134,135 
Work, Hints About 122 
Yucca and lis Uses 143 
INDEX TO "BASKET," OK SnORTER ARTICLES. 
Am. Turf Register and 
Racing Calendar ' 
Arbor Dav in Iowa 
Ashes for Peach Trees.. 
Bed-bugs 
Blackberry, Snyder... . 
BookNotie.es 
Book on Horses 
Bromopbyte 
Buckwh'-at 
Cabbage Plants 
Cellar' Wall. Frost Dis- 
turbing 127 
Cbromo. Pnrdy's 127 
Cttromos, Varnishing — 128 
Chromo, Vick's 
Close Breeding 
Colt, How to Feed a.. 
Colonies, Government 
Help for iS 
Compost, Heat for a 12' 
Congress, Watch 12: 
Corn and Bran, Value of. 126 
Corn, Sanford 127 
Dairy Business in the 
West 128 
dairymen's Association, 
North-West. an 127 
Dishcloth, Iron 128 
Dog Power 127 
■ Bleagnus parvifolius 127 
Exhibition in chili 12li 
Fields, Impr'g Southern. 12S 
Gardeners' Monthly 127 
.121 
.12(1 
.128 
Hay Fork, The Best 12S 
Hoof. Contraction in 127 
Humbugs, Horticultural. 128 
Hnmbngs, Sundry 125 
Lands. Neb. and Minn.. .126 
Landscape Gardener 126 
Lucern 12S 
Mill. Howard 120 
Name, Your 127 
Night Soil, Utilizing.... 128 
Oats, now many Bundles 
to an Acre 127 
Oils, Sare 127 
Paint. Averill Chemical. .125 
Patented Articles 127 
Patrons of Husbandry. .123 
Peristrophe 120 
Petroleum tor Priming.. 129 
Play and Profit in toy 
Garden '.120 
Posts, Preserving 127 
Poultry Book 127 
Prairie, Breaking 137 
Primula Japoniea 12S 
Replies, Delay in 127 
Roofing, Asbestos 120 
Roses. Insects on 138 
Strawberries 12S 
Soap and Glue Refuse. ..128 
Tallow Scraps 127 
Transactions of Mass. 
Hurt. Society 12fi 
Wheat, Harrowing l&S 
Wheat, Plaster upon 127 
Oranges from Seed. — Some time ago we 
stated, in reply to a correspondent, that oranges from 
the seed would not be precisely like the parent fruit from 
which the seed was taken. Several correspondents in 
Florida wrote that this was a mistake, and that the fruit 
waB reproduced with exactness. We now find our posi- 
tion sustained by the Florida Agriculturist. While seeds 
from the sweet orange will produce treeB bearing sweet 
fruit, they will differ in other qualities, including pro- 
ductiveness, and the only sure way of perpetuating a 
variety and preserving every one of its qualities and pe- 
culiarities unchanged is by budding or grafting. 
n<>s ;<"•<'■"- Bone-Mill.— "Englishman," 
Lynchburg, Va. The Bogardus bone-mill, to which we 
have before referred as the best bone-mill, may be pro- 
cured of A. Bogardus & Co., Center street, New York. 
Calendar for April. 
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A M E It 1 1! A K A G It H II L T U It I S T. 
NEW YORK, APRIL, 1874. 
We have bad a remarkably mild winter, and the 
indications now are that wc shall have an early 
spring. Winter wheat, on our own farm, and we be- 
lieve it is so generally, never looked better. It is, 
of course, still liable to many drawbacks, but on 
the whole there is a good prospect of an abundant 
wheat harvest. Wc hope such will prove to be the 
case. The country needs a big wheat crop and 
liberal prices. We hope for both the present year. 
There is a cheerful prospect for all good fanners. 
We have had gloomy times. Tt lias required strong 
faith to keep on improving the land, paying high 
wages, and getting low prices. But those who 
have now got their laud dry, clean, and rich are in 
a condition to reap the reward of their faith and 
practice. This is the great lesson taught by all 
agricultural history and experience. Do the work 
as cheaply and economically as possible, but do it, 
and do it thoroughly. Slip-shod farming ; resorting 
to temporary expedients ; chicking weeds, instead 
of killing them ; sowing when there is no reason- 
able prospect of getting a good crop, and doing 
this year after year is about the meanest business 
an intelligent man can engage iu. Farming is a 
pleasant, profitable, honorable, and eminently use- 
ful occupation — but it must be good farming. 
Poor farming, with no efforts to improve the laud 
and the stock is forlorn drudgery. 
Farming is essentially slow. The husbandman 
waiteth patiently. He must look ahead. He lays 
plans aud does work for the future. Aud the better 
he plans and the more he works and the farther he 
looks ahead, the more pleasure will he have day by 
day and the greater will be his ultimate profit. 
Hints aliont Work. 
Happy is the farmer who has got everything 
ready for the active labors of the coming season. 
But no matter how thoroughly he is prepared there 
will always be a plenty to do. 
Work makes work. — Something will break and has 
to be mended. Something will be lost aud has to 
be found. Tools arc scattered here aud there and 
must be put in their places. 
System and Order arc absolutely essential to suc- 
cess iu fanning. But work is no less essential. 
Whatever accomplishes the most work at the least 
cost is the best system. 
" Come Buys," must be the motto of the farmer 
who employs much labor. He must be with his 
men. But unless he is a remarkably vigorous and 
healthy man he ought not to try to do as much 
work as his men and superintend his farm besides. 
Work occasionally, and put new vigor into the men. 
Show them how to do the work to the best ad- 
vantage. Plan, direct, be quick to 6ee the weak 
spot and prompt to lend a helping hand. 
Steady Work like plowing will almost do itself. 
It is the odd jobs that require brains. You must 
do the thinking. 
A good Bay will often do a6 much work as a man. 
lint yon must know how to treat him in order to 
make him useful. Give him the best tools, the. 
best plow, the steadiest team and the newest 
harness. If be breaks anything do not scold, but 
help him to repair damages and encourage bim to 
do better. Above all do not let the men impose on 
him. If you breakfast early, a growing boy that is 
at work in the field should have a lunch at half- 
past nine or ten o'clock. No one can work long 
without eating, especially a growing boy. 
Rainy Days are usually numerous this month. 
But you will find work enough that needs doing in 
the cellar or in the sheds or barns. 
A Cheap Memorandum Book in which you can 
note down work to be done, is of great advantage — 
provided you use it. 
Work to be done may be classified under three 
heads. First, Work for rainy days ; Second, Work 
for fair days when the ground is too wet to plow ; 
Third, Regular farm work when the weather and 
land are both dry. 
Under Rainy Days would come such work as 
repairs, oiling harness, sorting potatoes, and cut- 
ting them for seed ; mixing ashes, plaster, and 
hen droppings ; whitewashing ; cleaning and oiling 
implements and machines with petroleum, both 
wood-work and iron ; grinding spades, hoes, axes, 
etc. ; cutting up hay, and a dozen other things that 
will readily occur. 
Under When the Ground is Wet comes underdraw- 
ing; cleaning out ditches, letting off surface 
water; repairing fences and gates; piling, turning, 
or spreading manure ; washing fruit-trees with lye 
or carbolic 6oap ; scraping up the mud and scat- 
tered manure in the barn-yard ; blasting large 
stones, etc., etc. The morning after the next heavy 
rain, fill up the list yourself. You will find it 
very useful. 
Under Regular Work include the general field 
work of the farm, such as plowing, harrowing, cul- 
tivating, rolling, drilling, picking off stones, haul- 
ing manure, etc., etc. Go into details. Make 
estimates of how long the work will take, and 6ee 
that you have everything ready for emergencies. 
Sowing Glover on winter wheat is usually done 
before the frost is fairly out of the ground. If de- 
layed till the land is dry, harrow the wheat with a 
light harrow before sowing the clover and then 
harrow or roll afterwards. Six quarts of clover and 
four of timothy per acre is none too much seed. 
If possible select a still day for sowing. See that 
there is no space left unsown. 
Qet Crops in Early, but not before the land is in 
good working condition. 
Spring Wheat is usually the first crop sown. 
Barley can not be sown too early, provided the 
land is in the proper condition. It should be made 
as fine and mellow as possible. Sow from li to 21 
bushels per acre. Barley and spriug wheat are both 
good crops with which to sow clover and grass seed. 
Make the land as fine as possible by repeated 
harrowings before sowing, and then roll after the 
grass seed is sown. 
Oats or I\as do better on a recently inverted sod 
than barley. But if the sod is old and tough it is 
better to plant it to corn. 
Jbtatoes require dry land. A rich, clover sod is 
excellent. But if the land is rich enough potatoes 
can be successfully grown after any crop. H 
