102 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[June, 
Contents for June, 1874. 
A Primitive Mill , Illustrated. . 201 
Boc Notes— Advice to Beginners 810 
Boys and Girls' Columns— Street Toy, The Magic 
Tape— He has a Strong Passion— Beautiful Charity 
—Games for Picnics— Old Fireplaces— Neat Puzzlj 
—Aunt Sue's Puzzle-Box— Origin of an English 
Word— Goats— Au Apology— Sunrise 4 Illustra- 
tions 227, 22S 
Butter, Fraudulent 217 
Cora-Ears, Unloading 3 Illustrations . .210 
Corn-Marker , Illustrated. .210 
Ducks, Raising 218 
Ducks, Some Wild 4 Illustrations. 213 
Evergreens from Seed 223 
Farm-IIou-e, a Convenient 3 Illustrations. ,217 
Farm Work for June 202 
Feed, Consumption of 217 
Fence, a Portable Illustrated.. 911 
Flower Garden and Lawn in June 204 
Fruit Garden in June 203 
Fruit Prospects, Western 209 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in June 204 
Guano and Woolen Waste 218 
Harrow, a New Illustrated. .217 
Hens, How to Manage Sittiug 219 
Hook for Sideboards Illustrated .218 
Household Department for June— Farm Bath-Houscs 
—Home Topics— Wet Boots— Wants to Suit George 
—Washing Milk Dishes— Tea-Cakes— Baked Apple- 
Dumplings 4 Illustrations. .825, 226 
Kitchen Garden in June 203 
Mackerel and How they are Caught Illustrated . .220 
Market Gardener and Florist — Can one he Both ? 223 
Market Reports 204 
My Garden Mistakes in 1S73 223 
Ogden Farm Papers. No. 52— Am. Jersey Cattle Club and 
its Prizes— Jersey and Alderney— Edward Burnett's 
Farm— E. F. Bowclitch's Farm— Preventing Cows 
from Kicking — Green Clover for Soiling 210, 212 
Orchard and Nursery in June 203 
Plants— Improved Mignonette 222 
Plants— Succulents as Decorative 3 Illustrations. . 221 
Plants — Primula Japonica Illustrated.. 224 
Plows, Swivel Illustrated . . 212 
Poultry Farming Illustrated . .216 
Root Pulpers Illustrated.. 218 
Skunks, How to Kill 219 
Steam on the Farm 2 Illustrations.. 212 
Slocks for Peach-Trees 222 
Three Crops in One Tear 224 
Tiles, Making Drain 2 Illustrations. .215 
Timber Culture Act 219 
Trap for Cut- Worms Illustrated . . 223 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 120— Early Lambs 
—Calves— Manure— Sheep— Pigs 214, 215 
West, When and How to Go 215 
Wheat Culture, Future Prospects of 219 
INDEX TO "BASKET," OR SnORTEU ARTICLES. 
Advice. No More 205'Mr. Orange Judd 205 
Axles, Iron orWood 20SlMolc Plow 20S 
Avrsliircs for Beef 20SMost Profitable Stock. . .207 
Baling Hay 207, 20S,Mule Breeding 207 
" Beautiful Moral but Bad |New Timber Act 208 
Botany" 209 Old Hav 208 
Best Sheep 208 Paris Green 209 
Big Head 207 Patent Batter Firkin... 20S 
Breast-strap or Collar 20S Pea, Japan 205 
Butchers' Offal 20S, Pigs and Pork 207 
Cabbage Worms 205 Potatoes, New and Old.. 209 
Calf, How to Secure a. . .209 Potatoes, Productions of.206 
Catalogues Received 209,Poultrv Houses, Under- 
Chicken Cholera. . . .207, 208! ground .. . 206 
Clematis from Seed ..209 Poultry, Preparing for 
Contracted Hoof 307 Market 204 
Cornstalks, Curing 209 Poultry Raising 207 
Cotswold or Leicester... 207 Roof for Cellar 208 
Diarrhea in Calves 207 Sale of Horse Stock 207 
Dipping for Scab 207 Salt, How to Feed 209 
Ditching Machine 209 Sawdust as a Mulch 205 
Drill. Planet 206 Scales, Farm 206 
Ear-Mark Metallic 208 Scotch Plows 208 
Feed Ban -w 208 Selecting Eggs 208 
Foot rot 207 Sheep for Health 207 
Fruit House 208 Shipping Eggs 208 
Fruit Prospects. Western. 209 Shoes, Cable Screw Wire. 205 
Fumigating Meat House. 208;Spelt 200 
Galloway Cattle 207 Steamer for Feed 208 
Gardener's Monthly. - .. .200 
Gazetteer of the U. S .... 205 
Grade Jerseys ..207 
Guano. Peruvian 209 
Hens, Not laying 209 
Hog Cholera 207 
Hogs, Poland-China 206 
Homesteads 200 
Horse Power 208 
Kansas, Population and 
Industries of. 209 
Lawn Mower, Excelsior 
Calendar for June. 
Looseness. Remedy for.. 205 Well 
Male and Heifer Calves. .207:Wool-Bearing Gnats. 
Meal, Wet or Dry 208 Yearling Jersey Bull. 
Merino Sheep 20SYouug and Elliott. . 
Stones, To Get Rid of. ...208 
Straw-Saving Thresher. .208 
Sundry Humbugs 205 
Tar-Paper for Poultry 
nousc 208 
Three-Horse Clevis 208 
Three Horses Abreast. ..207 
Timber Sycamore 206 
Tomatoes Dying. 209 
Turnips. Late Crop 209 
Turpentine and Crows. ..207 
Vick's Premiums 205 
.208 
.207 
.207 
.206 
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Indiana, and 
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7 25 
7 26 
4 30 7 20 
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4 2fl|7 27 
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PHASES OF THE MOON. 
3d Quart. 
New M'n 
lit Quart 
Full M'n 
BOSTON. 
X. YORK. 
WASII'U. 
cha'ston 
CHICAGO. 
H. M. 
U. SI. 
u. SI. 
II. St. 
II. SI. 
8 34 ni. 
S 22 m. 
S 10 m. 
7 5S m. 
7 28 m. 
2 8 m. 
1 56 m. 
1 44 111. 
1 32 111. 
1 2 m. 
3 16 ev. 
3 4 ev. 
2 52 ev. 
1 40 ev. 
2 10 ev. 
2 4ev. 
1 52 ev. 
1 40 ev. 
1 2S ev. 
51 ev. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JUNE, 1874. 
Every spring furnishes renewed evidence of the 
advantage of underdraining, and also, on many 
soils, of fall plowing. On our own farm we were 
able to sow oats and peas April 21st on sod plowed 
this spring. Barley we sowed April 35th. This is 
late sowing, but it is the best we could do, and if 
the laud had not been underdrained it could not 
have been plowed and sowed for a week or ten 
days later. This often makes the difference between 
a good and a poor crop. We have had an unusually 
cold and backward spring. Winter wheat was 
much injured by freezing weather and cold winds 
in March and April. On wet land it has been badly 
winter-killed— or, more correctly, spring-killed. 
On many farms in our own vicinity not a f iutow was 
plowed until the first of May. Farmers who can 
raise r good crops this year will probably have no 
reason to regret the time and money they have 
spent in draiuing, cleaning, and enriching their 
farms or in improving their stock. 
We hope and believe that we shall see no more 
25-cent corn for some years. We shall hear little 
about "oyer production." The railroad magnates 
will learn that farmers will not long continue to 
raise crops and sell them at a loss. And farmers 
will learn that it is better to sell their hay aud 
grain in the form of beef, pork, mutton, cheese, 
butter, and wool than to transport it long distances 
to market in the raw state. Clean land, larger 
crops per acre, better breeds of stock, and more 
liberal feeding are the fundamental planks in the 
American Agriculturist's platform. Here we haye 
stood for years and here we now stand. We wish 
every farmer in the United States to join our party. 
Hints a1»ont Work. 
The Season is Late, and much land intended for 
spring grains has not been sown. 
Corn may still be Planted.— The small, early, 
northern varieties are the best for late planting. 
Put in all the Crops you can take good care of. 
They are likely to be wanted. 
Corn Planted by Hand may be soaked in warm, 
soft water for twenty-four to thirty-six hours. If 
the land is moist, mellow, aud warm, it will soon 
germinate aud grow rapidly. 
Pour the Soaked Corn aud water on to a sieve, and 
after the water has drained off spread it out to dry 
for an hour or two, and then dust it over with plas- 
ter and stir it with the hand until every kernel is 
coated with plaster. This will not only make it 
easier to separate in dropping, but it will help the 
growth of the young plants. We have dropped 
soaked corn with a drill, but it is, of course, neces- 
sary to calculate for the increased size of the corn, 
aud also to sec that there is no clogging or crushing 
of the grain. 
Corn for Fodder may be sowu any time this 
month. You must have rich, dry, clean, and mel- 
low laud. If it can be avoided, never sow broad- 
cast. Drill or drop in rows 2}.< to 3 feet apart, so 
that you can use a horse hoe to clean and mellow 
the land. Use plenty of seed, say from six to eight 
kernels to each foot iu the row. 
Beans are usually drilled or dropped in rows 2>£ 
feet apart. If dropped in hills a foot apart in the 
rows, put from four to six beans in each hill. This 
plan facilitates hoeing and pulling. If drilled in a 
continuous row use a little more seed, say eight or 
ten beans in a foot. Go over the field after the 
drill and see that all the beans are covered. 
The Depth of Planting depends very much on the 
kind of soil and on its condition. On light soil 
seed may be put in deeper than on heavy soil. At 
this season it is necessary to plant deep enough to 
reach the moist earth, say from one to three inches 
deep. 
Harrowing is rarely done as thoroughly as it 
should be. It is very important to make a fine, 
mellow seed-bed. 
Polling is also too much neglected. Roll and 
then harrow and then roll again until you have 
four or five inches of line surface soil. Such a soil 
will attract and retain moisture. 
Swedes Turnips or Ruta-bagas should be sown 
about the middle of the month or before. The soil 
should be made as fine and mellow as possible. 
Drill in rows 2}.< feet apart, using two to three 
pouuds of seed per acre. The object of such thick 
seeding is to give some of the plants a chance to 
get ahead of the so-called turnip-fly or beetle. If 
possible, drill in with the seed two or three hun- 
dred pounds of superphosphate per acre, mixed 
with three or four times its bulk of sifted coal 
ashes. Thin out the plants when in the rough leaf 
to a foot apart in the rows. Do not neglect to roll 
the land immediately after sowing. 
Mangel- Wurzel or Beets should now be ready to 
hoe. Thin out to fifteen inches apart. If it is 
necessary to transplant, he careful to dig up the 
plants with the hoe, and not pull them up out of 
the hard earth aud thus strip off the soil and fine 
roots. In hoeiug, do not cut too deep. In hoeing 
turnips, it will not hurt the plants to take away 
nearly all the soil from their roots ; but this is not 
the case with mangels. The. less the soil around 
the roots of the young plants is disturbed the 
better. Cultivate every week or ten days. Tou 
should have a narrow tooth horse hoe, so as not to 
throw the earth ou to the young plants. 
Fight the ITWs. — Eight them as you would fight 
a fire. Do not let them get beyond your control. 
Kill them while in the seed-leaf. On loose, mellow 
soil, a fine harrow, if used just as the weeds are 
breaking through the soil, will kill them by the 
million ; but if delayed a few days in warm, grow- 
ing weather it will have comparatively little effect. 
Start the Cultivator the moment you can 6ee the 
rows of corn, or potatoes, or mangels. The out- 
side teeth of the cultivator should be bright, sharp, 
and as thin as possible consistent with the neces- 
sary strength, and they should be set so as to 
throw the earth towards the center of the row. 
With a good cultivator the soil may be stirred 
within an inch of the plants, and leave little neces- 
sity for hand hoeing. 
Summer Falhnm must not be neglected. In break- 
ing up sod laud use three horses abreast, and 
turn over a good furrow. Then roll, and afterwards 
