292 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[AuWJBEf 
and Farm- Yard." He claims that this tonic 
has been found quite as effective in staying 
abortion in the afflicted dairy-regions in New 
York State, as in the instances 1 cite. I cheer- 
fully give bun due credit. 
I am always glad to have another herd than 
my own to use as an illustration of the value 
of Jersey blood in the butter dairies, and I have 
before me a statement of one year's product of 
the little herd of Mr. T. J. Hand, of Sing Sing, 
N. Y., who is now president of the American 
Jersey Cattle Club. The herd consisted of 
eight cows, viz. : one 7-yr. old, two 5-yr. olds, 
three 3-yr. olds, and two 2-yr. olds. There 
were two Ayrshires in the herd, one for four 
months, and one for three months. The time 
covered by experiment was one year. Four of 
the elder Jerseys were in the herd the whole 
year ; one 5-year old only for the last three 
months of her milking period ; one 3-year old 
for the last eight months ; one 2-year old for the 
first four-and-a-half months; and another 2-year 
old for the first five months. Three of the 
older cows caived twice within the year. The 
milk of one cow was furnished to a neighbor 
for June, July, and August. Deducting these 
three months, the herd foots up 72£ months, in- 
cluding the dry period of three cows. Deduct- 
ing (as is nsuall one-half of the time of the 
two 2-year oid3, or 4J months, we have 68 
months in all, which is equal to Jive and two- 
thirds cows for one year. The calves were fed 
with fresh milk until one month old. The milk 
and cream used in the family were estimated 
to equal a product of more than 350 1 bs. of but- 
ter, but as this is only an estimate, though I do 
not doubt its correctness, I propose to reduce 
it to one-half the amount, and call it 175 lbs. 
There were actually churned 1,617 lbs. of 
butter. Adding the 175 lbs. above, we have 
1,792, which, divided by 5f, gives over 316 lbs. 
per cow per year, besides the feeding of the 
calves. 1,404 lbs. of butter were sold for $965. 
If what was consumed by the family had been 
sold for the same price (69c. average), the whole 
product would have brought $1,206, or $213 
per cow. Sold at a low average price for but- 
ter shipped to the general market in New York, 
say 30c. net, the product would have been 
$537.60, or $95 per cow, which is fully $45 per 
cow more than the average of good dairies in 
New York State, where " native " cows are 
kept. This $45 represents the value which 
would directly accrue to a dairy farmer of the 
better class, if he used Jersey "cows instead of 
native cows. Indirectly he would have the 
farther advantage of a better quality of pro- 
duct, which would add at least 5c. per lb. to 
its value, and $15 per cow to the net income. 
Practically, any farmer, in order to realize 
the same result, would have to follow Mr 
Hand's better method of feeding, or he would 
fall short of his large result, but the result is 
due quite as much to the breed as to toe feed, 
\nd the whole example (except in the matter of 
1ce) is a perfectly easy one for any farmer to 
i ow, who can supply himself with Jersey 
co\. s. Of course the large majority of farmers 
can not do this, but $100 will buy a first-rate 
Jersey bull calf, of the best butter strains, and 
one such in a dairy neighborhood will, in a few 
generations, give such an infusion of improved 
blood, as will idd thousands of dollars to the 
permanent, wealth of the community. 
One of our experiences, which have beeD be- 
fore referred io in these paper i, it may be 
worth wUUe to report upon agar . — that is the 
manner in which we are supplied with water. 
About 1,000 feet from the milk-house, and 800 
feet from the barn, there is a well in which the 
water usually stands at a level 48 feet below 
the top of the tank in the barn, and about 35 
feet below the point at which the pipe enters 
the milk-house. The communication for the 
whole distance is by means of a wooden pipe 
(4 inches square, with a \\ inch bore). Under 
the barn a branch rises to the tank, and by 
turning a stop-coek, the water is stopped from 
its flow to the dairy, rising to the tank. When 
this is filled, the cock is opened, and the water 
passes on to the dairy, where it always flows 
when the pump is at work, which is when- 
ever the wind blows (fully three-quarters of 
the time), keeping the water always fresh and 
cool in the vat in which the milk-cans are im- 
mersed. Occasionally, in very dry weather, 
the well furnishes a scant supply, and we then 
have to use ice, but practically we are rarely 
without an abundant supply of water. 
For some years we found the wooden pipe 
troublesome, as it will occasionally spring a 
leak. When this happened, it cost nearly ten 
dollars to insert a section of lead and iron pipe. 
We finally hit upon a plan, which removed 
this objection : As the leak in a wooden pipe is 
always a split, it is only necessary to squeeze 
the pipe firmly together, and this is cheaply 
and quickly done with an iron clamp put 
around the pipe and screwed tight. This re- 
moves the only practical objection to this tub- 
ing, and enables us to use, at a cheap rate, a 
conduit of large bore. This is a great advan- 
tage, for the resistance by friction is consider- 
able in a small pipe. In a larger one, as a 
given amount of "water is delivered by a slower 
current, the friction is less, in proportion to the 
squares of the diameters, being four times less 
in a two-inch pipe than in a one-inch pipe. 
Consequently, the saving of power in a large 
pipe is very considerable. 
The motive power of the pump is a self- 
regulating windmill, and in the use of these 
we have had a varied experience. The first 
mill put up (six years ago) was an old-style 
Empire Mill. This worked very well for two 
years, then it became worn and shaky in many 
of its parts, and had frequently to be repaired 
during the following year, and was finally 
wrecked beyond the possibility of repair. This 
was followed by a new and improved style of 
the same make, but, from want of strength in 
some of its parts, this was partly wrecked in 
less than a year, and had to be repaired at con- 
siderable cost. Finally, in March last, it met 
with another accident, and had to be abandon- 
ed. Then I cast about for a mill of more 
simple construction, and concluded that the 
most perfect machine of the sort now offered 
is the United States MflL As the former mills 
had obviously had more power than was work- 
ed, being 12 feet in diameter, I decided on a 
U. S. Mill 8 feet in diameter This has now 
been running sufficiently long to prove its 
capacity to give us all the water we need, and 
more, and from my previous experience with 
self -regulating mills, and with machinery gen- 
erally, I am satisfied that the chance for per- 
manent usefulness is very good. This new mill 
cost only $100 (the previous ones cost $175 
each), and we are fairly started on our seventh 
year, with an outlay of say $500 for power. 
This is considerable, of course, but the benefit 
derived has been very great. Aside from hav- 
ing ample water for a large stock, winter and 
summer, we have fresh, cool water for the milk 
vat, without which we should be unable to 
make the uniformly good quality of butter, on. 
which much of our income depends. 
We are having a capital season for grass, and 
thus far the frequent rains have been kind 
enough to come at a time when they did more 
good to what was standing, than injury to 
what was cut. 
In detailing the operations of the farm, it 
seems proper to follow the commendable ex- 
ample of many other breeders of thorough- 
bred stock, and give an account of our sales of 
Jerseys. During the first half of the curreuc 
year we have sold as follows — partly from the 
home herd, and partly from the branch in 
Southern Illinois (where, if we get only one- 
third of our Eastern price for butter, we pay 
less than one-third the Eastern price for hay 
and pasture). Bull calves sold (less than 1 
year old) : 
M. D. Ralph, Rodman, N. Y., Belnor, No. 1,018. 
Edtrar Doolittle, Onaquaga, N. T., Callidan, No, 1,039. 
Andrew Thompson, Brushland, N. Y., Rhode Island, 
No. 1,333. 
Andrew Thompson, Brushland, N. Y.. Jesse Burnett,. 
No. 1,370. 
Chas. J. Reed, Fairfield, Iowa, Sapper, No. 1,026. 
Jos. Y. Heckler, Harleysville, Pa., Julius, No. 1,383. 
Yearling bulls : 
Dr. J. C. Gunnell, Alexandria, Va., Merry Andrew, 
No. 719. 
J. M. Brown, Portland, Me., Tag, No. 1,126. 
Heifer calves : 
Dr. N. R. Bontelle, Waterville, Me.,Fantibel,No. 2,679. 
Campbell Brown, Spring Hill, Tenn., Roxabel, No. 2.743. 
" " " " " Renelrel.No. 2,772. 
" " " " " Donora, No. 2^BS0. 
" " " " " Beleva, No. 2,677- 
Chas. J. Reed, Fairfield, Iowa, Xyridonna, No. 2,681 
" " " " Beloona, No. 2,676.. 
Geo. W. Palmer, Saltville, Va., Belvira, No. 2.771. 
Yearling and 2-year olds: 
Campbell Brown, Spring Hill, Tenn.,Duchie, No. 2,500. 
" " " " Anna Roxlmry, No. 1,803. 
G. J. Shaw, Detroit, Me., Madagascar Queen, No. 1,806. 
J. M. Cobb, Beloit, Wisconsin, Moonah, Np. 2,688. 
(The numbers refer to the entries in the Herd Register, 
of the Am. Jersey Cattle Club.) 
The 20 animals sold for $2,740, being an 
average of $137. 8 males sold for an average 
of $83.12. and 12 females for an average of 
$172.92. 
Just as I am finishing this I have a second 
letter from my correspondent, whom I had 
advised to spend no money on the testing 
" chemist." He says : " A neighbor of mine 
paid him $35 to go over his farm. If he had 
offered to go through any kind of regular 
analysis, I should have invested in him too. 
but the mouth analysis made me hesitate. He 
says he came down this way for sea air, that 
his system is full of ' pizen ' from the dirt in 
his mouth so much. He said he could not 
only tell by the taste, but he could see the dif- 
ferent constituents of the soil run different 
ways, separated in the saliva when he spit it 
out. His certificates were genuine, and from 
some of the best people in Providence. He 
has spent two days with a wealthy neighbor, 
and bagged $50 or $75 from him. What do 
you think will come next ? A man was along 
to get subscribers for a book, to tell farmers 
how to make any quantity of manure at almost 
no cost at all — price $10. He got about 50 
subscribers in this town. When the book 
came, it advised saving the sweepings of the 
house, the soot from the chimneys, and all the 
deaa things to be found round about." 
The last fact stated, makes it seem worth 
while to recount this nonsense. 
