1865.J 
AMERICAN AGBICULTURIST. 
345 
mow, to the big beam, for the hay 
and fork to slide on, and a tackle 
block placed in tlie peak of the 
barn, 6 or 8 feet from the edge of 
the mow. A second block is re- 
quired for the rope to work under 
on the barn door post, near the 
bottom, that the team may draw to 
advantage. To have another block 
at the top of the door, to be used 
when the mow is nearly full, is very 
convenient, but it is not necessary. 
"The hay should be loaded on the wagon 
with reference to the fork, and properly bound. 
The fork should be put in the hay, not in tlie 
middle, but nearest to one end of the load, at 
an angle of about 45 degrees with the wagon. 
The head, and not the teeth, should be turned 
towards the mow. Then press the teeth their 
whole length into the hay with the foot, and 
fasten the rope at the end of the handle. When 
the forkful has swung over the beam, at the 
proper time, the operator, by giving the small 
rope which he holds in his hand a jerk, will un- 
load it instantly. Those on the mow need not 
attempt to divide the forkfuls ; but by keeping 
the middle of the mow the highest, they maybe 
rolled into the comers, and wherever needed. 
It is a labor saving machine. However, I have 
sometimes employed hands who lacked in- 
genuity to work it to the best advantage." 
HutcMnson's Improved Plow. 
Good plowing is an essential part of improved 
agriculture. In order to plow well, we mustr 
have good plows. Every effort that is made 
to improve the form of the common plow is 
praiseworthy, and every real improvement is 
welcomed by every good plowman. Jethro 
Wood, who invented the cast-iron standard of 
the common plow, immortalized his name by 
an invention that we could not readily dis- 
pense with. He has been called " a whittling 
Yankee;" it is said that he brought out this grand 
improvement by whittling potatoes in the form 
of miniature plows. The world at large will 
never even know the debt of gratitude they owe 
to the inventor of the cast-iron standard. Pas- 
sing by the long list of ambitious mechanics 
and farmers, who have emulated each other's 
zeal to discover some improvement in the plow, 
we introduce to the readers of the Agriculturist 
two illustrations showing an improved plow, 
made by Mathias Hutchinson, Kings Ferry, 
Cayuga Co., N. T., an intelligent practical 
farmer and skillful mechanic. Fig. 1 repre- 
sents a land-side view, and fig. 2 a mold-board 
view of the improvement. The inven- 
tion consists in the standard and land- 
side being made iu one piece, and placed 
several inches farther back in the beam, 
than when the standard is attached to 
the mold board. The great excellence 
of this improvement consists in form- 
ing a spacious, open throat, which sel- 
dom clogs when plowing in coarse ma- 
nure and stubble. We have long de- 
sired to see a plow brought out for 
all kinds of plowing, one which would 
work equally well in sod and stubble, and 
run deep or shallow, without carrying dirt 
on the mold board. This plow we have put to 
several rigid tests and know it to be really ex- 
cellent. Prompted by a laudable ambition to 
benefit mankind, friend Hutchinson offers the 
benefits and advantages of his improvement to 
Fig. 1. — LANDSIDE VIEW. 
all who desire to make or have made plows 
upon tliis plan. He writes: "The inventor de- 
sires these iraprovemeuts to be free to all. A 
caveat was filed, and model sent to the Patent 
Office in 1855. The first plow was intended for 
deep plowing, in sward land. Five years af- 
terwards he made a plow-of-all-work, [shown in 
our illustrations,] intended to turn stubble as 
well as sward. This is not so long, spreads 
wider, and is lighter than the first pattern. The 
mold-board is constructed on the principle of 
the screw and wedge combined. The forward 
part approaches the form of the wedge, and 
rises and spreads at nearly the same angle ; but 
the greater part is a section of a screw slightly 
increasing towards the extreme wing. 
"The attachment of the standard is to the land- 
side, as represented in the engraving, which 
prevents it from 
being choked out 
of the ground by 
stubble. It is of 
light draft in pro- 
portion to the 
amount of ground 
it moves, and is 
easily guided. It 
breaks the furrow 
less than some 
plows, and car- 
ries no dirt on 
the mold board, 
even in plowing 
mucky and light ground, after being scoured 
smooth. Being long and " clipper-built," it is 
well adapted to turning a deep furrow in stiff 
clay lands. The edge, including the point, is 
nearly 20 inches long, and cuts, when new, over 
13 inches wide. This is useful in cutting off 
Canada thistle, clover, and other deep roots, 
as it lessens the draft of the plow, and assists 
in turning the furrow in sward ; it being more 
easy to cut than to tear off the bottom of the 
furrow slice, especially when full of roots." 
As friend Hutchinson has assured us that his 
aim is not to make money by this improvement, 
we are permitted to state, that a set of casting 
Cesspool and Liquid Hanure Tank. 
Many persons in the country having flowing 
water in their houses, are at a loss how to dis- 
pose to the best advantage of the waste water, 
which usually carries off all the slops and waste 
of the household. An ordinary cesspool, only 
stoned up, in a disagreeable spot, and in time 
becomes filled and useless, an evil -which is 
usually remedied by making a new one some- 
where else. This method of disposing of 
waste water involves also tlie almost total loss 
of all the fertilizing elements contained in it, a 
consideration whicli is yearly becoming of 
gi-eater importance as the difficulty of obtaining 
manures increases. To avoid these evils the 
following plan has been tried by a gentleman 
of our acquaintance with perfect success thus 
far, after more than a year of actual operation. 
His cesspool is near his house, and is of brick, 
built just like an ordinary cistern. It has a 
manhole (F) covered with a flag-stone, which 
is cemented down and covered with several 
inches of soil. The discharge from it is by a 
2J-inch lead pipe (G), the lower end of which is 
as near the centre of the cistern as possible. The 
upper end is bent down so as to form a syphon 
for about s'x inches of its length, and leads into 
a glazed pipe drain (H), cemented at the joints. 
This discharges into the bottom of a barrel 
(J) set in the ground near the centre of his 
#M%j: 
Fig. 2. — MOLD-BOARD VTEW. 
for patterns may be obtained at the expense of 
the casting, boxing and shipping, by communi- 
cating with him, by the address above given. 
We saw this plow tested in a hard, dry, stony, 
clayey soil, at a plowing match of the Cayuga 
Co. Ag'l Society. It turned a sod 13 inches wide, 
7 inches deep, and received the first prize. 
CESSPOOL. 
garden. The operation of this device is very 
simple and satisfactory. The discharge from 
the cesspool is through the lead pipe, the lower 
end of which is above any sediment, and below 
any floating substance that can clog it. Noth- 
ing is discharged till the cesspool is filled to (K) 
the highest point of the pipe, and then a steady 
stream flows until the level is brought down to 
the lowest point of the syphon. There can 
be no dribblmg stream, and therefore any 
thing that may possibly enter the pipe is car 
ried along with the flow, and the pipe and dram 
are always clean. A pump may be set in the 
cesspool by which it can be be pumped out if 
more of its contents are needed in times of 
drought than naturally overflow. Should the 
sediment ever rise so as to clog this pump, the 
manhole can be opened and the sediment dip- 
ped or pumped out, to aid which a depression (D) 
is made in the centre of the floor of the cess- 
pool. The barrel set in the ground furnishes a 
constant convenient supply for watering the 
garden or the overflow may be conducted so 
that it will greatly enrich the adjacent soil. 
Such a cistern as this will pay for itself very 
soon, if it is on the place of any man who will 
make good use of the liquid manure furnished. 
Nine out of ten of those who have small places 
and keep no stock, have poor gardens because 
it is so difficult and expensive to get good ma- 
nure. The waste of their own houses is prob- 
ably abundant for an acre or two of a garden, 
with fruit trees and lawns in addition. 
L 
