AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
FOR THE 
H'a.rm, GrarcLen, and HEoiaseliolci. 
"AORICULTITRE IS THE MOST IIEALTIIFII, MOST USEFUL, AND MOST NOBLE EMPLOYMENT OP M.VN."-Wn.nio»3». 
ORANGE JUDD, A.M., 
PUBLISHER AND PBOPHIETOH. 
OiRcc, 41 Park Row, (Times DuilcUnps.) 
ESTABLISHED IN 1842. 
Published also in German at Sl'50 a Vear. 
( 81.30 PEK ANNUM, IN ADVANCE 
j SINGLE NUMBER, 15 CENTS. 
I 4 Copies for S 5 ; 10 for 8 13 ; 30 or more, S I eacli. 
VOLUJIE XXIV— No. 9. 
NE\V-YORK, SEPTEMBER. 1865. 
NEW SERIES— No. 224. 
Entered .iccordin? to :ict of Congress in the year 18&1. by 
Oraxge Jpdd, in llie Clerk's OMce of the District Conrt of 
the Cnlted States for the Southern District of New-York. 
t^~ Other Journals are invitctl to copy desirable articles 
f.-eely. i/'each article be credited to American AgricuUttrut. 
Contents for September, 1865. 
Apiary in September 267 
Blacltberry— The Kiltalinny 2S4 
Boys and Girls' CoUunns— .\bout Gelling a Fire- 
Truthfulness of a Hero— .i Noble Example— Prob- 
lems and Puzzles— The Prisoner and Her Pets— 
The Judge's Expeiiment. or Examining Evidence 
— Tlie Inventor of the Stocking Frame— Rogues 
Outwitted— The Race 4 Illustralions. .Wi-ISi 
Breeding— In-aiid-in 279 
Buckwheat— Hints on Harvesting 275 
Bees— Burying lUustTated. .275 
Capers— About nivistratfd..1ib 
Carving— How tc do it well 266 
Cattle Disease— The Russian Murrain 267 
Cheese Exhibition at N. Y. Stale Fair 267 
Cold Grapery in September 267 
Corn Fodder— Cutting and Curing 278 
Corn — Preserving Green 286 
Corn— Wyandot Methods of Drying 2S6 
Currants — Varieties and Culture 3 ///KA-(ra(tons..281 
Doors— Self Shutting 2S6 
Editorial Correspondence Illustrated.. ZTZ 
Fairs — Hints about 274 
Fairs- National, Stale arid County 268 
Feed— Cutting for Farm Stock 274 
Flowers— Herbaceous Perennials 282 
Flowers— Preserving in Natural Form 286 
Flower Garden and Lawn in September 266 
Fruit Garden in September 266 
Gazania splendens 985 
Grapes and Grape Culture— Notes on 2S3 
Hay Caps— A new suggestion for 278 
Horse — What makes him vicious, Illustrated. 2S0 
•Garden -Kitchen in September 266 
Lily — New Japanese. Ltlium Auratum,.lUustTated. .2Sl 
Moss Roses Illustrated. .Hi 
Market Report and Commercial Notes 263 
Notes and suggestions for September 205 
Orchard and Nursery in September -*.... .266 
Pansy— Cultivation of 284 
Potatoes— When to select seed 230 
Recipes— Steam-cooked Bread— Chili Sauce— Green 
Com Pudding „ 287 
Reclaiming Waste Ground 274 
Sorghum- .\ word about 279 
Splicing — How to splice a rope and an eye.. ,4 Illus..21b 
Stacks- Building Round, (illustrated) 276 
Stacks— Why they Lean 277 
Strawberries — Notes on Culture 264 
Tim Bunker on Curing and Eating pickles 285 
Weed— Bladder Campion, Silene injiata. Illustrated. .211 
Weed — HotseNettles — SoJanum Carolinense..Illus.. .283 
Wells— Diying, Stoning, and Curbing, 3 Ulustratwns.-lZ 
Wheat— Advantages of Drilling 278 
Wheat— Why it Winter Kills ■. 278 
Wheat— Pi eparations of Soil for Winter 379 
Windows— Substitute for Glass in 286 
Yeast— Something about SS7 
INDBX TO " BASKET," OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
About Names 271 
American Institute Fair. 270 
AlialvtiCrtI Chemist 271 
Apple Blossont, Double 271 
A^hes for Fruit Trees. . .271 
Baulkv Horse. Managin«27i) 
Barn Plan Premiums . 2fi 
Book Pieniiurns. 269 
Catalogues, etc., Rec'd. .271 
Caterpillar Question 271 
Cattle. Russian Plague.. 270 
Cider Vinegar 271 
Cranberry Culture 971 
Curculio Remedy 271 
Ditching .Machines 270 
Domestic intelligence. . .269 
Efigs, Storing 270 
Fallows 270 
Garden Edgings 271 
Grama Grass 270 
Grape Trellises.Hill Side2i 1 
Glanders, Caution 2ii9 
Hair. Value as Manure. 270 
Harvests. etc . ... 269 
Hay and Straw, Chaffing.2T0 
Horse Collars 270 
Ice Houses 270 
In-ects, Killing 271 
Insects upon Insects.. ..271 
Insect Queries .. ...271 
Lime on Wheat Soils... 270 
List of Fairs 269| 
Manure. Keeping . ....270 
^leadows. Renovating.. .270 
Osier Willows 2691 
Pigeons on the Farm 270 
Plants named 27ll 
Poultry Book. NewT 269| 
Premiums, Subscribers.. 269 
Scythe Sharpening 270 
Sheep, Weight of Fieeces269 
Strawberry Plants 269 
Suliscriplion Terms 269 
Toadstools, Great Year. 271 
Tomato Seeds, Saving. 271 
Tree Peillers, Hard on. .269 
Washing Machine. Doty's269 
Wheal. Smut in !..:70 
W ho Reads Ad's 269 
Wistaria 271 
Notes and Suggestions for the Month, 
— ■ 
The month of September is one of very 
v.iried labors. AVe sow for ne.^t year's crops, 
and we reap the harvests of the present season. 
We are anxious lest frost shall pinch too soon, 
and dread too great heat and drouth, lest our 
root crops and pasturage shall suffer. September 
seals the fate of the corn crop which is, ne^t 
to hay, the most important of the iiroducts of 
the soil. A dry autumn is looked forward to by 
many; perhaps it will come, if so, it will offer 
peculiar facilities for draining, getting out 
swamp muck, and doing many other things, 
which we could not do if it were wet. 
Apples. — When animals are excluded from 
the orchard, those apples that fall this month 
should be dried, made into cider for vinegar, or 
cooked for fattening swine. In the warm 
weather of September, fruit will dry rapidly. 
It will therefore require less care than in Oc- 
tober, but the apples are not so solid and good. 
Agricultural Fairs. — Make plans not only to 
attend a fair or two, but to contribute some 
articles of utility or skill, that will add to the 
interest of the occasion. Discourage horse-racing. 
Beans. — Pull early beans as soon as the pods 
appear well matured. They should not be al- 
lowed to stand until they are dead ripe, and the 
leaves dry. Spread them on the barn floor, or 
on loose boards under shelter. They will cure 
in such places better than if piled in the field. 
Beets. — Pull up all weeds among them, and 
throw them around the plants for a mulching. 
Thin out the small ones for table use. Those 
that are to remain for winter's use, should be ten 
inches apart. They will occupy all the ground. 
Bones. — Save bones of all kinds for fertilizing 
the .soil. Instead of allowing them to disfigure 
the yard, or way-side, order every one to be 
thrown into a large box, or hogshead in the 
back yard, beyond the reach of dogs. Every 
family can collect several dollar's worth yearly. 
Carrots. — This is the month for carrots to grow. 
Run a subsoil plow twice between the rows, or 
spade the ground and dress them for the last 
time. Let no other green thing but carrot tops 
be seen. If the ground is not already rich 
enough, apply liquid manure, or fine manure 
of some kind, worked ia between the drills. 
Calves and Colts, unless they are too young, 
should be entirely separated this month from 
their dams. If grass is short, they should be 
fed green corn stalks cut fine, or fine hay, wet- 
ted up with a little meal daily, and should have 
a constant supply of fresh 'water. 
Cows. — Read .about cows in Calendar for 
August. Those that will come in shortly, and 
are already in good flesh, should be kept in 
rather poor pasture. Let farrow cows, de- 
signed for beef next winter, be dried off at 
once, but kill no more cows than can be helped. 
Braining. — Every rod of good under drain 
will in one or two seasons pay the expense of 
making it, by rendering the soil more productive. 
Where ditches are already dug, let them be fil- 
led before heavy fall rains come on and cave in 
the sides. There is no better time in all the year 
than September to drain beds of muck and peat. 
Debts. — Pay up every financial indebtedness 
as soon as returns for crops have been received, 
and do not forget the large amounts due to your 
soil for the abundant crops of the present season. 
If the soil cannot make a sight draft for ser- 
vices rendered, it will perceptibly withhold 
payment, until all such dues are canceled. 
Fodder. — Save every thing that will make feed 
for animals next winter. Mow all fence nooks 
and cure for hay. Some farmers are glad to 
dispose of their straw, if any one will remove it 
free of charge. When farmers are thrashing 
grain is the time to procure a good supply. 
Grass Seed. — There is no better lime to sow 
new or old land with grass seed, than September. 
If the ground is not in good heart, give it a thin 
top dressing, which should be harrowed in, 
and then sow the seed without harrowing. 
Granaries. — While they are empt}', give them 
thorough cleaning. Sweep out the spider webs, 
and whitewash over head, and wash the floor 
with strong soap suds, or not too strong ley, to 
kill all insects concealed in the cracks. 
Horses. — When not at work, keep in a cool 
stable during the day, rather than let them be 
tormented by flies in the field. Feed three 
times in 24 hours, no more than they eat clean. 
Haying and Stacks. — Read about stacks in 
the present number, and as haying is finished, 
see that every stack is securely topped off. 
Hogs. — Keep fattening swine in comfortably 
close quarters. Feed well and regularly with 
ground grain and cooked feed. Give a few 
handfuls of powdered charcoal, dampened, and 
sprinkled with meal. It is an excellent tonic. 
Keep the hogs and their pens clean, change their 
bedding as it becomes dirty. Where unground 
and uncooked corn is to be fed, begin as soon 
as it glazes, it is then more digestible. 
Implements. — When not in use, keep washed 
clean, the bright surfaces oiled and housed. 
Irrigation. — Prepare channels while the 
ground is dry for carrying the wash of uplands 
and highways upon meadows and pastures. 
Lay out plats for irrigation at will, where water 
may be turned on, and good drainage secured. 
