1865.J 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
873 
Fig. 3. — SNOW PLOW. 
be quite lively -with people running liere and 
there. The snow plow figured, is thus made : 
The side pieces are li inch oak or chestnut 
stuff, 13 inches wide and 4 feet long, chamfered 
off at the forward ends, so as to come together 
at an edge, when the rear ends are a little more 
than 4 feet apart. They are braced apart by a 2 x 3 
inch stud, which is mortised in. A C-inch cleat 
is nailed upon each board on the inside near the 
mortise. The horse may be attached by a clevis, 
the bolt of which goes through the edge, as 
shown, or by a chain fastened to a long bolt or 
pin run through a few inches back from the 
front edge. A board on the top answers for the 
driver to sit or stand upon, and the ropes behind 
enable him to lift the plow over bad places, 
stones, etc., to turn it on one edge, to guide it, 
or pull it back. A sort of sliare may be at- 
tached in front, as shown in figi 3, and in many 
cases will be found very useful, especially where 
the snow has been trodden somewliat, or where 
it is very moist and packs in front of the plow. 
It requires rather nice sawing or work with the 
drawing-knife to make a good job of puttingon 
this attachment It should be well nailed on, 
and it adds strength and durability to the plow. 
Water, Useful and OmamentaL 
That was a good idea of the Turk who, when 
dying, provided for the construction of a foun- 
tain, on the sides of which was carved a 
request for the prayers of all who should 
drink from it. In the town of Cazenovia, 
N. Y., a wealthy and liberal gentleman, 
has constructed drinking-troughs of gran- 
ite, on every highway leading into the 
village, for the use of horses and cattle. 
The water is brought in pine logs from 
cool springs in the neighboring hills, and 
rising into the center of stone structures 
by the road-side, pours through a copper 
pipe into the troughs below, and a cup 
chained to each provides for the wants 
of thirsty travelers. The simple inscrip- 
tion, " L. L ," carved on each fountain, 
perpetuates the memory of the benevo- 
lent Jlr. Ledyard Lincklaen.. — A friend 
in Cazenovia furnishes at our request a 
sketch of one of these fountains, which 
we have had engraved. The structure 
consists of a base, a back stone, and a 
stone containing the trough. It is about 
5 feet high, 5k feet wide, and projects 
about 4 feet. The trough is 4 inches deep, 
and the waste water flows off at the back. 
Do we make all provision as we should 
for furnishing good and abundant water for our 
homes ? Pure water is essential to the healtli of 
man and beast. Horses and cattle always prefer 
the water of springs and running streams to tlie 
" hard water " of our wells. In limestone re- 
gions, it would doubtless be healthier for man 
to drink pure rain water than that of 
wells. Cisterns can be so built as to 
filter the water through gravel and char- 
coal, and render it as pure as when 
dropping from the clouds. The amount 
of water falling on our roofs annually 
is greater than we are wont to suppose. 
A roof ten feet square will furnish sev- 
enty barrels a year. A roof thirty feet 
by forty, gives 864 barrels a year, i. e., 
more than two barrels a day for every 
;- day of the year 1 If our cisterns are 
large enough we shall never lack water. 
The labor and expense of bringing water 
from springs on hillsides is not so great as 
many imagine. In the country, ordinarily, noth- 
ing is better for this purpose than wood, which 
when well bored and properly put together and 
laid below frost, will last from ten to twenty 
years. The Water Ram, when well put up and 
managed, is a useful machine. The relative 
proportion of the 
supply and deliv- 
ery varies with 
the hight of the 
fall and the ele- 
vation to be over- 
come. As a gen- 
eral rule, one sev- 
enth part of the 
water may be 
forced to 5 times 
the hight of the 
fall. A fall of 
eighteen inches 
with supply pipe 
one inch in diam- 
eter, will raise 
water in a half inch pipe twenty feet. A fall of 
four feet from the spring will deliver three and- 
a-quarter gallons every ten minutes at the hight 
of nineteen feet above the Ram. (A minute 
description of the Hydraulic Ram, and its ope- 
ration, fully illustrated, maybe found in the No- 
vember Agriculturist, 18.58, Vol. XVIH, p. 324-5. 
Every farm yard should have, if possible, its 
penstock running day and night with pure 
with an abundance of pure water. Wooden 
water pipes are safer than lead, usually better 
than iron, and_ are generally more accessible. 
« ■ — ■ ■» I » 
The Use of the Single Pulley in Moving 
Heavy Loads. 
■ 
Farmers need a correct understanding of the 
principles of draught ; their teams are required 
to haul a great variety of articles, and it is 
liighly important to know how to economize 
tune and force most advantageously. There are 
fi'equentlj' large logs or heavy stones to he 
drawn a short distance, which cannot be moved 
with a single teanr when hitched directly to 
them, but they may be moved with compara- 
tive ease by means of a single pulley. By 
drawing upon one end of a rope, passing 
around a pulley attached to a log, as shown by 
the figure, while the other eud of the long rope 
^i'#^^V^— 
W'Whm^ 
DRINKTXO FOUNT AIX AT CAZENOVIA, N. T. 
spring water. Where springs are not within 
reach, water may be raised from wells or cis- 
terns into tanks in the upper lofts of bams or 
other buildings, by windmills or force-pumps. 
But whatever be the means employed, every 
farmstead and every house should be provided 
USE OP SINGLE PULLET. 
is made fast to a stake or tree, one horse will 
draw a log that two horses cannot move, directly. 
The reason for this is that the log will move 
only half as fast as the horse ; consequently the 
horse is exerting his force during twice as 
long a time, and so, of course exerts twice 
as much force. Now, if the pulley block be 
placed at a tree, or post, while one end of a rope 
passing through it is hitched to the log, (the 
team drawing at the other end,) the unit- 
ed force of three horses wOl probably 
not move a log that might be hauled 
by one horse, were the pulley near the 
log. The tackle in this case would not 
only be of no advantage, but a decided 
disadvantage. The team might better be 
hitched directly to the log, for when the 
pulley is fixed, the weight moves just as 
fast as the team. — There are many other 
places where a rope and a single pul- 
ley may be used to a great advantage. 
A heavy stone, that four horses could not; 
move by a straight pull, may be drawn 
from a stone quarry with ease with two 
horses, by using a rope and one pulley. 
Should a teamster get into a place with 
a heavy load, where four horses could 
not haul it out, two horses, with a pul- 
ley at the end of the wagon tongue draw- 
ing by a rope, one eud of which is 
hitched to a fence-post or stake, might 
start it with ease.' Teamsters traveling 
where their wagons are liable to sink 
in deep ruts, as is sometimes the case, 
especially in new countries, would often 
save themselves a great deal of trouble and 
much time, if they would carry with them a 
60-fathom i-inch rope, and a block to match, to 
draw out their loads in case they "mu-e." 
Many other applications of the pulley will read- 
ily suggest themselves to the reader. 
