1309.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
407 
honey to tarnish material for making it, that, as a gener- 
al tiling, it does not pay. 
How to Feed. — Bees may be fed in box -hives as fol- 
lows : Core two or three holes in the top, set on Bhallow 
dishes containing- the feed mixed with shavings or cut 
straw, to keep the bees from drowning, and cover the 
whole with a close-fitting box, so that no bees can get in 
except through the hive. In case of movable frames, 
the combs may be taken out and held at an angle of 
forty-five degrees, and the honey or syrup poured through 
a flat-bottomed tin dish with somo twenty small holes 
panelled In the bottom, into the cells. When one side 
is filled, the combs can be turned, and the process re- 
peated with the other side. 
Impurities of Cross bred Drones.— An article 
with the above heading, written by Bidwell Bros., St. Paul, 
Minn., appears in the Agriculturist for February, ]Sb7. In 
this article it is shown by reasons that seem conclusive to 
them, that the drones from a pure Italian queen, impreg- 
nated by a native drone, are inferior in color, and hence, 
by inference, in purity. Since that time, this statement 
ha- been copied by various papers, and, because undis- 
puted, taken for truth. I cannot now say that it is posi- 
tively false, but my experience is against it. I have no 
theory to offer, but the fact that in the raising of Italian 
queens I have observed that the drones from such queens 
are usually lighter colored, ought to he admitted to 
weigh something. The question has been raised, Why 
Hottest it? This would be no easy matter for anyone 
person nnder ordinary circumstances. There are few 
apiaries situated so far from all native bees as to make 
the mixing of blood impossible. The qneen will go 
three miles or more to meet the drone. Mere opinion is 
the poorest kind of proof, yet we can have nothing bet- 
ter than this, as it seems, until something more conclu- 
sive appears. So far, my experience and conclusions are 
directly opposed to those of Bidwell Bros. Will other 
Dec-keepers give theirs? 
Bee Bobbers.— John Wiirffleiu, Montgomery Co., 
Pa., wishes to know if there is any redress at law if his 
neighbors 1 bees rob his hives. Also if there is any way 
of killing the robbers without hurting his own bees. — 
There is no law that will help him. — I would not surest 
any way of killing them, hut would recommend keeping 
them strong enough to prevent robbing, which involves 
considerable knowledge with a convenient hive. 
Alsike Clover.— J. Ilildrcth. Mansfield. O., writes: 
41 1 have seen it stated that Alsike clover is good for bees, 
hay. and pasture. Will you describe it, and state its relative 
raluc for these purposes as compared with the common 
Bed Clover." — The Alsike clover seems to be a species be- 
tween the White and Red. Its leaf is of medium size, 
and the blossom larger than that of the white, and tinged 
with red ; the stem is erect or nearly so : it grows eight- 
een or twenty inches high, sending out the flower shoots 
at the axils of the leaves. I have tried it on sandy soil, 
and had it (\o well the second year, making good hay. 
But it has proved a biennial here, and I should not sow 
it in preference to the white clover for the bees. A neigh- 
bor tried it on clay loam with similar results. 
Progeny of Italians.— A correspondent writes : 
'"What I wish to know is how the progeny of a Pure 
(Italian) Queen may be distinguished from that of an im- 
pure, or rather the difference between the progeny of a 
pure queen by a pure drone, and that of a pure queen by a 
black drone. " — I know of no test of the purity of Italian 
queens better than the color of their bees, and this varies 
even with the best. Still, I count as hybrids all swarms 
that contain any bees entirely black. My experience 
teaches that of the progeny — that is, the working bees — 
of a pure queen by a black drone, not more than one- 
half will show the yellow band, the rest being colored 
like the natives. The drones from such a qneen, how- 
ever, would he pure Italian and so marked. 
Xlic Bee ITIaladj-.— Writers continue to describe 
the bee malady in Indiana and Kentucky, and would like to 
have the matter discussed. They say, " No one can give 
a satisfactory solution." It was suggested last winter 
that the cause of thi3 would be found in some poisonous 
substance collected by the bees. Distances of a similar 
kind are not unknown among other animals, and I am 
still of the opinion that this is the true solution. 
Is It Prudent to Buy Bees ?— " Would it be 
prudent for a poor man to buy Italian bees at heavy cost, 
and rnn the risk of some disease killing them all ?" 
Had he inquired if it was prudent for a poor man to 
1'iiy a cow, horse, or farm, build a house, plant a fruit 
tree, potatoes, or corn, and "run the risk*' of all that 
rai^ht thwart his plans and bring him to grief, I could 
answer as well. The man who knows what the dairy, 
the farm, or the orchard needs, what foes to meet, and 
how to meet them, and feels confident of his ability to 
do it. would be likely to succeed with either. 
So with bees. If he knows their nature and what they 
need, their instincts, and can avail himself of them— 
knows the conditions of their most vigorous activity and 
health. I have no doubt of his success in keeping bees. 
He should understand their natural history, learning it 
by observation for himself, or collecting it from authors 
on the subject. We first learn the alphabet, then spell, 
and then read. Let him get some reliable work on the 
subject, and calculate for himself the chances of success. 
Tim Bunker on Cape Cod and Cranberries. 
Mr. Editor: — Ton see, the way it happened 
was this. For years after we got back from 
down South, Mrs. Bunker was the coutentedest 
woman in all my acquaintance. She declared 
that Hookertown was the center of Connecti- 
cut, and the best place in all the world to live in. 
I should have thought more of that if she had 
seen a little more of the world. You could not 
get her out of the house for anything except to 
go to meeting, and down to Sltadtown, to see 
Sally and the grandchildren, although they in- 
sist upon writing the name of the youngest 
Sallie, which riles her every time she sees it in 
a letter. There was not a word said agin my 
holdin' of justice courts in the house, or agin 
folks coming to see my stock and improvements. 
She kept on knitting, and baking, and sew- 
ing,— so busy that I begun to think she never 
would go anywhere agin. But things come to 
slack water last fall, and she actually staid down 
to Shadtown over night, and made a few visits. 
I had hopes after this. One evening in Febru- 
ary, after reading the recipes in the Agriculturist 
until she nodded, she suddenly lifted her gold- 
bowed spectacles as if a new thought had 
struck her. Says she, "Timothy, I gues3 I'm 
about ready for another journey. Things don't 
go right in-doors any longer. I spoiled the last 
batch of bread I undertook to make, the pies 
are wretched, the soap did n't come good, and I 
narrowed the heel of your stocking too soon. 
It i3 about time I stepped out." 
"Well, where upon earth will you go to this 
time of year?" I asked, — "Cape Cod, or the 
Jerseys ?" supposing that either place was enough 
out of the world to discourage common people. 
" Cape Cod, if it will suit you just as well. 
Ton sec, Cousin Dorcas Rogers lives down 
there, and I have n't seen her since she was up 
here, ten years ngo." 
Capo Cod and Dorcas Rogers 1 This was a 
stumper. I should as soon have thought of 
going to the "White Mountains or to any other 
summer resort in midwinter. But I knew it 
wa3 no use talking when Mrs. Bunker's mind 
was made up. So I got the trunks packed, 
thinking all the while, "I guess she'll have a 
gay time before she gets back." Think of going 
down to Rockaway beach in February ! 
An old-fashioned stage-coach set us down at 
the door of Gilbert and Dorcas Rogers, about 
two miles from the railroad. It was close by 
the jiimping-off place, and a little further out 
of the world than I had ever been before. They 
tell about laud so poor that the more a man 
has of it, the worse off he is. It is no joke. 
I've seen thousands of acres of just such laud. 
I did n't see even a mullein stalk. Pitch Pine 
comes up there, undertakes to grow, and gives 
it up as a bad job. I felt bad for the Rogers 
family, and all their cousins. Says I, "Cousin 
Gilbert,,ho\v do you people live down here on 
the Cape? I haven't seen anything but stunted 
trees and herbage down here ; all }-our corn 
stubble looks blasted." 
"Wal," says Cousin Gilbert, " that is the way 
it strikes strangers generally. But we are 
about as well off as the rest of mankind. Some 
go to sea, and the balance raise cranberries." 
" You don't mean to say that cranberries 
pays anything decent?" I asked. 
" Folks 'round here think it's about the best 
business going," he replied. 
" And what is good swamp laud worth where 
you can raise them ?'' 
" Anywhere from one to three dollars a rod." 
"Don't you mean an acre?" I asked, thinking 
he had made a mistake. 
" No, I mean a rod. It sells from two to fivo 
hundred dollars an acre if everything is right 
about it; and when well stocked with vines in 
bearing condition, it is worth from a thousand 
to seventeen hundred dollars an acre." 
I opened my eyes at this, but a3 Cousin Gil- 
bert was Deacon in the church, I did not tell 
him he was talking loose. I thought so, though. 
I had noticed a good many cranberry patche3 
as I came down to the railroad, some of them 
partly covered witli water, and some all dry. 
But I supposed they were wild vines, and did 
not pay much attention to them. 
" Seventeen hundred dollars an acre !" I ex- 
claimed. " That sounds like speculation in city 
lots. If you can make your swamps worth a 
hundred dollars an acre, I should like to learn 
how. Hookertown has thousands of acres of 
just such land, that can be bought for a song." 
"Perhaps not just like it," said Gilbert, de- 
liberately. " All swamp land will not raise 
cranberries at a profit. You must have three 
things to make a first-class bog — muck, sand, 
and the cltancs to flow suddenly. Now, there 
are a great many bogs that have muck, but no 
sand or gravel near, and a still greater number 
that have these, hut are so situated that they 
cannot be flowed in a few hours. Cranberries 
will grow on almost any muck or peat swamp, 
but they will run mostly to vines, and yield 
very little fruit. The sand c'hecks the growth 
of the vines, and keeps down the weeds and 
grass. The water guards them against the 
worms and the frost." 
"What is your method of preparing a bog?" 
"Wal," said Cousin Gilbert, tipping back in 
his chair, "it is a good deal more of a job than 
you would think for. In the first place, you 
have to skin the surface ten or twelve inches 
deep, taking off the roots and sods, and making 
it as nearly level as possible, so that the water 
will readily cover it and run off. Then yon 
want to ditch the swamp in lands about four 
rods wide, so that you can drain the land in 
summer when the fruit is growing. This is 
about as necessary as flowing in winter." 
"How deep do you make your drains ?" 
"Two feet is none too much. They '11 be all 
the while filling up, and it is better to make 
thorough work while you are about it." 
"And what next?" 
" Wal, after you get the muck nicely graded, 
you spread on about four inches of sand or 
gravel. The tiling has been done down here, 
and it don't make much difference which you 
use. The gravel should be free from all surface 
soil, or dirt, as they call it, so that nothing will 
grow in it. This can be done at any time of 
year, but generally best in winter, \>y spreading 
the covering upon the ice. When the ice melts, 
the sand settles very evenly upon the bottom. 
Some spread the sand directly upon the bog 
without surfing it. But this does not generally 
work so well. The surface soil of a swamp is 
generally full of roots and seeds, which spring 
up and choke the vines. The soil, also, is too 
rich, and makes the cranberries run too mucV 
to vines. We have learned by experience that 
there is nothing like poor land for cranberries." 
" Cape Cod must be a grand place to learn 
that lesson," I said. 
"That's so. We own up on the poor land, 
