24. 4r 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[July, 
ed deep, aud only the early varieties should be sown. 
Potatoes. — The early varieties may be harvested 
this mouth, and the space filled with late cabbages, 
lettuce, or turnips. 
Rhubarb. — Do not exhaust the plants by avow- 
ing them to throw up flower stalks. Give the beds 
a thick dressing of stable manure. 
Squaslies.— Keep the plants free from weeds, and 
pinch the ends of the shoots that run too far. 
Sweet-Potatoes. — Do not allow the vines to root, 
lut move them often, aud keep down all weeds. 
Seeds. — It is usually better to procure s«cds from 
some reliable seedsman than to attempt to raise 
them. Where one grows his owu seed, preserve 
only the best plants or roots. 
Tomatoes must be kept hoed until the vines are 
too large. Place brash or a mulch of hay around 
the plants to keep the fruit from the ground. 
Destroy the green worm which is so destructive. 
Turnips. — Sow for winter use. Keep the early 
sown varieties free from weeds, and thin. 
Weeds should be killed as soon as they appear 
above the surface ; au iron rake is very effective, as 
is also a push hoe. 
Flower-Garden and E.u v» n. 
Everything in this department requires constant 
attention to ensure neatness. All tall growing 
plants must be lied to stakes or trellises, and dead 
flowers, weeds, etc., carefully removed. The lawn 
will need to be kept mowed so as t» give it a soft, 
Telvety appearance. 
Annuals sown last month may be transplanted 
from the seed-bed to the flower garden, arranging 
the taller growing ones at the back side, and the 
low ones in front. 
Carnations should be tied up t« neat stakes ; 
make layers aud cutting6. 
Dahlias growing in pots may be put out; set the 
Stake at the same time, and keep carefully tied up 
during the summer. 
Gladiolus should be tied to stakes to prevent be- 
ing broken by high winds. 
Gravel walks. — Keep clear of all weeds, and where 
the gravel has become thin apply a new coating. 
The edges of the paths must be cut with au edging- 
iron to prevent grass from growing iuto the walk. 
Propagation. — Many of the ornamental shrubs 
may be propagated from cuttings of the new 
growth, set in a light soil in a shady place. 
Rhododendrons may be preserved from injury by 
the drouth by supplying them with a good mulch. 
Perennials. — Sow the seed of these as fast as they 
lipeu iu a light, rich soil. 
Potted Plants. — Do not allow plants in pots to 
suffer from dryness ; the best way is to pllfnge the 
pots in the soil. 
Roses. — Keep the climbing varieties lied to trel- 
lises. Layers may be made from the new growth 
this month. Use sulphur for mildew. 
Verbenas and other low growing bedding plants 
ought to be pegged down so as to give a better 
show of flowers, as well as for the sake of neatness. 
Weeds. — A constant fight must be kept up with 
the weeds; never allow a weed ta grow among 
ihe flowers. 
Greenhouse aud Window Plants. 
All plants left in the greenhouse or house ought 
to be carefully watered, and during the middle of 
the day shaded. The shading in the greenhouse is 
best effected by means of whitewashing the glass, 
fiive plenty of air during warm days. 
Budding may be performed whenever the bark of 
the shrubs will lift. 
Callas. — Re-pot after flowering, and give only a 
small quanity of water. 
Earth. — Get a stock of potting earth ready for 
■winter use, and store iu a cellar or damp place to 
prevent drying. 
Potting.— All cuttings which arc rooted must be 
potted before they become drawn ; shade for a few 
days until established. 
Propagation.— Cuttings of plauts wanted for win- 
ter blooming ought to be started iu time to get 
well established before fall. 
Commercial Matters— Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care- 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist, 
show at a glance the transactions foV the mouth ending 
Jane 15, 1871, aud for the corresponding month last year. 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TDK NEW-YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wteat. Corn. Hue. Barley. Outs. 
27davsl7/is nrtli.2il.00l) 3.1 r.1.000 8,816,000 87,1)00 41.000 1,1:3.000 
25days/«s<ln'Ui.2!5,OO0 875,000 (304.000 20,01)0 129,000 147,000 
Sat.es. Flour. Wheal. Corn. Tliie. Barleu. Outs. 
27davst)/isuTlli.247,000 2,745,000 2,933,000 65,000 23.000 1,150,0110 
25days<iM(iu'tli.254,000 1,517,000 1,231,000 31,000 210,000 908,000 
3. Comparison with same period at this time last year 
Hroripts. 
87 days 1851., 
25 days 1S70. 
Rales. 
27 days 187 
Flour Wlieat. Corn. Bt/e Barley. Oats. 
..271.000 3,151,000 2,810,000 Bi.000 41,041 1,413,000 
.301,000 2,389,000 004,000 203,000 201,000 817,000 
Flour. 
.217,000 
Wlieat Corn. Hue. Barley. Oats. 
2.745,000 2.933.000 C3.OO0 23.000 1,156,000 
25 days 18i0:.. 207,000 2,955,500 1,137,000 78,00) 40,000 1,228,000 
3. Exports from New York. Jan. 1 to June 15 : 
Flour 
1871 871,000 
1870 ..727 ,007 
1809 420,294 
1868 403,556 
Whftt. 
0.153.7)! 
5,4)55.28! 
3,802,539 
2,580,305 
Corn. Rue. Barleu. 
3,200,6:18 31,919 78,843 
131,519 36,516 
1,328.809 
3,559,097 153,093 
Oals. 
14,550 
9,375 
40,401 
311,008 
Stock of grain in store at New York. 
1S71. 
June 12. 
May 9.... 
April 10.. 
March 13 
Fell. 13.. 
Jan. 16... 
1870. 
Dec. 15.. 
Nov. 9.. 
Oct, 10.. 
Sept. 12.. 
Auz. 8... 
Julvll... 
Juue 7.. 
Wheat, 
hush. 
230.350 
.... 283.700 
.... 811,871 
...1,528,785 
. . . .2.203.677 
3,685,116 
3,000,763 
2,092,900 
1,809,921 
1,387,487 
1,438.876 
1,251,913 
706.478 
Corn, Rye, Barley 
bush, bush. bush. 
292,183 114,753 8,480 
250.215 160,734 50.725 
180,947 150,964 164.393 
204,388 150.514 329.319 1,133.897 
311.471 143,108 481.803 1,409,995 
272,618 157,730 554,491 1,736,936 
Oats, 
bush. 
S34.459 
370.220 
700.303 
Malt, 
bush. 
142,572 
171.933 
171 897 
218;251 
215,121 
216,394 
208,319 14S.069 500,397 2.0a5.137 231,129 
300,000 116.800 400.100 2,125,000 
476,544 53,391 181.805 1 ,07 9,658 237.453 
701,591 50,800 107,174 1,053,079 130,881 
559.973 25.437 106,101 691,766 119,046 
483,540 28.SI6 93,600 655,068 109,473 
69,845 21,891 91,630 488,143 108,775 
5. Receipts at head of tide-water at Albany each sea- 
son to June nth : 
Flour. Wt'eat. Corn. Kite. Barley. Oats. 
bbls. bush. bash. bush. bush. bush. 
1371 48,500 2,511,500 2,093,800 38,200 29.700 593,500 
1870 33.100 1,900.600 127,700 41,200 78,900 38!,5o0 
1869 28,500 1,531,000 718,000 121.400 11.800 510.000 
1868 65,700 3,6^4,900 3,297.400 149,200 326.300 1,504.8:0 
1867 17,100 21,700 592,100 28,000 28,200 276,501 
1866 31,200 817,200 2,090,700 64,300 41,700 895,700 
1S0S 94,100 517,900 731,800 51,000 114,300 1,944,300 
Current Wholesale Pricks. 
May 15. Jane i 
Prick or Gold 111% 113JS 
Flour— Super to Extra State 5 40 ® 7 00 $5 50 to 7 00 
Super to Extra Southern.. . . 5 65 ® 9 75 6 75 ©10 25 
Extra Western 6 00 ® 9 75 6 20 ©111 25 
Extra Genesee 7 00 @ 8 75 7 10 @ 8 75 
Superfine Western 5 40 © 5 90 5 43 ® 6 00 
P.YB Flour 4 20 @ 6 10 4 20 @ 6 10 
Coi:n-Meal. 8 25 © 4 20 S 25 © 4 20 
Wheat— All kinds or White.. 1 60 © 1 90 1 60 © 1 85 
All kinds ol lied and Amber. 1 B2>j a 1 62 1 45 ® 1 65 
CotlN-rellow 81 ® 83 76 @ 78 
Mixerf . 79 @ 82 69 ® 70 
Oats -Western 65 ® 70 65 ® 70 
State 67X® 69 66^@ 6V4 
IIVK 105 ® 1 21 1 02K® 1 15 
Barley 75 © 1 20 Nominal. 
Hay— Hale * 100 Bs 1 00 ® 1 45 1 00 ® 1 40 
Straw, * ion Bis SO @ 1 65 85 ® 1 95 
Cotton— Middlings, in B. .... 15!i@ V>% 20M@ 20% 
Hops— Crop or 1870, in lb 6 @ 12 7 ® 13 
Feathers— Live Geese, $1 ft. 65 @ 75 65 @ 75 
SEED-Clover, if lb 9si@ 9& 10 ® 1054 
Timothy, if bushel 3 50 © 4 00 3 50 ® 4 00 
Flax, ft bushel 2 12Vj3i 2 20 2 30 ® 2 45 
Sugar— Brown, *n> 8^® 10^ 8%® W% 
Molasses. Cuba. Veal. ... 20 @ 45 20 a 45 
Coffee— Kio, (Gold, In bond) 10 @ 13X 10 ® 13>£ 
Toracco, Kentucky, &c„ iOB>. 5K'at 11 6 @ 12 
Seed Leal. V B> 13 ® 70 12 @ 70 
Wool— Domestic Fleece,?) B>. 47 @ 57 49 @ 60 
Domestic, pulled, in B, 28 @ 52 33 ® 53 
California, unwashed, 20 ® 38 23 @ SO 
Tallow, if) lb 8,w@ 9 8X® 9>< 
Oil-Cakk— * ton .3950 ©42 50 89 00 ®41 00 
Pork— Mess, * barrel 17 00 @ 17 25 15 50 @15 75 
Prime, if barrel 14 00 ©15 00 12 75 ©13 30 
Bref— Plain mess 10 00 (5,15 00 8 00 ®14 00 
Laro, in ties. & barrels, iH B.. 10tf® 11H 9X® 11% 
Butter— Stote, if) lb 12 @ 35 12 ® 30 
Western. * B. 10 @ 2S 10 ® 23 
Cheese. 8 ® 15 5 ® 12% 
Beans— V bushel 75 © 3 10 135 @ i 40 
Peas— Canada, tree, * bu.... 1 40 @ 1 45 — © — 
Eggs— Fresh* dozen 15 ©17 16 ® 19 
Poultry— Live Fowls 16 @ 17 16 © 18 
Tin kevs. dressed, * B> 16 ® 17 16 @ 18 
Geese,*lpair. — ® — 1 50 @ 2 00 
Ducks, if) pair 1 00 ® 1 25 75 @ 1 00 
Potatoes, *' bbl 3 00 ® 5 50 3 00 ® 7 00 
Sweet Potatoes, * bbl 4 00 @ 5 00 — ® — 
Turnips— * bbl 75 @ 1 25 — @ — 
CAnnAQES-*bbl — @ — 1 75 @ 2 00 
Onions— if) bbl.. — ® — — @ — 
Ckanberrirs-K> bbl 8 00 @ 00 — @ — 
Broom-corn— 1S)b> 4 @ 8 4 ® 8 
Apples—* barrel 1 25 @ 4 75 4 00 ® 9 00 
Strawberries, * quart — @ — 15 @ 25 
The Gold market has been more active, siuce our last, 
and the price has been advanced to 113, closing June 15, 
at 112*3', as against 111JJ on May 15... The supplies of 
BrenclstnfTs have been more liberal, and though the de- 
mand has been good, particularly for Wheat and Corn 
for export, prices have been variable, closing, as a rule, 
in favor of buyers. The foreign advices, which bad been 
of an encouraging tenor, were rather against the export 
movement toward the end ol" the month under review. 
The decline in ocean freights, however, served to check 
the depressing influence of the Inter Liverpool reports. 
The grain coming to market by Canal is arriving in unu- 
sually good order, and the bulk of it is in merchantable 
condition — The Cotton market has been active, excited, 
and higher, under speculative operations, based mainly 
on the assumption that the next crop would be a short 
one. The final dealings indicated less confidence in this 
theory, and Icbs buoyancy in values The Provision 
markets have been less active, and prices have been 
quoted lower and unsettled, particularly for hog products. 
— There has been a good inquiry for Wool at firmer 
rates, on a limited offering of desirable samples To- 
bacco, Hops, Uay, aud Naval Stores, have attracted more 
attention. 
New-York L,ive-Slock Markets. 
Beeves. Cows. Calves. Sheep. Swine. Tot'l. 
.. 6.986 100 4.014 21.9:8 20,151 53,815 
.. 6.744 68 3,239 18.478 17.556 46.121 
.. 7,172 59 5,008 14,086 18,891 45,210 
6,215 65 3.373 24.650 26.002 60.365 
WEEK ENDING. 
May 22d 
May 29th 
June 5th 
June 12th. 
Total int Weeks.. ..27,117 358 15.634 79.206 83,200 2055!1 
So.forpreo. 5 Weeks 34,957 361 21,298 83,686 77,241217,54,2 
Beeves. Cows. Calves. Sheep. Swine. 
Average per Week 6,779 84 3,908 19,861 20SOO 
do. do. la.it Month 6,991 72 4,259 16,737 15448 
de. do. prev's Month.... 6,249 86 1,765 19,490 12 977 
Average per Week, 1870. 6.817 97 2,240 28,151 17'l08 
Average per Week, ism. 6,275 92 1,752 28.S36 15,348 
do. do. do. 1863 5,733 105 1,588 27.182 18,809 
do. do. do. 1867. 5.544 64 1,320 22,154 80,605 
do. do. do. 1S60. 5,713 94 1,200 20.000 13,000 
do. do. do. 1S65. 5.255 118 1.500 16.091 11.928 
Total in 1809 .320.380 4.8!7 91,083 1,409,509 795.190 
Total in 1568 295.128 5.466 82.571 1,413,479 975.061 
Total in 1867 293.832 3.369 69.911 1.174.154 1,102.643 
Tot.ol in I860 208.880 4,885 62.420 1,010,000 672.000 
Total in 1805 270.271 6,161 71.991 836.733 573.190 
Total in 1801 267,609 7,603 75,621 782.462 660,271 
Ileef Cattle.— The supply of cattle is large, and re- 
ports show that there is a heavy stock still pressing for- 
ward. Trade was somewhat unsettled during the month 
just ended, prices falling off lc. per lb. one week, with a 
heavy run, and recovering a like amount the next week, 
closing a little lower than it opened four weeks ago. 
Texas has not given us many grass cattle, but they are 
liable to come forward any moment. One or two lots of 
cattle came through in stock Palace cars, but they did 
not show enough better to warrant the extra expense. 
There is probably some experimenting yet to be done 
before these cars will be looked upon with favor. As yet 
there are no indications of a general reduction of cattle 
freights, but a few of the leading shippers doubtless 
obtain drawbacks. 
Below we give the range of prices, average price, and 
figures at which large lots were sold : 
May 2i(l, ranged 11 ©14c. Large sales 12@13Kc. Av. 12*^ 
do. I2@13"c. do. 128 
do. 11@12 c. do. 11% 
do. 12®13 c.do. 12% 
ftlilcli Cows. — These have been offered more freely, 
and after a dull month, there is a little improvement at 
the close, helped by an advance in beef, which enables 
the milkmen to sell their fat, dry cows to advantage. 
Some miserably poor cows arc being sent to market, aud 
sold at $40@J45 each, with ordinary to fair milkers at 
$o5@$05, and good to extras at $75@$00 Calves.— 
The offerings are still quite free, but not so large as in 
May. They dragged heavily for a week or two, after 
last report, fat veals selling at 7!4@Sc. Now they are 
doing better. Butter-milk and grass calves are worth 
5;4@6c, thin milk veals, 6H@,lHc, good to choice, 8@ 
9!4c. A lot of 33 State calves, 142 lbs., just sold at Sc., 
with a pen of 204 lbs. at 9c Slice p and Lambs.— 
Receipts are larger, the greatest increase being in 
lambs. These have declined 2@3c. per lb., poor Southern 
and Western selling at 9@llc, fair to prime State and 
Jersey, lli,4@121/£c., with a few extras at 13c. Sheep 
have been running down quite gradually, but close firm 
at iH®5%c. for poor to medium, and &@0i4c. for good 
to prime, some choico lots selling at 63£C. Most of the 
sheep are now coming from Ohio, and 111., with lambs 
from N. J., aud this State, an occasional lot being re- 
ceived from Ky., Va., and Ohio Swine. — Free as 
were the receipts of the previous month, they are still 
larger now, and live hogs have declined about %c. per 
lb. They went to 4%@5c, a fortnight ago, but close 
somewhat firm at £c@o}eC., a recent advance in lard 
helping them. City dressed vary from Cc. to 6?ic, ac- 
cording as heavy hogs or light ones. 
do. 29th, do. 10 ®l4c. dor 
June5tlt, do. 9%@13c. do. 
do. 12th, do. 10 ©lie. do. 
Stock Breeding:. — Charles R. Hoffman, 
Kansas. In breeding stock of all kinds, it is a rule never 
to breed the progeny to its sire. This rule is often de- 
parted from among breeders ; but exceptions should 
only be made for some good reason. The male progeny 
of a thorough-bred heifer might be used on a half-bred 
heifer from a native cow, although the sire of both 
was the same, as this would not be considered close 
breeding. Bat judicious selections should be made. A 
change of blood would be well every four or five years. 
