284r 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[August, 
fruit than can be used, it should be preserved by 
canning, bottling, or drying. Directions have 
often been given in the Household Department. 
Blackberries. — Do not allow the new canes to 
grow over four or five feet high, and pinch the 
laterals when a foot or eighteen inches long. Fruit 
for home use should be thoroughly ripe before it is 
picked, while that for the market must be gathered 
before it becomes soft enough to bruise in handling. 
Dwarf Trees. — Thin out all poor fruit, and if the 
ciop is too large, remove a part of it. Control the 
shape of the tree by pinching. 
Qrapes. — If mildew appear, give a thorough dust- 
ing of sulphur. Keep the vines tied to stakes or 
trellises, and do not allow them to become entan- 
gled with each other. Cut off all bunches which 
are affected with rot. 
Jiaspbemes. — Remove all of the old fruiting 
canes, and keep the new growth tied to stakes, to 
prevent its being blown down ; three or four strong 
canes are enough for one plant to carry. The soil 
between the rows must be kept loose and clean. 
Strawberries. — New beds, if set out with young 
plants, will produce moderately next spring. Old 
beds should be cleared of weeds, aud thoroughly 
enriched with a good dressing of manure. 
Weeds will grow in the fruit garden as well 
as elsewhere, if not kept down by constant cultiva- 
tion. A thick mulch between the rows will save 
much time and trouble in cultivation. 
JFlower-CSamlen ami 1<siivii. 
The seTere heat of this month often prevents the 
growth of plants, and it is not until the late rains 
have watered them that they produce their finest 
effect. Weeds will, however, grow, and they will 
require constant attention. 
Box ought to be clipped this month, to preserve 
the edging in good shape. 
Bulbs. — If any spring flowering bulbs are still in 
the ground, take them up. 
Climbers. — The annual climbers ought to have 
strong supports, to prevent the wind from blowing 
them down. Keep the woody climbers tied up, 
and cut off all superfluous branches. 
Dahlias ought to be tied to strong stakes, which 
should be firmly set in the ground. Remove all 
imperfect buds aud flowers. 
Grass.— Lawns and edgings need constant care to 
preserve their good appearance. They ought to be 
mowed once a week at least, and, if possible, twice. 
"Where a lawu has been recently seeded down and 
■weeds are abundant, many of the larger ones can 
be removed by the use of a spud ; this is a thin- 
edged chisel, about two inches wide, having a sock- 
et for a handle, which may be of any convenient 
length ; the root of the weed can be cut off be- 
low the surface without disturbing the grass. 
Gladiolus. — Tie flower-stalks to stakes to pre- 
vent breaking by the wind, for if once bent it is 
very hard to bring them into an erect position. 
Hedges. — Give their summer clipping this month. 
Bolted Dlants. — Do not neglect them at this sea- 
sou, but keep supplied with water. 
rercnmals. — Seeds of these, as well as of bienni- 
als, are better if sown now, as they will generally 
produce plants large enough to flower next season. 
ttreenlionse ai»«l Window SMmmi*. 
The thorough renovation of the greenhouse 
should be finished before. the pressure of fall work 
comes. Sec that all insects are destroyed by a 
thorough washing, and afterwards paint or white- 
wash t tic inside woodwork. If the heating appa- 
ratus is out of order, repair before cold weather. 
See that there is a good stock of pottmg material 
on hand for winter use, and also provide boxes and 
pots for the large plants which have been planted 
out during the summer. 
Worn-out Stock. — There is no profit in 
feeding old stock. When cows and sheep are past their 
prime, they can not be made- to pay for feeding. There- 
fore we would not advise sheep to be kept over five 
years, or cows over eight or nine. Occasionally a ewe 
or a cow will be profitable to keep for breeding purposes 
for three or four years after these ages, but no expectation 
of fattening them profitably need be entertained; aud it 
is a question whether the gain in one way is not lost al- 
together in the other. After the system begins to run 
down, the teeth become worn, and food is no longer per- 
fectly digested. Waste occurs, and though it is true the 
manure pile is enriched when aged stock is kept, the ad- 
vantage does not compensate for the waste. During the 
latter part of summer, selections should be made for feed- 
ing for market next spring. No time should be lost then 
in preparing those of full age, intended for this purpose, as 
much care aud attention must be given them aud early 
feeding be commenced, or they can not be successfully 
brought into condition for market. 
Commercial Matters— Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care- 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist, 
show at a glance the transactions for the month ending 
July 17, 1S71, aud for the corresponding month last year. 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUK SKW-TOKK MARKETS. 
Kbobifts. Flour. Wlteat. Corn. 7?//''. Barley. Oats. 
aTdaysWis m't.li.380,000 2,911,000 S.li.-i.onii ni.cioo X'l.ooo si:..oiio 
J7daystasJm'tu.871,OO0 3,151,000 -.',816.000 8T,ooo 41,000 1,413,000 
Kales. Flour. Wheal. Corn. line. Barley. Oats 
87 days «»t8nrtli.843,000 3,436.000 2,33.5,000 5!l,0o0 6,800 1.371.000 
27d:iys/.ts< ni'ch.247,000 3,745,000 3,933,000 65,000 23,000 1,156,000 
2. Comparison willi same period at this time last year. 
Receipts. Flour. Wlieat. Corn. Hue. Barley. Oats. 
.'7 clays is;i 380,000 2,1111.000 3,415,000 51.000 321,000 moon 
25 days 1870... 37S,0u0 3,341,000 1,238,500 76,000 58,000 734,000 
Sales. Flour. Wheat. Corn. line. Barley. Oats. 
87 dRTSlDTt... 313,000 3.430,000 2.2i5.000 50.0110 6.S00' 1,371,000 
25 days 1S70... 283.000 4,337,000 1,568,000 109,010 13,500 1,411,000 
3. Export* from New York. Jin. 1 to July 13. 
1871... 
1870... 
1*!.... 
186S... 
4. 
Flour. Wheat. 
."i;:;,'-:;i R,103.1"7 
S0.626 7.9'-l.ll'8 
.'0-,.'l-,0 6,260.308 
. 13 ,(i 3 2,950,923 
Corn. R>/e. Batten Oats. 
4,s:l,s7! 13,ois 83,796 14.KS9 
1 1.103 65,731 0,7X8 
1,481,849 liK,5"6 43.2.57 
4,044.603 15S.09S — - 39,363 
Stock of gram i't ttore at New York 
1S71. 
July 10.. . 
June 13.. 
May 9.... 
Apiil 10.. 
March 13 
Feb. 13... 
Jan. 16. .. 
1870. 
Dec. 15. .. 
Nov. 9... 
Oct. 10.. 
Sept. 13. . 
Aus. 8... 
July 11... 
Juue 7... 
Wheat. 
busll. 
. SSM^ 
.. 230.350 
. 3 U. MO 
.. 811.871 
. 1 .-.'.'3.7S5 
..2,203.677 
...3,6B5,11G 
...3,060,763 
. . . .3,092,900 
....1,809,921 
....1,887,487 
....1,438.876 
....1,281.913 
.... 706.178 
corn, 7?v', Jhrrtei/, Oats, Malt. 
bush. bush, bush, bash. bush. 
031.954 9'.9;5 274,099 199,541 
292,184 111,7^3 3.1M) 834,459 142,572 
259.215 16 i.r '4 5'.725 376.220 171.933 
l«0,o47 1.5.961 164.883 700.3113171897 
2"4.388 150.514 3.9.319 1.133.K97 218,231 
311.471 141.194 481.863 1.419.995 215.124 
2:3,61.4 151,730 551,191 1,786,986 316,394 
208,319 148.069 505.-.97 2.085.137 231,129 
300.000 IIO.81O 4011.I0.1 2.135.0O0 
4;o.5t4 .53.391 18I.S03 1.679,658 237.453 
761,894 50,869 107.171 1,0.5:1,079 ,30.sSl 
5S9.973 25.137 106,101 69l.;6rt 1 19,046 
4S3.5I0 28.3ili 94.600 655JK8 100.17^ 
09,845 2:, 891 91,630 488,143 10S.775 
Current Wholesale Prices. 
June 15. 
Prick of Gold 
113X 
@ 7 00 
©10 25 
@ in 25 
® 8 75 
... (l 00 
© e 10 
® 4 20 
@ 1 85 
@ 1 65 
© 78 
(74 76 
70 
65 ® 
66 SO 67K 
Fr.oun— Super to Extra State $5 50 
Super to Extra Southern 6 75 
Extra Western. 620 
Extra Genesee 7 10 
Superfine Western 5 45 
11YE Flour 4 30 
Corn-Meal 3 25 
Wiiit vr— All kinds ol White.. 160 
All kinds ot Red aud Amber. 1 45 
CORN'-Tellow 76 
Mixed. , 69 
Oats— Western 
State 
UYK 1 02K® 1 15 
Barley Nominal. 
Hat— Hale V 100 Bs 100 ® 1 40 
Straw, * 100 Bs 85 @ 1 95 
Cotton— Middlings, $1 IV... 20>6® 20% 
Hops— Crop oi 1870, V it. 7 © 13 
Featuers— Live Ceese. $1 It.. 65 @ 75 
Seed— Clover. W B 10 ® 1034 
Timothy. * bushel 3 50 ® 4 00 
Flax, V bushel 2 30 ® 2 45 
Sugar— Drown, ¥' Ik 8%® 10% 
Molasses. Cuba, ^tral. 20 @ 45 
Coffee— ltio(Gold, in bond). 10 @ 13)4 
Touacco, Kentucky, &c..3*B. 6 @ 12 
Seed Leal, id lb 12 ® 70 
Wool— Domestic Fleece, V B. 49 ® 60 
Domestic, pulled, 9 1b S3 ® 53 
California, unwashed, 23 @ 30 
Tallow, tS lb 8X@ 9K 
Oil-Cake— V ton 39 00 ®41 00 
Fork— Mess, ¥t barrel 15 50 ©15 75 
Prime, *t barret 12 75 ®13 50 
Beef— Plain mess 8 00 ©14 00 
July 17. 
113M 
4 60 @ 6 50 
.,1 10 25 
© 9 75 
5 15 
5 40 
6.50 
4 60 
4 00 
3 40 
1 45 
1 30 
67 ® 
64>.'ffl 
65C® 
85 © 
Nona: 
1 05 @ 
05 ® 
21 @ 
7 @ 
. 65 ® 
10M© 
® 5 15 
® 5 50 
® 4 15 
© 1 70 
© 1 52 
® 74 
70 
1.7). 
1 12 
ual. 
1 45 
1 65 
81* 
13 
75 
11 
® 4 50 
40 ® 2 50 
iox 
20 ® 
10X9 
6 © 
Lard, in trcs. & barrels, 31 B. 9M@ 
Hotter— State, 9 B 12 ® 
Western. 9 B 10 @ 
Cueesk 5 ® 
Beans— V bushel 125 
Peas— Canada, free, ft bu 1 35 
F.GGS— Fresh. H< dozen. .... 16 
Poultry— Live Fowls 16 
Turkeys, 5ji B 16 
GeeBe, 9 pair 150 
Ducks, 9 pair 75 
Potatoes, 9 bbl 3 00 
Sweet Potatoes, 9 bbl — 
Cabbaoes-59 100 3 50 
Broom-corn— 9 B 4 
Apples— 1* barrel 4 00 
Raspberries, $ quart — 
Blackberries, 9 quart — 
Gooseberries, ?t bushel — 
30 
23 
® 12K 
ca 3 50 
® 1 40 
® 19 
® 13 
@ 18 
@ 2 00 
© 1 00 
® 7 00 
® — 
@ 6 50 
® 8 
@ 9 00 
12 
50 
37 
23 
9 
40 00 
14 75 
12 00 
S 00 
45 
IZ'A 
12 


® 55 
® 40 
® 9% 
@42 50 
@I5 02 
®13 00 
©12 50 
9^® 11 
13 ® 33 
13 © 27 
6 @ 12 
1 00 ® 3 75 
1 25 @ 1 35 
16 @ 21 
18 ® 19 
18 @ 19 
1 50 ® 2 00 
75 @ 90 
2 50 ® 3 00 
3 00 
4 
2 50 
7 
13 
2 25 
... 5 00 
® 8 
© 4 50 
® 18 
@ 18 
® 2 50 
Gold has been up to 113?^ and down to 112 since out- 
last, closing, July 15, at 112! ; Breadstuffs have been 
offered villi more freedom, and have been generally 
quoted lower, with a fairly active business reported in 
the leading kinds, for home use, shipment, and. to a 
limbed extent, on speculative account. The arrivals of 
Wheat have been quite generally in poor order, while 
those of Corn have been well up, on the average, to the 
standard of merchantable. Several lots of new-crop 
Wheat, chiefly Southern aud South-western amber, have 
been received and marketed Aritkin the month at equal 10 
full current rates. The quality, iu most iustannccs, was 
superior to that of the earlier offerings of new-crop last 
year Provisions have been depressed and lower, yet 
not active. At the close, more steadiness was apparent. 
Sotton has been less freely dealt in, at variable 
prices, though closing with a fair show of firmness, on a 
less liberal^ offering of stock Wool has been in good 
demand, at advancing prices Tobacco, Hops, Hay, 
aud Naval Stores are iu request. 
Ncw>York liive-Stock llarltcts. 
week ending Beeves. Cows. Calves. Sheep. Swine. Toft. 
June 19th 8.566 63 2.971 28.093 20.979 66,672 
June 26th 7,891 113 -1,229 26,035 29,589 67.860 
July 3d 7,542 102 2,942 26,581 29,140 66,310 
July Mill 8,196 48 2,159 29,75! 23.720 62.874 
Total in 4 Weeks.... 33,198 3J(! 12,301 110,463 108.128 213,71''. 
doforprev.i Weeks 27,117 338 15.SS1 79,206 83,200 205,511 
Beeves. Coics. Calves. Sheep. Sioine. 
Average per Week „. 8,049 81 3,075 27,616 27.107 
do do. last Month.... 6,779 84 3,908 19,801 20.S0O 
do. do. pretfs Month... .6,991 72 4,259 16,737 15,44* 
Average per Week, 1870. 6,847 97 2,240 28,151 n,u.< 
do. do. do. 1869. 6,275 92 1,752 28,836 15,843 
do. do. do. 186S 5,733 105 1,588 27.183 18,809 
do. do. do. 1867. 5,544 64 1,320 22.151 20,605 
do. do. do. 1866. 5,748 94 1,200 20,000 13,000 
do. do do. 1865. 5,255 IIS 1.500 16,091 11,033 
Total in 1869 .336,'»0 4.827 91,043 1,499,500 798.199 
Total in 1868 . .298,128 5.466 82.571 1,413,479 97S.I101 
Total iu 1867'. .293.832 3,369 69.911 1,174.154 1,103. 643 
Total in I860 298.8S0 4.S85 63.120 1,040,000 672.000 
Total iu 1865 270.271 0.161 71,991 836.733 573,190 
Total iu 1861 267,609 7,603 75,021 782,162 660,27. 
Beef Cattle.— With an average increase of 1,300 
bullocks per week, during the past month, the markets 
have ruled dull and decidedly against the drover. There 
has been a steady decline from beginning to end, amount- 
ing t® about lc. per fb., the closing rates being Byje, be- 
low what they Ayere one year -ago. Tesans begin to 
come forward somewhat freely — much faster than they 
can be Bold. Operators in this kind of stock are likely 
to have a hard time of it. When people are starved to 
it, they take to the dry Texan beef, but in a glut of good 
stock, as at present, when fair Illinois cattle can be 
bought nt 10'/5c.@.llc., these wild breeds go begging at 
8c.@8!4c. They are frequently sold at about what they 
cost in Illinois. Altogether, the trade is very discourag- 
ing for Western shippers and Eastern speculators. Low 
freights alone save them from heavy losses, but do not 
always keep them from going behind. 
Below we give the range of prices, average price, and 
figures at which large lots 5vere sold : 
June 19th, ranged 9 ©14 c. Large sales 11 X@13 c. Av. 12K 
June 26th, do. 8K®13Kc. do. do. ll';@12Wc. do. liy 
July3d, do. 8,s©13 c. do. do. HX®12Kc. do. 11X 
July 10th, do. 8 @13c. do. do. 11 @12 c. do. 11« 
IUllcli Cows.— The price of beef has much to do 
with the value of milch cows. Cattle ruling very low, 
causes a dull trade iu milkers, and prices are lower, or 
$35@$4G for very poor ; $50@*G5 for ordinary to fair, and 
$70ffl$85 for good to extras Calves.— The falling off 
in numbers is not equal to the lessened demand, hence 
trade is Blow and prices low. Poor grass and buttermilk 
calves can scarcely be sold at all. They will only bring 
3^c.@4^c. per lb., a large lot, of 170 lbs., selling at 4c. 
Ordinary milk veals arc quoted at 6c. ©7c ; fair to prime, 
7!4c.@8!4c. ; and only extras reach 9c Slieep and 
lambs. — Arrivals are much larger, swelled by the free 
receipts of spring lambs. Fat sheep have been in re- 
quest every week, their surplus fat being in demand for 
dressing off thin lambs. Still there is an average de. 
cline of fully Vic. per fi>. on sheep for the month. Poot 
stock sells at 4c.@5c. ; fair to good, BS4c.ta>5iic, and 
prime to extras, 6c. (gu^c. Lambs suffer most, Western 
selling at 7c.@8!4c. ; few choice, 9c, 5vith Jersey and 
State at 8^c.@9V4c, and 10c. for very fine Swine.— 
These, too, are in heavier supply, but there is no de. 
cline. In fact, we quote }£c. advance during the past 
few days, live selling at 5%c.@33!ic., with dressed at 
6c.@7c. Some small pigs, 5vhicli are scarce and wanted, 
reached 7J£c. 
Crops in Virginia. — Gilbert Child, 
Staunton, Va., sends us specimens of wheat, rye, and 
timothy, grown in his neighborhood, Avhere he says the 
best yield of wheat is 44 bushels per acre, though some 
claim to have made much more than that. Average yield 
of the county, 10 bushels. Land is Avorth sixty d«llars per 
acre ; labor is plentiful at one dollar per day and board in 
harvest, and eight to twelve dollars per month by the 
year. The specimens sent would indicate what we 
shouad call a fair crop, and would equal the average of a 
good crop ki N'ow York State. We rarely see a crop that 
will yield over 25 bushels of wheat, or 30 »f rye, though 
Ave often hear of tkent. The writer never succeeded in 
