33*2 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[SsPTEJlllEli, 
Contents for September, 1871. 
■3 Illustrations.. $aa 
. ... 341 
339, 340 
.336 
.340 
.333 
.338 
.334 
.330 
330 
.341,343 
...335 
A Working Capital of $200 per Aero 329 
An Egg Farm 6 Illustrations. .$31, 832 
BceNotes 327 
Boys and Girls' Columns— Red River Trains — Tobacco 
— Aunt Sue's Puzzle Bos — Making Mud Pics. 
3 lllnslrations-tel, 348 
Clover for Plowing under 333 
Country Roads and Bridges 
Currant and Gooseberry Trees. . 
Dry Earth in Veterinary Surgery 
Early Lamlis for Market 339 
Fairs in 1S71 353, 354 
Fall Planting of Hardy Plants 343 
Farm Work for September 322 
Flower Garden and Lawn in September 824 
Fruit Gard»u in September 323 
Gate Posts Illustrated 
Gathering Cotton-Wood Bark for Forage.. 7#i/srraterf 
Gathering Sea- Weed for Manure 2 Illustrations 
Grain-Bins and Corn-Cribs 2 Illustrations 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in September. .... 
Harvesting Corn Illustrated 
How they make Roads in t^uhldletown 5 Illus 
How to Bnild a Cheap Greenhouse 5 Slus 
How much Seed, and How should it be Sown 
Kitchen Garden in September 323 
Lettuce for Next Spring 344 
Lime and Limo-Kilns 3 Illustrations. .835, 336 
Market Reports 324 
More Labor and Manure, and Less Land 33C 
Notes from the Pines — Sweet Corn — Sub-tropical — 
Arundo Donax — The Sorrel-Tree — Keelrentcria parti- 
culata S43 
Orchard and Nursery in September 323 
Onr Native Loosestrifes Illustrated. .343 ,344 
Pickling Seed Wheat 333 
Plants for Winter 844 
Pleasant Announcement ..329 
Portable Fences 2 Illustrations.. XT! 
Pumps for Liquid Manure. 3 Illustrations. 839 
Putting in Wheat 339 
Simple Stump-Pnller Illustrate d . . 3jS 
Southern Bnsh-HoneysHckle Illustrated . .341 
Swamp Muck 330 
The Common or Scutch Broom Illustrated. . 341 
The Household — Drying Fruit, Corn, etc. — Home 
Topics — Sunday Headaches — By Express or by Post 
— Treatment for " Cross Children " — Oatmeal Gruel 
— Knee-Breeches — Hints on Making Pickles — Salad 
Dressing— Recipes 345. 340 
The Mother's Milk for Calves 333 
The Trilliums, or Wake-Robins Illustrated. .344 
Thorough-bred Stallion Lexington Illustrated. .321 
WakefieM Cabbage— How to Select for Seed 343 
Walks and Talks sn the Farm, No. 93— Wool Grow- 
ing — Diehl Wheat — Essex Swine — Clover a Means of 
Fertility— Clean Culture of Crops 334,333 
Working Oxen 3 illustrations. .337, 338 
INDEX TO ;l BASKCT,"*OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
BceNotes 327 Potatoes on Sod 32B 
Bone Manure 325 Register of Am. Jersey 
Cloansina Milk Pans 327 Cuttle Club .328 
CHppingSheepintoShape326 Remerlv for a Mard-milk- 
Clover with Corn 325 f ing Cow 324 
Common Sense in the I Rot in Sheep ' 327 
Household 325 Salt and Muck 327 
©orn-Husks 327, Saving Rennet 323 
Cost of Boats 327 Sawdust. Bone-Meal, and 
Cultivating Corn 320. Ashes 320 
Destroying Ants 32KShade as a Fertilizer 326 
Docks and Elders 320 Soft Butter 325 
Drainilg for Gardens 328 Sorrel 327 
Drilling Seed 325 Sowing Timothv on Stub- 
Farm Gate 325 ble to; 
Fattening Hogs ..326 Stopping a Hen from Sit- 
Fly-Pinof Smoke-Honse.326. ting 325 
Grass lor Mountain Land Stump Puller 328 
in New Jersey 325 Sundry Humbugs 327 
Grass in Summer Fallews326|Swcet Pork 327 
Humhnge, Sundry 327 To kill Den berry Bushcs.326 
Harvesting Peas 337 To Prevent Blocks from 
HighFricesforShorthorns32- < =! Splitting 326 
Kansas Farm that seems iTo Prevent Sows Eating 
to be Worn out 320i their Young 326 
&6rge vs. Small Pigs 389 Temperature of Spring- 
Little Piirs 327 House 327 
Making Cheese 32.5 Value of Apple Pomace 
Management of Timber Tor Manure 320 
Lauds in Illinois 325 What is the Best Variety 
Manure a Remedy for ' of Winter Wheat T... .326 
Chinch-Bug in Wheat. .325 Will Gas-Lime drive awav 
Model Letter 32o| Insects? ".325 
Moncv Savod 32S : Will it Pay to use. Lime 
Musty Cellar 326 for Manure at 25c. a 
Mutton Sheep 336, Bushel? 326 
Norway Oats 325 Wire and Bodrd Fence. .327 
Potato Digger 327 Wire Fences 325 
Aslt«'« I^oiiclicrt :««<! VTnleachetl. — 
'•R. G. L." — The relative vain? of ashes will depend upon 
the thoroughness of the leaching as well as the character 
of the w°od from wlwch they are obtained. 
Calendar for September. 
si 
1 
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1-3 
1 
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8 
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3 
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F 

s 
Ill 
s 
tl 
M 
12 
T 
IK 
W 
11 
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15 
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16 
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T 
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Mi 
s 
"4 
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25 
M 
26 
T 
27 
W 
■N 
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2D 
V 
30 
s 
Boston, XEna 
hinrt, .V. York 
State, ffieht- 
guit, Wiscon- 
sin. ToWa, unit 
Or won. 
<?1 
11 
B.M n.v 
n. m. 
5 21 8 35 
S 12 
5 36 li 33 
8 35 
5 27 
1; 31 
•9 1 
5 2H 
n "i 
9 08 
5 2D 
11 m 
59 
r, si) 
.-. '.'6 
10 So 
-. ::i 
6 24 
11 IB 
'• S! 6 20 
morn 
::: g j| 
S 
-". :'■! 6 10 
57 
.". :3 6i; 
1 56 
S 36;6 15 
2 59 
5 37 6 It 
4 4 
5 SS 6 12 
5 89 6 10 
7 5 
5 40 6 S 
7 83 
5 41 16 7 
7 59 
5 4316 5 
8 SI 
5 44 6 3 
9 7 
5 45 6 1 
9 51 
r, 16 
G 
10 42 
, 4; 
1 48 
1 49 5 
50:. -, 
51 5 
52 5 
53,5 
i 54 5 
5 56 5 
58 11 44 
" morn 
51 
2 S 
5 14 
4 25 
rises 
6 85 
7 2 
.v. r.cuy. ct. 
j'/iiltuU'i'hui, 
New Jersey. 
Penn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
5 2S 
5 29 
5 SO 
5 31 
5 S3 
5 53 
5 34 
5 36 
5 37 
5 S8 
5 39 
5 40 
5 41 
5 42 
5 43 
5 44 6 
IT V 
6 39 
li 31 
''. 09 
6 28 
17 06 
6 3.5 
6 "3 
6 21 
fi 20 
6 18 
6 16, 
6 15 
6 IS 
6 111 
6 9, 
8 12 
8 86 
9 S 
9 81 
10 8 
10 40 
11 22 
innrn 
8 
1 2 
45 
5 46 
5 47 
5 is 
5 49 
5 511 
5 51 
5 5! 
5 53 
6 
4 
S 
1 
50 
58 
56, 
5 54 
5 5SI 
52 
50 
IS 
5 5415 46 
5 54 5 44 
S 8 
4 7 
sets 
7 S3 
8 2 
8 85 
9 12 
9 56 
10 48 
11 50 
morn 
56 
2 7 
3 17 
4 27 
rises 
1 86 
7 4 
M'i .hington, 
Maryland, 
Virginia Ken. 
''11 ky, Missolt- 
ri, and Cali- 
fornia. 
o;«S Is 
9 16 
10 1 
10 53 
11 55 
morn 
1 2 
2 12 
S 21 
4 29 
rises 
PHASBS OV THE MOON. 
3d Quart.. . 
New Moon 
1st Quart. 
Full 
BOSTON. |N\ YORK. WASH'N. CHa'sTON OHTOASO, 
H. M. 
H. M. 
5 26 ev. 5 14 cv 
2 25 ev. 2 13 ev 
28 cv. 16 cv 
1 cv. 48 ev. 
n. m. 
h. 11. 
_ 2 ev. 4 50 cv. 
2 1 ev. 1 49 ev. 
4 ev.ill 50 in. 
S6 ev 04 ev. 
H. M. 
4 20 cv. 
1 19 ev. 
11 00 111. 
11 54 ill. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1871. 
September should be a comparatively leisure 
month on the farm. Wheat, barley, and, this year, 
oats are all harvested, and corn is not yet ready to 
cut. The principal steady work of the month for 
the teams is to put in the winter wheat. With us, 
October and November are the two busiest months 
of the year, and during September it should be our 
aim not only to get every thing ready, but to anti- 
cipate the work as much as possible. Of all the 
summer and autumn months, the farmer is inex- 
cusable who does not drive his work. Next month 
it will drive him. We doubt the economy of a 
farmer taking a team and going to plow all day. A 
hired man, or a good boy, with a little instruction 
and occasional assistance, will do this kind of work, 
while there are a score of important things to be done 
that no one can do as well as the farmer himself. 
Much of the success of a farmer depends on the good 
judgment exercised on this point. It is where two 
farmers out of three fail. They would rather work 
than thiuk — rather plow nil day than keep things in 
order, and attend to tlu3 details as well as the gen- 
eral direction of the farm. They do thim/s that the}/ 
like to do, and leave undone those things which 
they do not like to do — or, what is about the same 
thing, they leave them to the hired men. No man 
can succeed who habitually adopts this course, for 
the simple reason that, no matter how industrious 
he may think himself to be. or appear to others, he 
does not in fact work. Work is doing something 
that his judgment or his conscience tells him 
he ought to do. If a farmer has a particular 
fondness for feeding a thrashing machine, and does 
not like to attend to the details of thrashing, such 
as seeing that no grain is left in the Etraw, or goes 
over in the chaff ; that the horses are properly fed 
and watered, and that the outside horse, which has 
to travel farther than the inside one, is allowed a 
longer half of the cvener; that the straw stack is 
properly built ; that, the boys arc not put to do the 
hardest part of the work, and required to do all the 
running about ami wait on the men besides ; the 
farmer, in short, who shuns all thought, care, and 
responsibility, and devotes his iimc to feeding the 
machine simply because be likes to do so, while he 
knows, or might know, that he ought to be attend- 
ing to other things, is merely wasting his time and 
strength. He is playing, not working. In agri- 
culture, as in religion, feeling is no rule of duty. 
Happy he who, against his inclinations, does what 
he knows ought to be done; happier still he who 
feels like doing it. 
Hints about IVork. 
Clover Seed will be a light crop this year. The 
spring of 1870 was so dry, that thousands of acres 
seeded down 5vith clover failed entirely, and thou- 
sands more would not have been worth rcsowing 
for meadow or pasture had it not been for the 
timothy sown on the land the fall previous. We 
can not expect a heavy crop of clover seed from 
such land. Those who have any clover that will 
yield even a bushel of seed per acre would do well 
to gather it. With a mowing machine and a 
reaper platform, cutting clover seed is expeditiously 
and cheaply performed. Those who have only a 
mowing machine, can cut and gather a light crop 
of clover seed by making a sheet-iron platform, 
and attaching it to the cutter-bar of the mower, 
and letting it drag on the ground. A man walks 
behind the machine with a rake, and keeps the 
clover on the platform until he ha6 got all it will 
carry, wheu he pulk it off into windrows. On a 
5\ood mower, the sheet-iron can be attached in a 
few minutes. When there is a large growth of 
clover, and comparatively little seed in it, it should 
be cured in such a way as to preserve as much nutri- 
ment in the clover a6 possible. We shall then get 
seed and hay. In thi6 case, the clover seed should 
be cured in the same way we cure clover hay. But 
when the fodder i6 of no value, clover seed may be 
allowed to lie exposed to the sun and rain for 
days or iveeks without injury. In fact, it will 
thrash all the easier for such repeated wettings 
and dryings. When drawn iu, however, it should 
be quite dry, and if there is no barn room it is better 
to thrash it out at once, as it is almost impossible 
to make a stack of cloveHteeed that will shed the 
rain. If put in a stack, it must be thatched. 
Sowing Winter WTieal. — Some hints were given on 
this subject in the last Agriculturist. On a good 
summer fallow that is mellow and moist, it will 
make comparatively little difference whether the 
seed is sown broadcast or put in with a drill. But 
after spring crops, on dry, cloddy land., a drill fre- 
quently makes the difference between a good crop 
and a poor one. If sown broadcast, the seed lies 
among the dry clods, and much of it will not ger- 
minate until we have raiu ; while a drill can be set 
deep enough to deposit the seed in the moist earth 
beneath the clods. And if the drill is followed by 
a roller to break the clods, the moisture beneath 
will be retained, and the seed will germinate and 
grow, even should no rain fall for weeks. Late- 
sowu wheat requires more seed than when sown 
early — say 1}{ bushels per acre if sown the first 
week in September, and two bushels the last week. 
Much, however, depends 011 the condition of the 
soil. On good, rich land, in fine order, the wheat 
tillers so much that less seed is required. A change 
of seed is always desirable. As a rule, it is believed 
to be better to get it from a somewhat more south- 
ern latitude, and from poorer soil. 
Top- Draining the Wlteat Fields where needed is of 
great importance, and it is better to do it as soon 
as the wheat is sown than to wait until the rains 
come. There arc fields where it is necessary to 
plow out every dead furrow, but ordinarily all that 
need be done is to make furrows from the lower 
parts of the field where water accumulates. Secure 
a good ontlet from these, and the upper portions, 
unless there are bellows, will not need furrowing. 
Artificial Manure for Wheat will not pay unless 
we get $1.50 to $1.15 per bushel for the wheat. 
Nitrate of soda at four cents per pound is the 
cheapest source of nitrogen iu the market at the 
present time, and 5vith wheat at SI. 75 it might be 
used with fair profit. Sow 100 pounds per acre 
when the wheat is sown, and another 100 pounds 
if need be in the spring. On poor, sandy land, 
it would be better to sow 100 pounds of guano 
and 100 pounds nitrate of soda per acre in the fall. 
