LOWER LIAS : NEWPORT^ 121 
Dr Wrght has noted the occurrence of Ammonites Turneri in 
the highest beds at Penarth. He also records Cardinia ovalis, 
Gryphcea arcuata, and other fossils belonging to the beds above 
the zone of A. planoibis* 
Summarized, the Lower Lias at Penarth and Lavernock is re- 
presented by the following strata, above the llhsetic Beds : 
FT. IN. 
Zones of ~j Alternations o f ii mes tone and clay - about 60 
A - se lc l s , ta f " s ' I Grey marls with occasional nodules of ce- 
A. DUCKlanai, > 1T , orl 4._ofrm onA ^nnda nf morlw li'moe+nnn 
and 
A. angulatus. J 
"Even-bedded .limestones and limestone- 
shales with Am. planorbis, &c. - about 22 
Zone of 
A, planorbis. 
ment-stone and bands of marly limestone 
about 40 
Even-bedded tou gh blue marly and shelly 
limestones, clays, and shales, with Ostrea 
liassica, &c. - - - 14 
Calcareous paper-shales - - 1 to 1 
Band of compact and earthy limestone (im- 
persistent), (probably equivalent to the 
Monotis-bed of Garden Cliff). 
TO ,. T> j j Bluish micaceous, shales and clays with 
3 | " race," passing down into marly clay with 
bands of compact and marly limestone 
12 to 15 
(_ Black shales with Avicula contorta, &c. 
The Lower Lias has been extensively quarried at Lliswerry 
(Liswery) east of Newport in Monmouthshire. The beds are 
worked in part for stone used for building-purposes, but chiefly 
for lime-burning : Portland cement, and Blue Lias Hydraulic lime 
being prepared. No agricultural lime is obtained, as the substance 
prepared, binds too much when put on the land, owing no doubt 
to its hydraulic properties. Building-lime is made also at a quarry 
N.E. of Tredegar Park, where the material is worked only for 
local purposes on the estate. 
The principal quarry at Lliswerry showed the following 
beds : 
FT. IN. 
["Bluish-grey and hard blue, mostly irregular, 
Lower Lias. J earthy, and shelly limestones ; separated by 
Zone of J brown clays at the top and by dark blue 
Ammonites ' shales lower down - - - - 8 6 
planorbis. More even layers (eight or nine) of earthy 
(_ limestone with very thin partings of shale - 8 
The total thickness of the Lower Lias at Lliswerry is estimated 
at 25 feet. The beds yield few fossils, with the exception of Ostrea 
liassica (which is very abundant), and Lima gigantea. Saurian 
bones, including remains of Plesiosaurus, were obtained in 1881, 
by Piof. Sollas, and placed in the Bristol Museum. Mr. J. E. Lee 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvi. p. 381: and Lias Ammonites, Palaeontogr. 
Soc., p. 10. See also Vertical Sections, Geol. Survey, Sheet 47 ; and H. B. Wood- 
ward, Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. p. 529 ; Kep. Brit. Assoc. for 1888, p. 900. 
