LOWER LIAS : KEYNSHAM AND BATH. 135 
South-easth of Keynsham, the Low or Lias Las been extensively 
quarried for building-stone and lime-burning. The stone-bed.> 
have been exposed to a depth of about 20 feet ; the upper part 
shows thin and even-bedded limestones and clays, the lower beds 
comprise limestones divided by thin shaly and sandy partings. 
The fossils here found were Nautilus, Ammonites Bucklandi, 
Gryphcea arcuata, Lima gigantea (small), and Ostrea liassica\; 
the beds representing the zones of A. Bucklandi (lower part) and 
A. planorbis. Many Gasteropods and other fossils have been 
obtained by Moore. In the uppermost portion of the zone of 
A. Bucklandi, he noticed a thin band of indurated marl with 
Plant-remains and Fishes (Hybodus, Acrodus, Lepidotus, &c.) and 
Avicula incequivalvis* 
The enormous Ammonites found in the limestones, of the Lower 
Lias at Keynsham, have given rise to the same romantic legends 
respecting the miraculous powers of St. Keyna, as have prevailed 
concerning St. Hilda at Whitby.t Ammonites Bu-cklandi 1 ft. 
9 in. in diameter has been obtained, and near Saltford A. Cony- 
bearei having a diameter of 1 ft. 6 in. Large examples of A. Buck- 
landi are occasionally found without the inner whorls ; and such 
was the case with the specimen originally obtained by Buckland, 
who, thrusting his head through it, rode home, dubbed by his 
friends the Ammon Knight.^ Extracrinus briareus has also been 
recorded from Keynsham. 
At Keynsham Hams, borings of. Mollusca ? and marks of erosion 
are stated by Bristow to occur in the top of the Sun bed. 
The general characters of the Lias at Bath may be inferred 
from the following section, furnished by a fruitless trial for coal, 
which was made at Batheaston, and abandoned hi 1812 : 1| 
FT. IN. FT. IK. 
Upuer Lias ? f Yellow clay - - .80 
Blue marl with bands of stone 54 10 
Blue rock - - - 12 (I 
Marl - - - - 1 
Middle Lias - - 104 4 Stone - - -IK 
Blue marl - - - 24 
LRock- - - - 3 
f Blue marl with bands of stone 65 9 
Lower Lias - - 142 8 < Marl and stone - 41 & 
I Hard rock and blue stone - 35 5 
f Stone [Sun bed?] - - 2 
White lias rock - - 10 
Blue marl - - 6 
Rhaetic Beds - 36 3^ Stone, clay, and rough blue 
marl - 6 3 
Black marl - - 10 
[_Light blue marl - .20 
Red Marls - - 30 Red ground - - 30 
Dolomitic Conglomerate 24 Mill-stone - - __24 __ 
337 3 
-, 
* Moore, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxiii. p. 502. 
t Buckland and Conybeare, Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. i. p. 302. 
j Sowerby, Mineral Conchology, vol. ii. p. 69. 
Vertical Sections, Sheet 46, No. 12. 
|j From document presented to the Geological Society by Mr. Meade, Hon Mem., 
Feb. 2, 1810. This record differs slightly from that given by Conybeare and 
Phillips, Outlines of Geol. England and Wales, p. 262. See also Moore, Quart. 
Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxiii. p. 458. 
