152 
LIAS OF ENGLAND AND WALES 
(noted by Wright) occurs in both llhsetic Beds and Lower Lias. 
Of other species, Sargodon tomicns appears to be the only 
exclusively Rhretic fossil : nowhere else have we any record ot' 
its occurrence above the Black (Avicula-contorta} shales. Hence, 
regarding some of the fossils as " derived " specimens, the 
evidence favours the view that the Guinea Bed, at, this locality, 
is the base of the Lower Lias, a position assigned to it by 
Wright, and also by Phillips.* 
A section at Temple Grafton showed the higher beds of the 
zone of Ammonites planorbis, with Insect-limestones and Ostrea- 
beds below.f 
The Lower Lias has been extensively quarried between Wilm- 
cote and Newnham, to the north-west o\ Stratford-upon-Avon. 
The beds exposed, in 1889, in a quarry north-west of Gipsey (or 
Stone) Hall, Wilmcote, were as follows : 
FT. 
1 
10 
1 
6 

3 
IN. 




6 

Soil, with flints, &c. - 
' Grey and blue clay 
Rusty clay ... 
Clay and limestone-shale 
TOP BLOCKS. Pale earthy limestone 
Marly shale 
BOTTOM BLOCKS. Pale blue-hearted earthy and 
banded limestone. Ammonites Johnstoni - -08 
Marly shales with impersistent layer of limestone. 
Lima gigantea. Beds used for lime - 2 6 
FINE COURSE. Thin greyish-brown earthy limestone 2 
Marly shale - -13 
Lower Lias. WHITES. Hard blue-hearted limestone. Used for 
Zone of J wall-stone and building-purposes - - - 5 
Am. } Marly shale. Saurian remains - 1 4 
planorbis. RIBS or BOTTOM ROCK. Hard blue-hearted banded 
limestone, used for building-purposes .04 
Blue and brown marly shales ; the upper part more 
calcareous, and used for cement-making - - 7 
Marly limestone, hard blue limestones, and com- 
minuted shelly layers, CEMENT DIRT; Lignite, 
Fish-remains - - 1 6 
CEMENT BEDS. THICK ROCK. Blue earthy lime- 
stones (2 beds) with Plant-remains - - - 1 7 
PENDLES. Limestone-shales, used for Lump lime -56 
FIRESTONE. Ostrea-bed. Hard blue shelly limestone, 
with Ostrea liassica. Used for Lump lime - 3 
Earthy limestone and shale. 
The higher beds of marly shale and leathery limestone-shale 
are discarded. The Top and Bottom Blocks are of no use for 
building, as they do not stand the weather. 
At Wilmcote the layers on the whole are even-bedded. The 
banded beds are usually Insect Limestones, and they yield 
Ammonites planorbis, A. Johnstoni, Glyphea Heeri, Eryon barro- 
vensis, and E. wilmcotensis. Pholidophorus Stricklandi is also 
recorded, and I obtained a specimen of Ammonites rotiformis ? 
and the bone of a Plesiosaurus. 
* Geol. Oxford, p. 112. 
f Tomes, Quart. .Tourn. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv. p. 184. 
